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Mohammadi A, Koruji M, Azami M, Shabani R, Mohandesnezhad S, Bashiri Z, Asgari H. Polycaprolactone/Testicular Extracellular Matrix/Graphene Oxide-Based Electrospun Tubular Scaffolds for Reproductive Medicine: Biomimetic Architecture of Seminiferous Tubules. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300342. [PMID: 37729950 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous scaffolds are developed in the field of testicular bioengineering. However, effectively replicating the spatial characteristics of native tissue, poses a challenge in maintaining the requisite cellular arrangement essential for spermatogenesis. In order to mimic the structural properties of seminiferous tubules, the objective is to fabricate a biocompatible tubular scaffold. Following the decellularization process of the testicular tissue, validation of cellular remnants' elimination from the specimens is conducted using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and DNA content analysis. The presence of extracellular matrix (ECM) components is confirmed through Alcian blue, Orcein, and Masson's trichrome staining techniques. The electrospinning technique is employed to synthesize the scaffolds using polycaprolactone (PCL), extracted ECM, and varying concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) (0.5%, 1%, and 2%). Subsequently, comprehensive evaluations are performed to assess the properties of the synthetic scaffolds. These evaluations encompass Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy imaging, scaffold degradation testing, mechanical behavior analysis, methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay, and in vivo biocompatibility assessment. The PCL/decellularized extracellular matrix with 0.5% GO formulation exhibits superior fiber morphology and enhanced mechanical properties, and outperforms other groups in terms of in vitro biocompatibility. Consequently, these scaffolds present a viable option for implementation in "in vitro spermatogenesis" procedures, holding promise for future sperm production from spermatogonial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Mohammadi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 88770048, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525, Iran
| | - Morteza Koruji
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 88770048, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Azami
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
- Joint Reconstruction Research Center (JRRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
| | - Ronak Shabani
- Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Sanam Mohandesnezhad
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
| | - Zahra Bashiri
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525, Iran
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517789971, Iran
- Omid Fertility & Infertility Clinic, Hamedan, 6516796198, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Asgari
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 88770048, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525, Iran
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Yao T, Weng X, Liang W, Li W, Wu W, Li F. Differences of the anti-oxidative capability, GPX3, and Cu/ZnSOD expression in Hu sheep testis with different size at six-month-old. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3555-3563. [PMID: 36794388 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2176317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the differences in the anti-oxidant capabilities and related gene expressions of six-month-old Hu sheep with different testis sizes. A total of 201 Hu ram lambs were fed up to 6 months in the same environment. Based on their testis weight and sperm count, 18 individuals were selected and divided into large (n = 9) and small (n = 9) groups, with an average testis weight of 158.67 g ± 5.21 g and 44.58 g ± 4.14 g, respectively. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in testis tissue were tested. The localization of antioxidant-related genes, GPX3 and Cu/ZnSOD in testis were detected by immunohistochemistry. The GPX3, Cu/ZnSOD expression, and relative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Compared with the small group, the T-AOC (2.69 ± 0.47 vs. 1.16 ± 0.22 U/mgprot) and T-SOD (22.35 ± 2.59 vs. 9.92 ± 1.62 U/mgprot) in the large group were significantly higher, whereas the MDA (0.72 ± 0.13 vs. 1.34 ± 0.17 nM/mgprot) and relative mtDNA copy number in the large group was significantly lower (p < .05). Immunohistochemistry results indicated that the GPX3 and Cu/ZnSOD were expressed in Leydig cells and seminiferous tubule. The expressions of GPX3 and Cu/ZnSOD mRNA in the large group were significantly higher than those in the small group (p < .05). In conclusion, Cu/ZnSOD and GPX3 widely expressed in the Leydig cells and seminiferous tubule, high expression of Cu/ZnSOD and GPX3 in a large group has a higher potential in addressing oxidative stress and contribute to spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yao
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Liang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool Sheep & Cashmere Goat, Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fadi Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Gansu Runmu Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, Yongchang, People's Republic of China
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Mehdinezhad Roshan M, Azizi H. Advanced isolation, expansion and characterization research study on pig testicular cells during differentiation and proliferation. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3700-3707. [PMID: 37139746 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2206862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is the complex process of sperm production to transmit paternal genetic information to the subsequent generation. This process is determined by the collaboration of several germ and somatic cells, most importantly spermatogonia stem cells and Sertoli cells. To characterize germ and somatic cells in the tubule seminiferous contort in pig and consequently has an impact on the analysis of pig fertility. Germ cells were extracted from pig testis by enzymatic digestion before being expanded on Sandos inbred mice (SIM) embryo-derived thioguanine and ouabain resistant fibroblasts (STO) feeder layer supplemented with FGF, EGF, and GDNF. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis for Sox9, Vimentin, and PLZF markers were performed to examine the generated colonies of pig testicular cells. Electron microscopy was also utilized to analyze the morphological features of the extracted pig germ cells. IHC analysis revealed that Sox9 and Vimentin were expressed in the basal compartment of the seminiferous tubules. Moreover, ICC results showed that the cells have low expression of PLZF while expressing Vimentin. The heterogeneity of the in vitro cultured cells was detected via morphological analysis by the electron microscope. In this experimental study, we tried to reveal exclusive information which obviously could be helpful for future success in the achievement of proper therapies against infertility and sterility as an important global issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mehdinezhad Roshan
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Department of nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
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Ning W, Liao X, Dong X, Wang Y, Yang X, Xu J, Yi S, Yang Z. Protective effect of astragaloside IV on cadmium-induced spermatogenesis microenvironment damage in rats. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2021; 68:203-212. [PMID: 34711125 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2021.1983888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The previous study using Sertoli cells cultured in vitro has shown that the protective effects of astragaloside IV (AsIV) on cadmium (Cd)-induced damage to Sertoli cells and its membrane proteins. Yet, it is not known if AsIV has an equivalent effect on Cd-induced damage to the spermatogenesis microenvironment in rats. Using an in vivo model, Cd-induced damage to the spermatogenesis microenvironment and the protective effects of AsIV were studied. Eighteen male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6/group): Cd group, Cd&AsIV group, and control group. Cd was administered to the rats in the Cd group via i.p. at 1 mg/kg body weight once daily, Cd and AsIV was administered to the rats in the Cd&AsIV group via i.p. at 1 mg/kg body weight and 10 mg/kg body weight respectively once daily, and the same volume of saline was administered to the rats in control group via i.p. once daily. The rats in the three groups were injected continuously for 5 days. Vesicular formation in the seminiferous tubules was observed in the Cd treatment group. The average optical density of claudin-11, zonal occludin-1 (ZO-1), and connexin 43 (Cx43) decreased significantly in the Cd treatment group. The ultrastructural damage of the Sertoli cells and tight junctions were also observed by electron microscopy. AsIV treatment rescued the morphologic changes of the seminiferous tubules of the testis and the ultrastructural damage of the Sertoli cells and tight junctions. The average optical density of claudin-11, ZO-1, and Cx43 also increased significantly after AsIV treatment. Cd damages the spermatogenesis microenvironment in rats, which can be rescued by AsIV treatment. These results illustrate that AsIV may also have a protective effect on Cd-induced damage to the spermatogenesis microenvironment in rats.Abbreviations: AsIV: astragaloside IV; Cd: cadmium; SD: Sprague Dawley; ZO-1: zonal occludin-1; Cx43: connexin 43; BTB: blood-testis barrier; MAPKs: mitogen-activated protein kinases; OSP: oligodendrocyte-specific protein; Cxs: connexins; GJIC: gap junctional intercellular communication; ROS: reactive oxygen species; MDA: malondialdehyde; TGF: tumor growth factor; PBS: phosphate buffer saline; BSA: bovine serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ning
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaogang Liao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyou Dong
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangcai Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingliang Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanhong Yi
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Nakata H, Iseki S, Mizokami A. Three-dimensional reconstruction of testis cords/ seminiferous tubules. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:402-409. [PMID: 34646067 PMCID: PMC8499590 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the development of novel equipment for the acquisition of two-dimensional serial images and software capable of displaying three-dimensional (3D) images from serial images, the accurate 3D reconstruction of organs and tissues has become possible. METHODS Based on published studies, this review summarizes techniques for the 3D reconstruction of the testis cords/seminiferous tubules, with special reference to our method using serial paraffin sections and 3D visualization software. MAIN FINDINGS The testes of mice, rats, and hamsters of various ages were 3D reconstructed and species and age differences in the structures of the testis cords/seminiferous tubules were analyzed. Our method is advantageous because conventional paraffin-embedded normal and pathological specimens may be utilized for the 3D analysis without the need for complicated and expensive equipment. CONCLUSION By further decreasing the time and labor required for the procedure and adding information on molecular localization, the technique for 3D reconstruction will contribute to the elucidation of not only the structures, but also the functions of various organs, including the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nakata
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa University Kanazawa Japan
| | - Shoichi Iseki
- Department of Clinical Engineering Faculty of Health Sciences Komatsu University Komatsu Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizokami
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa Japan
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Sozen E, Demirel-Yalciner T, Koroglu MK, Elmas MA, Ercan F, Ozer NK. High cholesterol diet activates ER stress mediated apoptosis in testes tissue: Role of α-tocopherol. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:85-92. [PMID: 34350697 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The seminiferous tubules where spermatogenesis occurs are enveloped and protected by the Sertoli cells to support germ cells undergoing meiosis to produce haploid gametes. Clearly, induction of apoptosis in seminiferous tubules leads to abnormalities in spermatogenesis and male infertility. Studies demonstrated that increased hyperlipidemia impairs male infertility and spermatogenesis by enhancing seminiferous tubules apoptosis. However, molecular mechanisms underlying high-cholesterol-mediated testicular damage remain poorly elucidated. In this scope, we established a rabbit model and investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on high cholesterol diet induced seminiferous tubule apoptosis. Histopatological examinations revealed increased seminifer tubule apoptosis in testes of rabbits fed high cholesterol diet. In addition, phosphorylated forms of IRE1 and PERK, two well-identified markers of ER stress, were significantly induced in accordance with high cholesterol diet. High cholesterol diet also exhibited CHOP induction in testes, indicating increased ER stress related apoptosis. Supplementation of α-tocopherol significantly attenuated cholesterol mediated ER stress, and restored seminiferous tubules apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that α-tocopherol might be capable to reduce testicular damage via ameliorating histopatological features and inhibiting seminiferous tubules apoptosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdi Sozen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - M Kutay Koroglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Acikel Elmas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feriha Ercan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Kartal Ozer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Nakata H, Omotehara T, Itoh M, Iseki S, Mizokami A. Three-dimensional structure of testis cords in mice and rats. Andrology 2021; 9:1911-1922. [PMID: 34128333 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testis cord elongation and coiling, which occur in the final stage of testis formation, have been attributed to Sertoli cell proliferation; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to clarify the precise three-dimensional structure of testis cords in the final stage of testis formation in mice and rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reconstructed whole testis cords in the final stage of testis formation in mice (on embryonic days 15.5 and 18.5) and rats (on embryonic days 16.5 and 19.5) using serial paraffin sections and high-performance three-dimensional reconstruction software. RESULTS Detailed morphometric parameters were calculated for three-dimensionally reconstructed testis cords in six mouse and rat testes each. The mean numbers of testis cords in mice and rats were 12.7 and 27.8, respectively. The mean number of branching points per testis cord was 1.52 in mice, whereas it was only 0.30 in rats. In contrast, the mean ratio of the inner cords, that is, cords not in contact with the tunica albuginea, was 23.0% in rats, whereas it was only 6.5% in mice. In both species, the cords on the cranial side coiled more strongly than those on the caudal side, consistent with the greater expansion of the testis volume on the caudal side. All cords formed right-handed helices from the rete testis side. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that testis cords undergo anastomosis at a higher frequency in mice than in rats and that the coiling of testis cords proceeds from the cranial to caudal side of the testis in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nakata
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Itoh
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichi Iseki
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizokami
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Nakata H, Nakano T, Iseki S, Mizokami A. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Busulfan-Induced Spermatogenesis Disorder in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:609278. [PMID: 33392198 PMCID: PMC7773783 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.609278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined if the distribution of impaired or normal spermatogenesis differs along the length of seminiferous tubules in disorders of spermatogenesis. For this purpose, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of seminiferous tubules was performed in mice with experimental spermatogenesis disorder induced by intraperitoneal injection of busulfan, and the areas of impaired and normal spermatogenesis were analyzed microscopically. The volume of the testis and length of seminiferous tubules decreased, and the proportion of tubule areas with impaired spermatogenesis increased depending on the dose of busulfan. With the highest dose of busulfan, although the proportion of impaired spermatogenesis was similar among individual seminiferous tubules, it was slightly but significantly higher in shorter tubules and in tubule areas near branching points. The tubule areas with impaired and normal spermatogenesis consisted of many segments of varying lengths. With increasing doses of busulfan, the markedly impaired segments increased in length without changing in number, whereas normal segments, although reduced in number and length, remained even with the highest dose of busulfan. Individual remaining normal segments consisted of several different stages, among which stage I and XII were found at higher frequencies, and stage VI at a lower frequency than expected in normal seminiferous tubules. We also examined if the distribution of impaired or normal spermatogenesis differs among different 3D positions in the testis without considering the course of seminiferous tubules. Although the proportions of impaired spermatogenesis with the minimum dose of busulfan and normal spermatogenesis with the highest dose of busulfan greatly varied by location within a single testis, there were no 3D positions with these specific proportions common to different testes, suggesting that the factors influencing the severity of busulfan-induced spermatogenesis disorder are not fixed in location among individual mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nakata
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taito Nakano
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shoichi Iseki
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizokami
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Gul M, Hildorf S, Dong L, Thorup J, Hoffmann ER, Jensen CFS, Sønksen J, Cortes D, Fedder J, Andersen CY, Goossens E. Review of injection techniques for spermatogonial stem cell transplantation. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:368-391. [PMID: 32163572 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the prognosis of childhood cancer survivors has increased dramatically during recent years, chemotherapy and radiation treatments for cancer and other conditions may lead to permanent infertility in prepubertal boys. Recent developments have shown that spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) transplantation may be a hope for restoring fertility in adult survivors of childhood cancers. For this reason, several centres around the world are collecting and cryopreserving testicular tissue or cells anticipating that, in the near future, some patients will return for SSC transplantation. This review summarizes the current knowledge and utility of SSC transplantation techniques. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the currently used experimental injection techniques for SSC transplantation in animal and human testes. This is crucial in understanding and determining the role of the different techniques necessary for successful transplantation. SEARCH METHODS A comprehensive review of peer-reviewed publications on this topic was performed using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The search was limited to English language work and studies between 1994 (from the first study on SSC transplantation) and April 2019. Key search terms included mouse, rat, boar, ram, dog, sheep, goat, cattle, monkey, human, cadaver, testes, SSC transplantation, injection and technique. OUTCOMES This review provides an extensive clinical overview of the current research in the field of human SSC transplantation. Rete testis injection with ultrasonography guidance currently seems the most promising injection technique thus far; however, the ability to draw clear conclusions is limited due to long ischemia time of cadaver testis, the relatively decreased volume of the testis, the diminishing size of seminiferous tubules, a lack of intratesticular pressure and leakage into the interstitium during the injection on human cadaver testis. Current evidence does not support improved outcomes from multiple infusions through the rete testes. Overall, further optimization is required to increase the efficiency and safety of the infusion method. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Identifying a favourable injection method for SSC transplantation will provide insight into the mechanisms of successful assisted human reproduction. Future research could focus on reducing leakage and establishing the optimal infusion cell concentrations and pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Gul
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Urology, Selcuk University School of Medicine, 42250 Konya, Turkey
| | - Simone Hildorf
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lihua Dong
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorgen Thorup
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva R Hoffmann
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Sønksen
- Department of Urology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, 2930 Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dina Cortes
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jens Fedder
- Centre of Andrology & Fertility Clinic, Department D, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Research Unit of Human Reproduction, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellen Goossens
- Biology of the Testis, Research Laboratory for Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Crespilho AM, Ferreira CS, Bastos YHGB, Guasti PN, Nascimento JC, Guimarães KDOP, Agopian RG, Gomes GM, Peixoto KDC. Testicular needle aspiration: Is it a safe method for breeding soundness evaluation in bulls? Anim Reprod 2019; 16:880-886. [PMID: 32368267 PMCID: PMC7189565 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2019-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of successive bovine testicular punctures using different needle sizes. Fifteen bulls were submitted to testicular needle aspiration (TNA) in the left and right testis using 18-gauge (40×12mm) or 22-gauge (25×7mm) needles, respectively, once every 30 days. Animals were randomly divided into three groups, which were submitted to bilateral orchiectomy two days after the last puncture. Group 1 (G1): only one puncture (n=5); Group 2 (G2): three consecutive punctures in a period of three months (n=5); Group 3 (G3): six consecutive punctures in a period of 6 months (n=5). Fragments from the medial portion of the testicular parenchyma were excised and fixed in Bouin's fluid for histological analysis. No differences were observed in the percentage of seminiferous tubules degeneration between G1, G2 and G3 (P>0.05). Higher amounts of erythrocyte were found in G1 and G2 groups compared to G3, in the intra- and intertubular tissue (P<0.05). There was no interaction between the needle gauge and the occurrence of testicular damage in animals submitted to one (G1) or three (G2) punctures. However, a higher percentage of tubular degeneration was associated to 18-gauge compared to 22-gauge fine needles in G3. In conclusion, multiple testicular needle aspiration can be safely conducted using fine needles. Large needles are recommended only for a single TNA, since multiple punctures may result in increased tubular degeneration and compromise testicular architecture and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Maciel Crespilho
- Universidade Santo Amaro, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária e Bem-Estar Animal, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade de Vassouras, Vassouras, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cristiano Silva Ferreira
- Universidade Santo Amaro, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária e Bem-Estar Animal, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade de Vassouras, Vassouras, RJ, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafael Garabet Agopian
- Universidade Santo Amaro, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária e Bem-Estar Animal, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Kleber da Cunha Peixoto
- Universidade Santo Amaro, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária e Bem-Estar Animal, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Utomo B, Daningtia NR, Yuliani GA, Yuniarti WM. Effects of a standardized 40% ellagic acid pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) extract on seminiferous tubule histopathology, diameter, and epithelium thickness in albino Wistar rats after heat exposure. Vet World 2019; 12:1261-1265. [PMID: 31641306 PMCID: PMC6755400 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1261-1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: It has long been known that the spermatogenic tissue is very sensitive to temperatures higher than its physiologic temperature and causing cessation of activity and resulting in sterility. This study investigated the effect of a standardized 40% ellagic acid extract of pomegranate on the histopathology, diameter, and epithelial thickness of seminiferous tubules in albino rats exposed to heat. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five male albino Wistar rats were randomized at 7-8 months of age to five treatment groups. Group C was not treated; Group T0 was treated with 0.5% of Na carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 2 ml/day and exposed to heat. T1, T2, and T3 were treated with 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day of a standardized 40% ellagic acid extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), respectively. The animals were orally administered Na CMC or pomegranate extract and were exposed to sunlight for 15 min at 40°C-42°C for 14 days. The animals were sacrificed on day 15 and the testes were removed for histological evaluation and measurement of seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelium thickness. Results: The diameter of seminiferous tubules from rats exposed to heat and treated with 300 mg/kg/day pomegranate extract was larger and the epithelia thicker than those in the other groups (p<0.05). The protective effects of the standardized 40% ellagic acid extract may have been mediated by its antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Compared with controls, administration of 300 mg/kg/day of a standardized 40% ellagic acid extract of P. granatum L. for 14 days increased seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelium thickness in albino Wistar rats exposed to heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budi Utomo
- Department of Reproduction Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C Unair, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Nurfitri Rahmah Daningtia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C Unair, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Gandul Atik Yuliani
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C Unair, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Wiwik Misaco Yuniarti
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C Unair, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Bhanmeechao C, Srisuwatanasagul S, Ponglowhapan S. Age-related changes in interstitial fibrosis and germ cell degeneration of the canine testis. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 53 Suppl 3:37-43. [PMID: 30474336 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-five healthy medium-sized dogs were divided into four groups; young (1-3 years old, n = 14), adult (>3 to 6 years old, n = 12), old (>6 to 9 years old, n = 14) and senile (>9 years old, n = 15). After routine orchiectomy, testes were collected, and the degree of white streak areas on cut surfaces was subjectively assessed. Later, testicular tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome for evaluation of germ cell degeneration and the proportion of interstitial connective tissue, respectively. Semiquantitative severity scoring of germ cell degeneration and quantitative analysis of spermatogenic cells for spermatic index (SI) and Sertoli cell index (SEI) was performed. The score of white streak on cut surface area of the testes increased with age, being higher (p < 0.05) in senile dogs than other age groups; no difference was found between adult and old dogs. The proportion of testicular interstitial fibrosis was highest (p < 0.05) in senile dogs. Positive correlations between age and white streak area (rho = 0.77, p < 0.01) as well as age and interstitial fibrosis (rho = 0.63, p < 0.01) were observed. The severity of germ cell degeneration gradually increased with age and differed among age groups (p < 0.05). Age positively correlated with atrophy of seminiferous tubules (rho = 0.93, p < 0.01). The SI was lower (p < 0.05) in senile dogs compared to other age groups, and SI was not different among young, adult and old dogs. Conversely, SEI was significantly higher in senile dogs compared to young, adult and old dogs. A negative correlation between age and SI (rho = -0.69) and a positive correlation between age and SEI (rho = 0.68) were significant (p < 0.01). In conclusion, influence of age on testicular interstitial fibrosis and germ cell degeneration/depletion were pronounced in dogs over 9 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cholayuth Bhanmeechao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Research unit of Obstetrics and Reproduction in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sayamon Srisuwatanasagul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suppawiwat Ponglowhapan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Research unit of Obstetrics and Reproduction in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Krishna H, Changil A, Srinivas M, Roy TS, Jacob TG. Ultrastructural Study of Rat Testis Following Conventional Phototherapy during Neonatal Period. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2018; 6:205-211. [PMID: 30464894 PMCID: PMC6206757 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_17_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Phototherapy is the most common treatment for neonatal jaundice. This study sought to determine ultrastructural changes in testis, at different time-points, after 48 hours of conventional phototherapy was given to newborn rats. Methods Newborn male Wistar rats (n = 36) were divided into two groups as follows - group 1 (G1), control (without phototherapy) and group 2 (G2), exposure to conventional phototherapy for 48 h. Six animals from each group were sacrificed on postnatal days (PND) 70, 100 and 130. The testes were dissected out and processed for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Results TEM showed that G2 on PND 70 and 100 showed damaged organelles, including nuclei, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles and electron dense bodies in the testes. Seminiferous Tubule on PND130 showed lesser damage. On PND70 ST wall thickness (STWT) of G2 was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than G1 STWT of G2 was significantly lower than G1 on PND100 (P = 0.047) and on PND130 (P < 0.001). Mitochondrial diameter in spermatogonia was significantly higher in G2 on PND70 (P = 0.001), PND100 (P = 0.031) and PND130 (P = 0.028). Primary spermatocytes in G2 also had larger mitochondria on PND70 (P < 0.001), PND100 (P = 0.007) and PND130 (P = 0.008). Further, spermatids had larger mitochondria in G2 on PND70 (P < 0.001), PND100 (P = 0.044) and PND130 (P < 0.001). Conclusion Phototherapy causes degenerative changes in rat testis on PND70 and 100 that partially recover by PND 130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hare Krishna
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Asha Changil
- Department of Anatomy, Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M Srinivas
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Tara Sankar Roy
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tony George Jacob
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Park S, Kim YJ, Kim MS, Kim HS, Kim MW, Kang YM, Lee SK, Choi KC, Kim N, Gimm YM, Kim YW. The effect of 20-week continuous 60 Hz magnetic field exposure on testicular function in sprague-dawley rats. Bioelectromagnetics 2018; 39:539-546. [PMID: 30289990 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence does not yet confirm the effect of power line frequency magnetic field (MF) on human health and fertility. We recently reported that, at continuous 60 Hz MF exposure in mice, the dose given as magnetic flux density (tesla; T) and duration of exposure was related to induce testicular germ cell apoptosis. We aimed to characterize the effect of a 20-week continuous exposure to 60 Hz MF on the motility, morphology, and number of sperm as well as the apoptosis of testicular germ cell in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 20 weeks to 60 Hz MF of 2, 20, or 200 μT for 24 h/day with rats exposed to sham conditions, serving as the control. The exposure to 60 Hz MF of 2 and 20 μT had no effects on testicular in this study. The exposure to 60 Hz MF of 200 μT for 20 weeks induced increases of the apoptotic cells (P < 0.001) in germ cells and decreases of sperm numbers (P < 0.05). However, the MF did not significantly affect the body or testis mass, seminiferous tubule diameter, or the motility or morphology of sperm. This study concluded that exposure to 60 Hz MF of 200 μT can increase testicular germ cell apoptosis, especially spermatogonia, and reduce sperm count. Also compared to previous mice studies, rats are less sensitive than mice to exposure to 60 Hz MF. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:539-546, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungman Park
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Min Soo Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Min-Woo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Kang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Kon Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Chan Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chuncheon Sacred Hospital Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Nam Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Youn-Myoung Gimm
- School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dankook University, Yong-In, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Won Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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15
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Mogaddami Z, Sheikhzadeh F, Hatami H, Khojasteh SMB, Khajehnasiri N, Hemmati ARA, Dastranj A. Effects of short- and long-term regular exercise on reproductive tissue in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Endocr Regul 2018; 52:167-75. [PMID: 31517613 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2018-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reproductive disorders are one of the complications of diabetes mellitus. Since conflicting results have been obtained from different studies, which examined serum levels of cytokines in patients with diabetes, and considering the fact that the origin of cytokines cannot be accurately determined from their serum changes, attempts were made in the present study to study histological changes and testicular tissue levels of TNF-α and IL-1 in rats treated with exercise. Considering the effects of exercise in reducing blood sugar level and its complications, two types of short-term and long-term regular exercises were also considered to evaluate their effects on male reproductive tissues. METHODS In this study, 60 male rats with the weight range of 250±50 g were used and were randomly divided into six groups (10 rats each). Healthy groups included sedentary control group, and groups treated with two and eight weeks of exercise. Rats with type 1 diabetes (induced by streptozotocin) included sedentary control group, groups treated with two and eight weeks of exercise (six groups). All groups were evaluated in terms of testicular tissue levels of TNF-α and IL-1 using ELISA and the histometry of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, Sertoli cells, epithelial thickness, diameter of veins, and thickness of the seminiferous tubule. RESULTS Histological changes resulting from diabetes, particularly in the diameter of testicular veins and a number of cells, including Sertoli, highlights the important fact that tissue perfusion in patients with diabetes is especially crucial, in a way that exercise proved useful for tissue structures by offsetting this complication. Measurement of the cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α in the current study showed that perfusion problems are more important in diabetic complications than inflammatory factors. CONCLUSIONS The main result of this research is recommendation of investigating the tissue of interest for diagnosis of diabetes complications, measuring inflammatory mediators of tissue rather than evaluating their serum concentrations, and focusing on vascular complications as a major complication of diabetes. Furthermore, regular exercise could help improve the function of reproductive organs in healthy groups and prevent diabetes infertility complications to an acceptable degree in diabetic groups.
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Yang CC, Chen YT, Chen CH, Chiang JY, Zhen YY, Yip HK. Assessment of doxorubicin-induced mouse testicular damage by the novel second-harmonic generation microscopy. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:5275-5288. [PMID: 29312482 PMCID: PMC5752880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules, maintaining a non-linear structure, are suitable for direct observation in living mammalian by second-harmonic imaging microscopy (SHIM) (a new kind of confocal microscopies). Testes constituted by vast seminiferous microtubules (SM), serve as good candidates for visualization by SHIM. This study employs the SHIM and Western-blot (WB) to assess the cellular-molecular levels of doxorubicin (Dox)-induced mouse testicular damage. The SHIM examination was able to clearly identify the integrity of normal architecture of the living mouse testis, namely, the anatomical features of SM, smooth muscle wall of SM, manchette microtubules, exoplasmic microtubules in Sertoli cells and interstitial connective tissue, as well as the destructive feature of SM in Dox-treated mice (n = 6 per group). By day 21 after Dox-treatment, the testicular weight and testicular length were significantly progressively decreased as Dox dosage was stepwise increased, i.e., 0/5/10/15/20 mg/kg/body-weight (BW) (all p<0.0001). The cross-section area of SM was significantly lower in Dox-treated (15 mg/kg-BW) mice than that in controls (p<0.001). The protein expression of vimentin was significantly progressively increased whereas the protein expression of β-tubulin/androgen-receptor was significantly progressively decreased in stepwise increased Dox dosage (all p<0.001). The protein expressions of inflammatory (MMP-9/IL-1β/TNF-α/iNOX), oxidative-stress (NOX-1/NOX-2/NOX-4/oxidized protein), apoptotic (mitochondrial-Bax/cleaved-caspase-3/PARP), fibrotic (Smad3/TGF-ß) mitochondrial/DNA-damaged (cytosolic cytochrome-C/γ-H2AX/ATM/KU70), and cell apoptotic/death (PTEN/p53) biomarkers were significantly higher in Dox-treated (15 mg/kg-BW) group than those in controls (all p<0.001). In conlusion, the dose-dependent Dox-caused mouse testicular damage can be not only detected by WB in molecular level but also clearly identified by SHIM in living mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chao Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Yen-Ta Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Chih-Hung Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - John Y Chiang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen UniversityKaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Yen-Yi Zhen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Hon-Kan Yip
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Department of Nursing, Asia UniversityTaichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Gao Y, Cheng CY. Does cell polarity matter during spermatogenesis? Spermatogenesis 2016; 6:e1218408. [PMID: 27635303 DOI: 10.1080/21565562.2016.1218408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell polarity is crucial to development since apico-basal polarity conferred by the 3 polarity protein modules (or complexes) is essential during embryogenesis, namely the Par (partition defective)-, the CRB (Crumbs)-, and the Scribble-based polarity protein modules. While these protein complexes and their component proteins have been extensively studied in Drosophila and C. elegans and also other mammalian tissues and/or cells, their presence and physiological significance in the testis remain unexplored until the first paper on the Par-based protein published in 2008. Since then, the Par-, the Scribble- and the CRB-based protein complexes and their component proteins in the testis have been studied. These proteins are known to confer Sertoli and spermatid polarity in the seminiferous epithelium, and they are also integrated components of the tight junction (TJ) and the basal ectoplasmic specialization (ES) at the Sertoli cell-cell interface near the basement membrane, which in turn constitute the blood-testis barrier (BTB). These proteins are also found at the apical ES at the Sertoli-spermatid interface. Thus, these polarity proteins also play a significant role in regulating Sertoli and spermatid adhesion in the testis through their actions on actin-based cytoskeletal function. Recent studies have shown that these polarity proteins are having antagonistic effects on the BTB integrity in which the Par6- and CRB3-based polarity complexes promotes the integrity of the Sertoli cell TJ-permeability barrier, whereas the Scribble-based complex promotes restructuring/remodeling of the Sertoli TJ-barrier function. Herein, we carefully evaluate these findings and provide a hypothetic model regarding their role in the testis in the context of the functions of these polarity proteins in other epithelia, so that better experiments can be designed in future studies to explore their significance in spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, NY, USA
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, NY, USA
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18
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Maher GJ, McGowan SJ, Giannoulatou E, Verrill C, Goriely A, Wilkie AO. Visualizing the origins of selfish de novo mutations in individual seminiferous tubules of human testes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:2454-9. [PMID: 26858415 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521325113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo point mutations arise predominantly in the male germline and increase in frequency with age, but it has not previously been possible to locate specific, identifiable mutations directly within the seminiferous tubules of human testes. Using microdissection of tubules exhibiting altered expression of the spermatogonial markers MAGEA4, FGFR3, and phospho-AKT, whole genome amplification, and DNA sequencing, we establish an in situ strategy for discovery and analysis of pathogenic de novo mutations. In 14 testes from men aged 39-90 y, we identified 11 distinct gain-of-function mutations in five genes (fibroblast growth factor receptors FGFR2 and FGFR3, tyrosine phosphatase PTPN11, and RAS oncogene homologs HRAS and KRAS) from 16 of 22 tubules analyzed; all mutations have known associations with severe diseases, ranging from congenital or perinatal lethal disorders to somatically acquired cancers. These results support proposed selfish selection of spermatogonial mutations affecting growth factor receptor-RAS signaling, highlight its prevalence in older men, and enable direct visualization of the microscopic anatomy of elongated mutant clones.
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Liu YF, Di L, Osterberg EC, He L, Li PS, Li Z. Use of Raman spectroscopy to identify active spermatogenesis and Sertoli-cell-only tubules in mice. Andrologia 2016; 48:1086-1091. [PMID: 26804545 DOI: 10.1111/and.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) has become the first line therapy to harvest spermatozoa for men with nonobstructive azoospermia. However, the pitfall is that the selection of seminiferous tubules depends on subjective assessment of the colour and size of tubules, which cannot guarantee successful retrieval of spermatozoa. The aim of this study was to determine whether Raman spectroscopy (RS) could distinguish tubules with spermatogenesis from Sertoli-cell-only (SCO) tubules, and potentially serve as a useful tool to improve sperm retrieval rates. Fourteen male adult mice were divided into two groups: SCO group received a single intraperitoneal injection of busulfan (40 mg per kg body weight), and the control group received a placebo dose of 0.9% saline solution. Mice were sacrificed after 4 weeks, and the testicular tissue was assessed by RS and then confirmed with histopathology. The results indicated that tubules with spermatogenesis had intensified Raman peaks at 748, 1124, 1309, 1446 and 1658 cm-1 compared to SCO tubules, except a decreased peak at 1582 cm-1 . RS was able to distinguish the two groups with a sensitivity of 91.2% and specificity of 82.9%. In conclusion, RS may serve as a useful diagnostic tool prior to sperm retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Di
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - E C Osterberg
- Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery, Department of Urology, Cornell Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - L He
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - P S Li
- Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery, Department of Urology, Cornell Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Z Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Moon JH, Yoo DY, Jo YK, Kim GA, Jung HY, Choi JH, Hwang IK, Jang G. Unilateral cryptorchidism induces morphological changes of testes and hyperplasia of Sertoli cells in a dog. Lab Anim Res 2014; 30:185-9. [PMID: 25628730 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2014.30.4.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptorchidism is one of the most common genital defects in dogs. This study investigated the effects of abdominal cryptorchidism on morphology, cell proliferation, and Sertoli cell condition in a dog with spontaneous unilateral cryptorchidism. Elective orchidectomy was performed on the abdominal right testis and the scrotal left testis. Significant reductions in numbers of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids were observed in hematoxylin and eosin stained sections of the cryptorchid testis. The size of the epididymal duct was smaller than that of the control testis. Based on Ki67 immunohistochemistry, the proliferative activity of spermatogonia and spermatocytes was significantly decreased in the cryptorchid testis. However, proliferative activity was increased in the epididymal duct. Based on GATA-4 immunohistochemistry, Sertoli cells were relatively resistant to cryptorchidism, and the proliferative activity of Sertoli cells was markedly increased in the cryptorchid testis than in the control testis. These results suggest that spontaneous unilateral cryptorchidism causes morphological defects in spermatogonia and spermatocytes in the testis and changes the size of the efferent ductule of the epididymis. In addition, spontaneous unilateral cryptorchidism increases proliferative activity of Sertoli cells, which may be a predisposing factor for Sertoli cell cancer in cryptorchid testes.
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Kim HS, Park BJ, Jang HJ, Ipper NS, Kim SH, Kim YJ, Jeon SH, Lee KS, Lee SK, Kim N, Ju YJ, Gimm YM, Kim YW. Continuous exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields induces duration- and dose-dependent apoptosis of testicular germ cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2013; 35:100-7. [PMID: 24123080 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate duration- and dose-dependent effects of continuous exposure to a 60 Hz magnetic field (MF) on the testes in mice, BALB/c male mice were exposed to a 60 Hz MF at 100 μT for 24 h a day for 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks, and at 2, 20, or 200 μT for 24 h a day for 8 weeks. Any exposures to MF did not significantly affect body or testicular masses. However, the apoptotic cells among testicular germ cells were increased duration-dependent at exposures of 100 μT for 6 and 8 weeks and dose-dependent at exposures of 20 and 200 μT for 8 weeks. The number of sperm in epididymis and the diameter of seminiferous tubule decreased in mice exposed to 100 and 200 μT for 8 weeks, respectively. To induce the apoptosis of testicular germ cell in mice, the minimum dose is 20 μT at continuous exposure to a 60 Hz MF for 8 weeks and the minimum duration is 6 weeks at continuous exposure of 100 μT. Taken together, these results suggest that continuous exposure to a 60 Hz MF might affect, duration- and dose-dependent biological processes including apoptotic cell death and spermatogenesis in the male reproductive system of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sung Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Lim JH, Choi SY, Yoo HW, Cho SJ, Son Y, Kang CJ. Crlz-1 is prominently expressed in spermatogonia and Sertoli cells during early testis development and in spermatids during late spermatogenesis. J Histochem Cytochem 2013; 61:522-8. [PMID: 23525569 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413486159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the Crlz-1 gene in mouse testis, where it was found to be expressed most highly among the tested mouse organs, was analyzed spatiotemporally by employing RT-PCR and in situ hybridization techniques with the aid of immunohistochemistry and/or immunofluorescence methods. In 1-week-old neonatal testis, Crlz-1 was strongly expressed in the spermatogonia and Sertoli cells in its seminiferous cord. In 2- to 3-week-old prepubertal testis, where Sertoli cells cease to proliferate, Crlz-1 expression dropped and remained weakly at the rim layer of seminiferous cords and/or tubules, where spermatogonia are present. In the adult testis at 12 weeks after birth, Crlz-1 was expressed mainly in the spermatids near the lumen of seminiferous tubules. In a further in situ hybridization of Crlz-1 in the 12-week-old adult testis with hematoxylin nuclear counterstaining, Crlz-1 was mainly expressed at step 16 of spermatids between stages VII and VIII of seminiferous tubules as well as in their residual bodies at stage IX of seminiferous tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Lim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea
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