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Woo HS, Im HJ, Kim JY, Lee MS, Kim DW. Mechanism of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition by theaflavanoside IV isolated from methanolic extract of tea ( Camellia sinensis) seed shells. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:3189-3192. [PMID: 34498977 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1952576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Camellia sinensis (tea) seeds have been identified as potential sources of nutraceutical compounds. In this study, caffeine and theaflavanoside IV were annotated as the most abundant phytochemicals in the seed shells of C. sinensis. Both compound displayed potent inhibitions against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) with IC50 values of 37.9 ± 3.5 and 8.7 ± 1.1 µM, respectively. In the kinetic study, caffeine inhibited PTP1B with mixed type I mode, which prefers to bind to free enzyme. Theaflavanoside IV showed competitive and reversible simple slow-binding inhibition [k3 = 0.1 µM-1·min-1, k4 = 0.002 min-1, Kiapp = 0.0002 µM]. This is the first report on PTP1B-inhibitory activity of these compounds and their action mechanisms. These results suggest their potential in the development of antidiabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sim Woo
- Wild Plant Industrialization Research Division, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Im
- Plant Propagation and Reproduction Division, National Arboretum Baekdudaegan, Bongwha-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Jeong Yoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Min-Sung Lee
- Wild Plant Industrialization Research Division, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Dae Wook Kim
- Wild Plant Industrialization Research Division, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
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Ginn J, Jiang X, Sun S, Michino M, Huggins DJ, Mbambo Z, Jansen R, Rhee KY, Arango N, Lima CD, Liverton N, Imaeda T, Okamoto R, Kuroita T, Aso K, Stamford A, Foley M, Meinke PT, Nathan C, Bryk R. Whole Cell Active Inhibitors of Mycobacterial Lipoamide Dehydrogenase Afford Selectivity over the Human Enzyme through Tight Binding Interactions. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:435-444. [PMID: 33527832 PMCID: PMC7888283 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of death from a single bacterial infection
worldwide. Efforts to develop new treatment options call for expansion into an
unexplored target space to expand the drug pipeline and bypass resistance to current
antibiotics. Lipoamide dehydrogenase is a metabolic and antioxidant enzyme critical for
mycobacterial growth and survival in mice. Sulfonamide analogs were previously
identified as potent and selective inhibitors of mycobacterial lipoamide dehydrogenase
in vitro but lacked activity against whole mycobacteria. Here we
present the development of analogs with improved permeability, potency, and selectivity,
which inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in axenic
culture on carbohydrates and within mouse primary macrophages. They increase
intrabacterial pyruvate levels, supporting their on-target activity within mycobacteria.
Distinct modalities of binding between the mycobacterial and human enzymes contribute to
improved potency and hence selectivity through induced-fit tight binding interactions
within the mycobacterial but not human enzyme, as indicated by kinetic analysis and
crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ginn
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | | | - Shan Sun
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Mayako Michino
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - David J. Huggins
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | | | | | | | - Nancy Arango
- Structural Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Christopher D. Lima
- Structural Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Nigel Liverton
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Toshihiro Imaeda
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Rei Okamoto
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Takanobu Kuroita
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Kazuyoshi Aso
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Andrew Stamford
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Michael Foley
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Peter T. Meinke
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10065, United States
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Erskine PT, Coates L, Mall S, Gill RS, Wood SP, Myles DAA, Cooper JB. Atomic resolution analysis of the catalytic site of an aspartic proteinase and an unexpected mode of binding by short peptides. Protein Sci 2003; 12:1741-9. [PMID: 12876323 PMCID: PMC2323960 DOI: 10.1110/ps.0305203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The X-ray structures of native endothiapepsin and a complex with a hydroxyethylene transition state analog inhibitor (H261) have been determined at atomic resolution. Unrestrained refinement of the carboxyl groups of the enzyme by using the atomic resolution data indicates that both catalytic aspartates in the native enzyme share a single negative charge equally; that is, in the crystal, one half of the active sites have Asp 32 ionized and the other half have Asp 215 ionized. The electron density map of the native enzyme refined at 0.9 A resolution demonstrates that there is a short peptide (probably Ser-Thr) bound noncovalently in the active site cleft. The N-terminal nitrogen of the dipeptide interacts with the aspartate diad of the enzyme by hydrogen bonds involving the carboxyl of Asp 215 and the catalytic water molecule. This is consistent with classical findings that the aspartic proteinases can be inhibited weakly by short peptides and that these enzymes can catalyze transpeptidation reactions. The dipeptide may originate from autolysis of the N-terminal Ser-Thr sequence of the enzyme during crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Erskine
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK
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Hung HC, Chang GG. Differentiation of the slow-binding mechanism for magnesium ion activation and zinc ion inhibition of human placental alkaline phosphatase. Protein Sci 2001; 10:34-45. [PMID: 11266592 PMCID: PMC2249836 DOI: 10.1110/ps.35201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2000] [Revised: 10/08/2000] [Accepted: 10/10/2000] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The binding mechanism of Mg(2+) at the M3 site of human placental alkaline phosphatase was found to be a slow-binding process with a low binding affinity (K(Mg(app.)) = 3.32 mM). Quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence of the Mg(2+)-free and Mg(2+)-containing enzymes by acrylamide showed almost identical dynamic quenching constant (K(sv) = 4.44 +/- 0.09 M(-1)), indicating that there is no gross conformational difference between the M3-free and the M3-Mg(2+) enzymes. However, Zn(2+) was found to have a high affinity with the M3 site (K(Zn(app.)) = 0.11 mM) and was observed as a time-dependent inhibitor of the enzyme. The dependence of the observed transition rate from higher activity to lower activity (k(obs)) at different zinc concentrations resulted in a hyperbolic curve suggesting that zinc ion induces a slow conformational change of the enzyme, which locks the enzyme in a conformation (M3'-Zn) having an extremely high affinity for the Zn(2+) (K*(Zn(app.)) = 0.33 microM). The conformation of the M3'-Zn enzyme, however, is unfavorable for the catalysis by the enzyme. Both Mg(2+) activation and Zn(2+) inhibition of the enzyme are reversible processes. Structural information indicates that the M3 site, which is octahedrally coordinated to Mg(2+), has been converted to a distorted tetrahedral coordination when zinc ion substitutes for magnesium ion at the M3 site. This conformation of the enzyme has a small dynamic quenching constant for acrylamide (K(sv) = 3.86 +/- 0.04 M(-1)), suggesting a conformational change. Both Mg(2+) and phosphate prevent the enzyme from reaching this inactive structure. GTP plays an important role in reactivating the Zn-inhibited enzyme activity. We propose that, under physiological conditions, magnesium ion may play an important modulatory role in the cell for protecting the enzyme by retaining a favorable geometry of the active site needed for catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Hung
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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