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Li X, Chai X, Lyu HN, Fu C, Tang H, Shi Q, Wang J, Xu C. Chemical proteomics reveals an ISR-like response elicited by salicylic acid in Arabidopsis. New Phytol 2023; 237:1486-1489. [PMID: 36444540 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xin Chai
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hai-Ning Lyu
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chunjin Fu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qiaoli Shi
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a critical plant hormone that is involved in many processes, including seed germination, root initiation, stomatal closure, floral induction, thermogenesis, and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Its central role in plant immunity, although extensively studied, is still only partially understood. Classical biochemical approaches and, more recently, genome-wide high-throughput screens have identified more than two dozen plant SA-binding proteins (SABPs), as well as multiple candidates that have yet to be characterized. Some of these proteins bind SA with high affinity, while the affinity of others exhibit is low. Given that SA levels vary greatly even within a particular plant species depending on subcellular location, tissue type, developmental stage, and with respect to both time and location after an environmental stimulus such as infection, the presence of SABPs exhibiting a wide range of affinities for SA may provide great flexibility and multiple mechanisms through which SA can act. SA and its derivatives, both natural and synthetic, also have multiple targets in animals/humans. Interestingly, many of these proteins, like their plant counterparts, are associated with immunity or disease development. Two recently identified SABPs, high mobility group box protein and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, are critical proteins that not only serve key structural or metabolic functions but also play prominent roles in disease responses in both kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miaoying Tian
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI , USA
| | - Hyong Woo Choi
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY , USA
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Manohar M, Tian M, Moreau M, Park SW, Choi HW, Fei Z, Friso G, Asif M, Manosalva P, von Dahl CC, Shi K, Ma S, Dinesh-Kumar SP, O'Doherty I, Schroeder FC, van Wijk KJ, Klessig DF. Identification of multiple salicylic acid-binding proteins using two high throughput screens. Front Plant Sci 2014; 5:777. [PMID: 25628632 PMCID: PMC4290489 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is an important hormone involved in many diverse plant processes, including floral induction, stomatal closure, seed germination, adventitious root initiation, and thermogenesis. It also plays critical functions during responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. The role(s) of SA in signaling disease resistance is by far the best studied process, although it is still only partially understood. To obtain insights into how SA carries out its varied functions, particularly in activating disease resistance, two new high throughput screens were developed to identify novel SA-binding proteins (SABPs). The first utilized crosslinking of the photo-reactive SA analog 4-AzidoSA (4AzSA) to proteins in an Arabidopsis leaf extract, followed by immuno-selection with anti-SA antibodies and then mass spectroscopy-based identification. The second utilized photo-affinity crosslinking of 4AzSA to proteins on a protein microarray (PMA) followed by detection with anti-SA antibodies. To determine whether the candidate SABPs (cSABPs) obtained from these screens were true SABPs, recombinantly-produced proteins were generated and tested for SA-inhibitable crosslinking to 4AzSA, which was monitored by immuno-blot analysis, SA-inhibitable binding of the SA derivative 3-aminoethylSA (3AESA), which was detected by a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, or SA-inhibitable binding of [(3)H]SA, which was detected by size exclusion chromatography. Based on our criteria that true SABPs must exhibit SA-binding activity in at least two of these assays, nine new SABPs are identified here; nine others were previously reported. Approximately 80 cSABPs await further assessment. In addition, the conflicting reports on whether NPR1 is an SABP were addressed by showing that it bound SA in all three of the above assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murli Manohar
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Miaoying Tian
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Magali Moreau
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Sang-Wook Park
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Hyong Woo Choi
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
- Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, United States Department of AgricultureIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Giulia Friso
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Muhammed Asif
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Manosalva
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Kai Shi
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Shisong Ma
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, USA
| | | | - Inish O'Doherty
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Frank C. Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Daniel F. Klessig
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
- *Correspondence: Daniel F. Klessig, Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA e-mail:
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Kumar D, Klessig DF. The search for the salicylic acid receptor led to discovery of the SAR signal receptor. Plant Signal Behav 2008; 3:691-2. [PMID: 19704829 PMCID: PMC2634560 DOI: 10.4161/psb.3.9.5844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a state of heightened defense which is induced throughout a plant by an initial infection; it provides long-lasting, broad-spectrum resistance to subsequent pathogen challenge. Recently we identified a phloem-mobile signal for SAR which has been elusive for almost 30 years. It is methyl salicylate (MeSA), an inactive derivative of the defense hormone, salicylic acid (SA). This discovery resulted from extensive characterization of SA-binding protein 2 (SABP2), a protein whose high affinity for SA and extremely low abundance suggested that it might be the SA receptor. Instead we discovered that SABP2 is a MeSA esterase whose function is to convert biologically inactive MeSA in the systemic tissue to active SA. The accumulated SA then activates or primes defenses leading to SAR. SABP2's esterase activity is inhibited in the initially/primary infected tissue by SA binding in its active site; this facilitates accumulation of MeSA, which is then translocated through the phloem to systemic tissue for perception and processing by SABP2 to SA. Thus, while SABP2 is not the SA receptor, it can be considered the receptor for the SAR signal. This study of SABPs not only illustrates the unexpected nature of scientific discoveries, but also underscores the need to use biochemical approaches in addition to genetics to address complex biological processes, such as disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra Kumar
- East Tennessee State University; Johnson City, Tennessee USA
| | - Daniel F Klessig
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research; Ithaca, New York USA
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