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Allahyari P, Abbas Torki S, Aminnezhad Kavkani B, Mahmoudi Z, Mousavi Hoseini MS, Moradi M, Alami F, Keshavarz Mohammadian M, Bahoo Sele Bani S, Abbasi Mobarakeh K, Shafaei H, Khoshdooz S, Hajipour A, Doaei S, Gholamalizadeh M. A systematic review of the beneficial effects of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on ADHD. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2024. [PMID: 38623929 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may benefit from probiotics and prebiotics, but the effects are unclear. To determine whether probiotics and prebiotics affect children with ADHD, a systematic review was conducted. METHODS The present systematic review analyzed cohort studies and randomized controlled trials that examined whether prebiotics and probiotics are associated with ADHD. Seven randomized controlled trials and two cohort studies met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS Research on Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) probiotic supplementation showed that children with ADHD had better emotional, physical, social, and school functioning, and a higher health-related quality of life compared to the placebo group. The studies also showed that Synbiotic 2000 reduces markers of intestinal and vascular inflammation in children with ADHD, in part through increasing SCFA levels. CONCLUSION The use of probiotics and prebiotics as adjuvants therapy in patients with ADHD is beneficial. Further studies with longer duration, including more participants and a variety of age groups, and using various evaluation techniques such as in vivo observation are required to examine the effects of prebiotics and probiotics on ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooneh Allahyari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saheb Abbas Torki
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Mahmoudi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Moradi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Alami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | | | - Khadijeh Abbasi Mobarakeh
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Shafaei
- Shahid Beheshti College of Midwifery, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sara Khoshdooz
- Shahid Beheshti College of Midwifery, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hajipour
- School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Al-Zahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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