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Zhang H, Demirer GS, Zhang H, Ye T, Goh NS, Aditham AJ, Cunningham FJ, Fan C, Landry MP. DNA nanostructures coordinate gene silencing in mature plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:7543-7548. [PMID: 30910954 PMCID: PMC6462094 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818290116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of biomolecules to plants relies on Agrobacterium infection or biolistic particle delivery, the former of which is amenable only to DNA delivery. The difficulty in delivering functional biomolecules such as RNA to plant cells is due to the plant cell wall, which is absent in mammalian cells and poses the dominant physical barrier to biomolecule delivery in plants. DNA nanostructure-mediated biomolecule delivery is an effective strategy to deliver cargoes across the lipid bilayer of mammalian cells; however, nanoparticle-mediated delivery without external mechanical aid remains unexplored for biomolecule delivery across the cell wall in plants. Herein, we report a systematic assessment of different DNA nanostructures for their ability to internalize into cells of mature plants, deliver siRNAs, and effectively silence a constitutively expressed gene in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. We show that nanostructure internalization into plant cells and corresponding gene silencing efficiency depends on the DNA nanostructure size, shape, compactness, stiffness, and location of the siRNA attachment locus on the nanostructure. We further confirm that the internalization efficiency of DNA nanostructures correlates with their respective gene silencing efficiencies but that the endogenous gene silencing pathway depends on the siRNA attachment locus. Our work establishes the feasibility of biomolecule delivery to plants with DNA nanostructures and both details the design parameters of importance for plant cell internalization and also assesses the impact of DNA nanostructure geometry for gene silencing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Gozde S Demirer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Honglu Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Tianzheng Ye
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Natalie S Goh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Abhishek J Aditham
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Francis J Cunningham
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Markita P Landry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
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Supanc HRH, Gorman S, Tuan RS. Traumatized muscle-derived multipotent progenitor cells recruit endothelial cells through vascular endothelial growth factor-A action. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 11:3038-3047. [PMID: 28078807 DOI: 10.1002/term.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traumatized muscle, such as that debrided from blast injury sites, is considered a promising and convenient tissue source for multipotent progenitor cells (MPCs), a population of adult mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells. The present study aimed to assess the regenerative therapeutic potential of human traumatized muscle-derived MPCs, e.g., for injury repair in the blast-traumatized extremity, by comparing their pro-angiogenic potential in vitro and capillary recruitment activity in vivo to those of MSCs isolated from human bone marrow, a widely-used tissue source. MPCs were tested for their direct and indirect effects on human microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro. The findings reported here showed that MPC-conditioned culture medium (MPC-CM), like MSC-CM, promoted EC-cord network branching. Silent (si)RNA-mediated silencing of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression in MPCs attenuated this effect. In a chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane in vivo angiogenesis assay, MPCs encapsulated in photocrosslinked gelatin scaffold recruited blood vessels more efficiently than either MSCs or human foreskin fibroblasts. Together, these findings support the potential application of traumatized muscle-derived MPCs in cell-based regenerative medicine therapies as a result of their influence on EC organization. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi R H Supanc
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine.,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shannon Gorman
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine.,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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