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Fichtl L, Hofmann M, Kahlen K, Voss-Fels KP, Cast CS, Ollat N, Vivin P, Loose S, Nsibi M, Schmid J, Strack T, Schultz HR, Smith J, Friedel M. Towards grapevine root architectural models to adapt viticulture to drought. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1162506. [PMID: 36998680 PMCID: PMC10043487 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1162506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To sustainably adapt viticultural production to drought, the planting of rootstock genotypes adapted to a changing climate is a promising means. Rootstocks contribute to the regulation of scion vigor and water consumption, modulate scion phenological development and determine resource availability by root system architecture development. There is, however, a lack of knowledge on spatio-temporal root system development of rootstock genotypes and its interactions with environment and management that prevents efficient knowledge transfer into practice. Hence, winegrowers take only limited advantage of the large variability of existing rootstock genotypes. Models of vineyard water balance combined with root architectural models, using both static and dynamic representations of the root system, seem promising tools to match rootstock genotypes to frequently occurring future drought stress scenarios and address scientific knowledge gaps. In this perspective, we discuss how current developments in vineyard water balance modeling may provide the background for a better understanding of the interplay of rootstock genotypes, environment and management. We argue that root architecture traits are key drivers of this interplay, but our knowledge on rootstock architectures in the field remains limited both qualitatively and quantitatively. We propose phenotyping methods to help close current knowledge gaps and discuss approaches to integrate phenotyping data into different models to advance our understanding of rootstock x environment x management interactions and predict rootstock genotype performance in a changing climate. This could also provide a valuable basis for optimizing breeding efforts to develop new grapevine rootstock cultivars with optimal trait configurations for future growing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Fichtl
- Department of General and Organic Viticulture, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Marco Hofmann
- Department of General and Organic Viticulture, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Katrin Kahlen
- Department of Modeling and Systems Analysis, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Kai P. Voss-Fels
- Department of Grapevine Breeding, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Clément Saint Cast
- EGFV, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Nathalie Ollat
- EGFV, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Philippe Vivin
- EGFV, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Simone Loose
- Department of Wine and Beverage Business, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Mariem Nsibi
- Department of Grapevine Breeding, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Joachim Schmid
- Department of Grapevine Breeding, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Timo Strack
- Department of Grapevine Breeding, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Hans Reiner Schultz
- Department of General and Organic Viticulture, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Jason Smith
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and Environment, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthias Friedel
- Department of General and Organic Viticulture, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
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Seidel SJ, Gaiser T, Srivastava AK, Leitner D, Schmittmann O, Athmann M, Kautz T, Guigue J, Ewert F, Schnepf A. Simulating Root Growth as a Function of Soil Strength and Yield With a Field-Scale Crop Model Coupled With a 3D Architectural Root Model. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:865188. [PMID: 35668793 PMCID: PMC9164166 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.865188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of root growth and related resource uptake is crucial to accurately simulate crop growth especially under unfavorable environmental conditions. We coupled a 1D field-scale crop-soil model running in the SIMPLACE modeling framework with the 3D architectural root model CRootbox on a daily time step and implemented a stress function to simulate root elongation as a function of soil bulk density and matric potential. The model was tested with field data collected during two growing seasons of spring barley and winter wheat on Haplic Luvisol. In that experiment, mechanical strip-wise subsoil loosening (30-60 cm) (DL treatment) was tested, and effects on root and shoot growth at the melioration strip as well as in a control treatment were evaluated. At most soil depths, strip-wise deep loosening significantly enhanced observed root length densities (RLDs) of both crops as compared to the control. However, the enhanced root growth had a beneficial effect on crop productivity only in the very dry season in 2018 for spring barley where the observed grain yield at the strip was 18% higher as compared to the control. To understand the underlying processes that led to these yield effects, we simulated spring barley and winter wheat root and shoot growth using the described field data and the model. For comparison, we simulated the scenarios with the simpler 1D conceptual root model. The coupled model showed the ability to simulate the main effects of strip-wise subsoil loosening on root and shoot growth. It was able to simulate the adaptive plasticity of roots to local soil conditions (more and thinner roots in case of dry and loose soil). Additional scenario runs with varying weather conditions were simulated to evaluate the impact of deep loosening on yield under different conditions. The scenarios revealed that higher spring barley yields in DL than in the control occurred in about 50% of the growing seasons. This effect was more pronounced for spring barley than for winter wheat. Different virtual root phenotypes were tested to assess the potential of the coupled model to simulate the effect of varying root traits under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Julia Seidel
- Crop Science, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Gaiser
- Crop Science, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Crop Science, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Schmittmann
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Miriam Athmann
- Organic Farming and Cropping Systems, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Timo Kautz
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julien Guigue
- Chair of Soil Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Frank Ewert
- Crop Science, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schnepf
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-3, Agrosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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Schäfer ED, Ajmera I, Farcot E, Owen MR, Band LR, Lynch JP. In silico evidence for the utility of parsimonious root phenotypes for improved vegetative growth and carbon sequestration under drought. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1010165. [PMID: 36466274 PMCID: PMC9713484 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a primary constraint to crop yields and climate change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of drought stress in the future. It has been hypothesized that crops can be made more resistant to drought and better able to sequester atmospheric carbon in the soil by selecting appropriate root phenotypes. We introduce OpenSimRoot_v2, an upgraded version of the functional-structural plant/soil model OpenSimRoot, and use it to test the utility of a maize root phenotype with fewer and steeper axial roots, reduced lateral root branching density, and more aerenchyma formation (i.e. the 'Steep, Cheap, and Deep' (SCD) ideotype) and different combinations of underlying SCD root phene states under rainfed and drought conditions in three distinct maize growing pedoclimatic environments in the USA, Nigeria, and Mexico. In all environments where plants are subjected to drought stress the SCD ideotype as well as several intermediate phenotypes lead to greater shoot biomass after 42 days. As an additional advantage, the amount of carbon deposited below 50 cm in the soil is twice as great for the SCD phenotype as for the reference phenotype in 5 out of 6 simulated environments. We conclude that crop growth and deep soil carbon deposition can be improved by breeding maize plants with fewer axial roots, reduced lateral root branching density, and more aerenchyma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst D. Schäfer
- Department of Plant Science, Pennysylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ishan Ajmera
- Department of Plant Science, Pennysylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Etienne Farcot
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Markus R. Owen
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Leah R. Band
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, Pennysylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jonathan P. Lynch,
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Zhang Z, Zhu L, Li D, Wang N, Sun H, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Li A, Bai Z, Li C, Liu L. In situ Root Phenotypes of Cotton Seedlings Under Phosphorus Stress Revealed Through RhizoPot. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:716691. [PMID: 34527012 PMCID: PMC8435733 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.716691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a common challenge in crop production because of its poor mobility through the soil. The root system plays a significant role in P absorption from the soil and is the initial indicator of low P levels. However, the phenotypic dynamics and longevity of cotton roots under P stress remain unknown. In this study, RhizoPot, an improvised in situ root observation device, was used to monitor the dynamics of root phenotypes of cotton seedlings under P-deficient (PD) and P-replete (PR) conditions. Low P stress reduced P absorption and accumulation in the roots, leading to low dry weight accumulation. Cotton seedlings responded to low P stress by increasing the number of lateral roots, specific root length, branch density, root length density, and length of root hairs. Additionally, the life span of root hairs was prolonged. Low P stress also reduced the average diameter of roots, promoted root extension, expanded the root coverage area, and increased the range of P acquisition. Principal component analysis revealed that the net root growth rate, root length density, root dry weight, P absorption efficiency, average root hair length, and taproot daily growth significantly influenced the cotton root architecture. Collectively, these results show that low P stress reduces the net growth rate of cotton seedling roots and restricts plant growth. Plants respond to P deficiency by extending the life span of root hairs and increasing specific root length and lateral root branch density. This change in root system architecture improves the adaptability of plants to low P conditions. The findings of this study may guide the selection of cotton varieties with efficient P utilization.
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