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Pani A, Cento V, Vismara C, Campisi D, Di Ruscio F, Romandini A, Senatore M, Schenardi PA, Gagliardi OM, Giroldi S, Zoppini L, Moreno M, Corradin M, Epis OM, Ughi N, Cuppari I, Crocchiolo R, Merli M, Bosio M, Rossini S, Puoti M, Scaglione F. Results of the RENAISSANCE Study: REsponse to BNT162b2 COVID-19 vacciNe-short- And long-term Immune reSponSe evAluatioN in health Care workErs. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:2966-2979. [PMID: 34736776 PMCID: PMC8403667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) anti-spike (S) IgG antibody production after vaccination with BNT162b2 and the protection from symptomatic breakthrough infections in health care workers. METHODS This prospective observational study (RENAISSANCE) had as a primary end point the evaluation of serologic response to BNT162b2 14 days after a second dose. SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG antibodies were evaluated with LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assay (DiaSorin S.p.A.), which is able to detect the presence of both binding and neutralizing antibodies for trimeric spike glycoprotein. Participants were recruited from February 1, 2021, to February 22, 2021. Occurrence of vaccine breakthrough infections was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on symptomatic and contact cases up to June 6, 2021. RESULTS Of 2569 staff evaluated, only 4 were nonresponders (0.16%; 95% CI, 0.04% to 0.41%). All 4 nonresponders were severely immunosuppressed and receiving treatment with mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolic acid. At 14 days after the second dose, 67.5% (1733) of staff had anti-S IgG titers of 2000 BAU/mL or higher; 19.2% (494), between 1500 and 2000 BAU/mL; 9.8% (251), between 1000 and 1500 BAU/mL; and 3.4% (87), 1000 BAU/mL or lower. Women had a higher probability of having higher titers than men (64.5% [1044/1618] vs 58.3% [410/703]; P=.005). This was confirmed after adjustment for age group (odds ratio, 1.275; 95% CI, 1.062 to 1.531; P=.009). Four months after the end of the vaccination program, only 13 participants (0.26%) had experienced a breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection, including 1 nonresponder. This was the only participant requiring hospitalization for severe COVID-19. CONCLUSION The vaccination campaign among health care workers at the ASST GOM Niguarda has resulted in a marked serologic response and reduction of incident COVID-19 cases. Yet, the lack of protection should not be overlooked in immunocompromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pani
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valeria Cento
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Vismara
- Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Campisi
- Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Di Ruscio
- Postgraduate School of Microbiology and Virology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romandini
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Senatore
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Andrea Schenardi
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Oscar Matteo Gagliardi
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Giroldi
- Healthcare Management Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Zoppini
- Healthcare Management Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Moreno
- Healthcare Management Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Corradin
- Healthcare Management Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Ughi
- Rheumatology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Cuppari
- Division of Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Crocchiolo
- Division of Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Merli
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bosio
- Healthcare Management Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvano Rossini
- Division of Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Puoti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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Hasnain SZ, Wang H, Ghia J, Haq N, Deng Y, Velcich A, Grencis RK, Thornton DJ, Khan WI. Mucin gene deficiency in mice impairs host resistance to an enteric parasitic infection. Gastroenterology 2010; 138:1763-71. [PMID: 20138044 PMCID: PMC3466424 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hyperplasia of mucin-secreting intestinal goblet cells accompanies a number of enteric infections, including infections by nematode parasites. Nevertheless, the precise role of mucins in host defense in nematode infection is not known. We investigated the role of the mucin (Muc2) in worm expulsion and host immunity in a model of nematode infection. METHODS Resistant (BALB/c, C57BL/6), susceptible (AKR), and Muc2-deficient mouse strains were infected with the nematode, Trichuris muris, and worm expulsion, energy status of the whipworms, changes in mucus/mucins, and inflammatory and immune responses were investigated after infection. RESULTS The increase in Muc2 production, observed exclusively in resistant mice, correlated with worm expulsion. Moreover, expulsion of the worms from the intestine was significantly delayed in the Muc2-deficient mice. Although a marked impairment in the development of periodic acid Schiff (PAS)-stained intestinal goblet cells was observed in Muc2-deficient mice, as infection progressed a significant increase in the number of PAS-positive goblet cells was observed in these mice. Surprisingly, an increase in Muc5ac, a mucin normally expressed in the airways and stomach, was observed after infection of only the resistant animals. Overall, the mucus barrier in the resistant mice was less permeable than that of susceptible mice. Furthermore, the worms isolated from the resistant mice had a lower energy status. CONCLUSIONS Mucins are an important component of innate defense in enteric infection; this is the first demonstration of the important functional contribution of mucins to host protection from nematode infection.
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Key Words
- muc2
- goblet cell
- enteric infection
- host resistance
- innate immunity
- atp, adenosine triphosphate
- brdu, bromodeoxyuridine
- il-4, interleukin-4
- ko, knockout
- mmuc2, murine muc2
- pas, periodic acid schiff
- relm, resistin-like molecule
- rt-pcr, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction
- scid, severe combined immunodeficient
- tff3, trefoil factor 3
- th, t helper
- wt, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Z. Hasnain
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Huaqing Wang
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean–Eric Ghia
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nihal Haq
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yikang Deng
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Velcich
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein Cancer Center/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Richard K. Grencis
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Thornton
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom,David J. Thornton, Welcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty Life Sciences. Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom. fax: 00441612751505
| | - Waliul I. Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,Reprint requests Address requests for reprints to: W.I. Khan, Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Room 2N34, McMaster University Medical Centre, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. fax: (905) 521-2338
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