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Zhang Y, Ke Y, Zheng X, Liu Q, Duan X. Correlation between genotype and phenotype in three families with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:507-514. [PMID: 28352323 PMCID: PMC5348679 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a hereditary disorder characterized by mucocutaneous pigmentations, gastrointestinal (GI) polyposis and an increased risk of certain malignancies. Little is known about the causative genes of PJS, or their association with the clinical phenotypes of PJS. The present study reports the results of clinical and genetic analysis of three Chinese families with PJS. In addition, the medical histories and clinical manifestations of these families were compared. DNA was collected from the blood samples of patients with PJS and controls. Serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11), olfactory receptor family 4 subfamily C member 45 (OR4C45) and zonadhesin (ZAN) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and analyzed by sequencing and cloning. Two PJS-affected members of one family had a de novo single base deletion (NM_000455.4:c.842delC) in the STK11 gene, and their clinical presentations reflected the quantity of mutant STK11 copies in a dose-dependent manner. No pathogenic variants of OR4C45 or ZAN were found in the patients with PJS, although a new single nucleotide polymorphism (NM_003386.2:c.5768delG) of ZAN was identified. The results of the current study identified that a STK11 mutation dose-dependent genotype-phenotype relationship exists in patients with PJS. In addition, an early onset and high severity of oral pigmentations in PJS was indicative of serious GI phenotypes. These findings may aid the diagnosis and treatment of PJS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yao Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xueni Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Liu F, Jin R, Liu X, Huang H, Wilkinson SC, Zhong D, Khuri FR, Fu H, Marcus A, He Y, Zhou W. LKB1 promotes cell survival by modulating TIF-IA-mediated pre-ribosomal RNA synthesis under uridine downregulated conditions. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2519-31. [PMID: 26506235 PMCID: PMC4823052 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the mechanism underlying 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) mediated apoptosis in LKB1-null non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Metabolic profile analysis revealed depletion of the intracellular pyrimidine pool after AICAR treatment, but uridine was the only nucleotide precursor capable of rescuing this apoptosis, suggesting the involvement of RNA metabolism. Because half of RNA transcription in cancer is for pre-ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis, which is suppressed by over 90% after AICAR treatment, we evaluated the role of TIF-IA-mediated rRNA synthesis. While the depletion of TIF-IA by RNAi alone promoted apoptosis in LKB1-null cells, the overexpression of a wild-type or a S636A TIF-IA mutant, but not a S636D mutant, attenuated AICAR-induced apoptosis. In LKB1-null H157 cells, pre-rRNA synthesis was not suppressed by AICAR when wild-type LKB1 was present, and cellular fractionation analysis indicated that TIF-IA quickly accumulated in the nucleus in the presence of a wild-type LKB1 but not a kinase-dead mutant. Furthermore, ectopic expression of LKB1 was capable of attenuating AICAR-induced death in AMPK-null cells. Because LKB1 promotes cell survival by modulating TIF-IA-mediated pre-rRNA synthesis, this discovery suggested that targeted depletion of uridine related metabolites may be exploited in the clinic to eliminate LKB1-null cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakeng Liu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiuju Liu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Henry Huang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott C Wilkinson
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Diansheng Zhong
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam Marcus
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yulong He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Richer AL, Friel JM, Carson VM, Inge LJ, Whitsett TG. Genomic profiling toward precision medicine in non-small cell lung cancer: getting beyond EGFR. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2015; 8:63-79. [PMID: 25897257 PMCID: PMC4397718 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s52845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The application of next-generation genomic technologies has offered a more comprehensive look at the mutational landscape across the different subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A number of recurrent mutations such as TP53, KRAS, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been identified in NSCLC. While targeted therapeutic successes have been demonstrated in the therapeutic targeting of EGFR and ALK, the majority of NSCLC tumors do not harbor these genomic events. This review looks at the current treatment paradigms for lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, examining genomic aberrations that dictate therapy selection, as well as novel therapeutic strategies for tumors harboring mutations in KRAS, TP53, and LKB1 which, to date, have been considered “undruggable”. A more thorough understanding of the molecular alterations that govern NSCLC tumorigenesis, aided by next-generation sequencing, will lead to targeted therapeutic options expected to dramatically reduce the high mortality rate observed in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Richer
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Friel
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Vashti M Carson
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Landon J Inge
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Timothy G Whitsett
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Kauppinen A, Suuronen T, Ojala J, Kaarniranta K, Salminen A. Antagonistic crosstalk between NF-κB and SIRT1 in the regulation of inflammation and metabolic disorders. Cell Signal. 2013;25:1939-1948. [PMID: 23770291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that the regulation of innate immunity and energy metabolism are connected together through an antagonistic crosstalk between NF-κB and SIRT1 signaling pathways. NF-κB signaling has a major role in innate immunity defense while SIRT1 regulates the oxidative respiration and cellular survival. However, NF-κB signaling can stimulate glycolytic energy flux during acute inflammation, whereas SIRT1 activation inhibits NF-κB signaling and enhances oxidative metabolism and the resolution of inflammation. SIRT1 inhibits NF-κB signaling directly by deacetylating the p65 subunit of NF-κB complex. SIRT1 stimulates oxidative energy production via the activation of AMPK, PPARα and PGC-1α and simultaneously, these factors inhibit NF-κB signaling and suppress inflammation. On the other hand, NF-κB signaling down-regulates SIRT1 activity through the expression of miR-34a, IFNγ, and reactive oxygen species. The inhibition of SIRT1 disrupts oxidative energy metabolism and stimulates the NF-κB-induced inflammatory responses present in many chronic metabolic and age-related diseases. We will examine the molecular mechanisms of the antagonistic signaling between NF-κB and SIRT1 and describe how this crosstalk controls inflammatory process and energy metabolism. In addition, we will discuss how disturbances in this signaling crosstalk induce the appearance of chronic inflammation in metabolic diseases.
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