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Ma D, Wu Y, Wang C, Zhao F, Xu Z, Ni X. Characteristics of ADHD Symptoms and EEG Theta/Beta Ratio in Children With Sleep Disordered Breathing. Clin EEG Neurosci 2024:15500594241234828. [PMID: 38403954 DOI: 10.1177/15500594241234828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Objectives. This study aimed to explore parent-reported symptoms of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) theta/beta ratio (TBR) characteristics in children with sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Methods. The parents of children (aged 6-11 years) with SDB (n = 103) and healthy controls (n = 28) completed the SNAP-IV questionnaire, and children underwent overnight polysomnography. Children with SDB were grouped according to obstructive apnea/hypopnea index: primary snoring, mild, and moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) groups. The TBR in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) periods in three sleep cycles was analyzed. Results. Children with SDB showed worse ADHD symptoms compared with the healthy control. There was no intergroup difference in TBR. The time-related decline in TBR observed in the control, primary snoring and mild OSA groups, which was not observed in the moderate-severe OSA group. Overnight transcutaneous oxygen saturation was negatively associated with the hyperactivity/impulsivity score of ADHD symptom. The global TBR during the NREM period in the first sleep cycle was positively correlated with inattention score. Conclusion. Children with SDB showed more ADHD inattention symptoms than the healthy control. Although we found no difference in TBR among groups, we found significant main effect for NREM period. There existed a relationship between hypoxia, TBR, and scores of ADHD symptoms. Hence, it was speculated that TBR can reflect the nocturnal electrophysiological manifestations in children with SDB, which may be related to daytime ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandi Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxiao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Changming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fujun Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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Li J, You J, Yin G, Xu J, Zhang Y, Yuan X, Chen Q, Ye J. Electroencephalography Theta/Beta Ratio Decreases in Patients with Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1021-1030. [PMID: 35669412 PMCID: PMC9165653 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s357722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Accumulating evidence suggests that theta/beta ratio (TBR), an electroencephalographic (EEG) frequency band parameter, might serve as an objective marker of executive cognitive control in healthy adults. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a detrimental impact on patients' behavior and cognitive performance while whether TBR is different in OSA population has not been reported. This study aimed to explore the difference in relative EEG spectral power and TBR during sleep between patients with severe OSA and non-OSA groups. Patients and Methods 142 participants with in-laboratory nocturnal PSG recording were included, among which 100 participants suffered severe OSA (apnea hypopnea index, AHI > 30 events/hour; OSA group) and 42 participants had no OSA (AHI ≤ 5 events/h; control group). The fast Fourier transformation was used to compute the EEG power spectrum for total sleep duration within contiguous 30-second epochs of sleep. The demographic and polysomnographic characteristics, relative EEG spectral power and TBR of the two groups were compared. Results It was found that the beta band power during NREM sleep and total sleep was significantly higher in the OSA group than controls (p < 0.001, p = 0.012, respectively), and the theta band power during NREM sleep and total sleep was significantly lower in the OSA group than controls (p = 0.019, p = 0.014, respectively). TBR during NREM sleep, REM sleep and total sleep was significantly lower in the OSA group compared to the control group (p < 0.001 for NREM sleep and total sleep, p = 0.015 for REM sleep). TBR was negatively correlated with AHI during NREM sleep (r=-0.324, p < 0.001) and total sleep (r=-0. 312, p < 0.001). Conclusion TBR was significantly decreased in severe OSA patients compared to the controls, which was attributed to both increased beta power and decreased theta power. TBR may be a stable EEG-biomarker of OSA patients, which may accurately and reliably identify phenotype of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Otorhinopharyngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyuan You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Yin
- Department of Otorhinopharyngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinkun Xu
- Department of Otorhinopharyngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhuan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinopharyngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Yuan
- Department of Otorhinopharyngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Otorhinopharyngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingying Ye
- Department of Otorhinopharyngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Laxminarayan S, Wang C, Ramakrishnan S, Oyama T, Cashmere JD, Germain A, Reifman J. Alterations in sleep electroencephalography synchrony in combat-exposed veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Sleep 2021; 43:5714726. [PMID: 31971594 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We assessed whether the synchrony between brain regions, analyzed using electroencephalography (EEG) signals recorded during sleep, is altered in subjects with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and whether the results are reproducible across consecutive nights and subpopulations of the study. METHODS A total of 78 combat-exposed veteran men with (n = 31) and without (n = 47) PTSD completed two consecutive laboratory nights of high-density EEG recordings. We computed a measure of synchrony for each EEG channel-pair across three sleep stages (rapid eye movement [REM] and non-REM stages 2 and 3) and six frequency bands. We examined the median synchrony in 9 region-of-interest (ROI) pairs consisting of 6 bilateral brain regions (left and right frontal, central, and parietal regions) for 10 frequency-band and sleep-stage combinations. To assess reproducibility, we used the first 47 consecutive subjects (18 with PTSD) for initial discovery and the remaining 31 subjects (13 with PTSD) for replication. RESULTS In the discovery analysis, five alpha-band synchrony pairs during non-REM sleep were consistently larger in PTSD subjects compared with controls (effect sizes ranging from 0.52 to 1.44) across consecutive nights: two between the left-frontal and left-parietal ROIs, one between the left-central and left-parietal ROIs, and two across central and parietal bilateral ROIs. These trends were preserved in the replication set. CONCLUSION PTSD subjects showed increased alpha-band synchrony during non-REM sleep in the left frontoparietal, left centro-parietal, and inter-parietal brain regions. Importantly, these trends were reproducible across consecutive nights and subpopulations. Thus, these alterations in alpha synchrony may be discriminatory of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Laxminarayan
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, MD.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., MD
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, MD.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., MD
| | - Sridhar Ramakrishnan
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, MD.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., MD
| | - Tatsuya Oyama
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, MD.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., MD
| | - J David Cashmere
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA
| | - Anne Germain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA
| | - Jaques Reifman
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, MD
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Kurth S, Lassonde JM, Pierpoint LA, Rusterholz T, Jenni OG, McClain IJ, Achermann P, LeBourgeois MK. Development of nap neurophysiology: preliminary insights into sleep regulation in early childhood. J Sleep Res 2016; 25:646-654. [PMID: 27252144 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although all young children nap, the neurophysiological features and associated developmental trajectories of daytime sleep remain largely unknown. Longitudinal studies of napping physiology are fundamental to understanding sleep regulation during early childhood, a sensitive period in brain and behaviour development and a time when children transition from a biphasic to a monophasic sleep-wakefulness pattern. We investigated daytime sleep in eight healthy children with sleep electroencephalography (EEG) assessments at three longitudinal points: 2 years (2.5-3.0 years), 3 years (3.5-4.0 years) and 5 years (5.5-6.0 years). At each age, we measured nap EEG during three randomized conditions: after 4 h (morning nap), 7 h (afternoon nap) and 10 h (evening nap) duration of prior wakefulness. Developmental changes in sleep were most prevalent in the afternoon nap (e.g. decrease in sleep duration by 30 min from 2 to 3 years and by 20 min from 3 to 5 years). In contrast, nap sleep architecture (% of sleep stages) remained unchanged across age. Maturational changes in non-rapid eye movement sleep EEG power were pronounced in the slow wave activity (SWA, 0.75-4.5 Hz), theta (4.75-7.75 Hz) and sigma (10-15 Hz) frequency ranges. These findings indicate that the primary marker of sleep depth, SWA, is less apparent in daytime naps as children mature. Moreover, our fundamental data provide insight into associations between sleep regulation and functional modifications in the central nervous system during early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Kurth
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan M Lassonde
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Lauren A Pierpoint
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Rusterholz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oskar G Jenni
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ian J McClain
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Peter Achermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monique K LeBourgeois
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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Olbrich E, Landolt HP, Achermann P. Effect of prolonged wakefulness on electroencephalographic oscillatory activity during sleep. J Sleep Res 2013; 23:253-60. [PMID: 24372805 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The human sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) is characterized by the occurrence of distinct oscillatory events such as delta waves, sleep spindles and alpha activity. We applied a previously proposed algorithm for the detection of such events and investigated their incidence and frequency in baseline and recovery sleep after 40 h of sustained wakefulness in 27 healthy young subjects. The changes in oscillatory events induced by sleep deprivation were compared to the corresponding spectral changes. Both approaches revealed, on average, an increase in low frequency activity and a decrease in spindle activity after sleep deprivation. However, the increase of oscillatory events in the delta range and decrease in the sigma range occurred in a more restricted frequency range compared to spectral changes. The mean relative power spectra showed a significant increase in theta and alpha activity after sleep deprivation while, on average, the event analysis showed only a weak effect in the theta band. The reason for this discrepancy is that the spectral analysis does not distinguish between diffuse activity and clearly visible temporally localized oscillations, while the event analysis would detect only the latter. Additionally, only a few individuals clearly showed activity in the theta or alpha frequency bands. Conversely, event analysis revealed that some individuals showed an increased rate of sleep spindles after sleep deprivation, a fact that was not evident in the relative power spectra due to a decrease in background activity. The two methods complement each other and facilitate the interpretation of distinct changes induced by prolonged wakefulness in sleep EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckehard Olbrich
- Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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