1
|
Esengen S. 'We had that abortion together': abortion networks and access to il/legal abortions in Turkey. Cult Health Sex 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38193457 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2023.2301410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Abortion was legalised in Turkey in 1983 with a 10-week limit, restrictions on who could provide abortions, and spousal or parental consent requirements. Currently, although abortion is legal, because of structural barriers, access is restricted (O'Neil, Altuntaş, and Keskin 2020). This study aimed to investigate how women strategically mobilise their social networks to overcome such restrictions to abortion care. Drawing from 25 in-depth interviews with urban-educated cis-women aged 24-30, I identify three groups within abortion networks: included, excluded and ambiguous. While included groups comprised largely of female family and friends, excluded groups were male family members and organisations, and the ambiguous category included health professionals and partners. Supporting findings in other contexts, individuals initially utilise their abortion networks to access the provider, they then build abortion solidarity networks to act as buffers against groups they wish to exclude during the abortion experience. Additionally, I show that excluded and ambiguous networks also impact abortion access, decision-making, and experience, even pushing individuals to follow through with illegal or semi-legal abortion procedures. Findings draw attention to the structural boundaries surrounding abortion laws, how patriarchal institutions make access to abortion care and abortion networks challenging, and how social networks may be utilised to alleviate such obstacles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Esengen
- Gender and Women's Studies, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sayuti RH, Taqiuddin M, Evendi A, Hidayati SA, Muttaqin MZ. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the existence of social solidarity: evidence from rural-urban communities in Lombok Island, Indonesia. Front Sociol 2023; 8:1164837. [PMID: 37214597 PMCID: PMC10196632 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1164837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the entire world since the beginning of 2020 is an unimaginable phenomenon. The pandemic is disastrous because it has caused loss of life and livelihood for a large part of the population. People lose their jobs, spaces for social interaction are closed, and social relationships are disrupted. Several studies show that social solidarity should be a major concern for people to sustain the future quality of their lives. Social solidarity dimensions in this study include gotong royong (local culture of mutual help), marriage banjars (local association), cooperation, and sharing of information. This study aims to examine the existence of social solidarity during the pandemic in rural and urban areas and to know the level of community exposure to COVID-19 in Lombok Island, Indonesia. This research adopted a quantitative approach to identify and analyse the existence of social solidarity in rural and urban communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. A set of questionnaires was distributed and shared by enumerators with 1,100 targeted-respondents from Lombok Island. The survey was carried out from 14th October to 28th October 2021, that is, during a recovery period from the pandemic while restrictions implemented by the government were still in full force. Chi square statistical analysis was used to test whether there were differences in social solidarity between those who lived in rural areas and those who lived in urban areas. This research found the existence of social solidarity in both rural and urban communities during the pandemic. The level of social solidarity in rural areas is higher than in urban areas. While related to the number of those who were exposed and died, conditions were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. However, in terms of the death rate, the level of death rate in urban areas is higher than in rural areas. This condition indicates differences in the characteristics of rural and urban communities, which can be considered in implementing policies during a future pandemic. This research provides evidence for local governments in formulating policies with a social solidarity perspective by taking into account the different characteristics of rural and urban communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosiady H. Sayuti
- Sociology Study Program, University of Mataram, Mataram City, Indonesia
| | - Moh Taqiuddin
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Mataram, Mataram City, Indonesia
| | - Azhari Evendi
- Sociology Laboratory, University of Mataram, Mataram City, Indonesia
| | - Siti Aisyah Hidayati
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Mataram, Mataram City, Indonesia
| | - M. Zaenul Muttaqin
- Department of Public Administration, University of Cenderawasih, Jayapura City, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shoss M, Van Hootegem A, Selenko E, De Witte H. The job insecurity of others: On the role of perceived national job insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Econ Ind Democr 2023; 44:385-409. [PMID: 37193552 PMCID: PMC10164091 DOI: 10.1177/0143831x221076176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Political scientists and sociologists have highlighted insecure work as a societal ill underlying individuals' lack of social solidarity (i.e., concern about the welfare of disadvantaged others) and political disruption. In order to provide the psychological underpinnings connecting perceptions of job insecurity with societally-relevant attitudes and behaviors, in this article the authors introduce the idea of perceived national job insecurity. Perceived national job insecurity reflects a person's perception that job insecurity is more or less prevalent in their society (i.e., country). Across three countries (US, UK, Belgium), the study finds that higher perceptions of the prevalence of job insecurity in one's country is associated with greater perceptions of government psychological contract breach and poorer perceptions of the government's handling of the COVID-19 crisis, but at the same time is associated with greater social solidarity and compliance with COVID-19 social regulations. These findings are independent of individuals' perceptions of threats to their own jobs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mindy Shoss
- University of Central Florida, USA; Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | | | | | - Hans De Witte
- O2L, KU Leuven, Belgium; Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maritim B, Koon AD, Kimaina A, Goudge J. Acceptability of prepayment, social solidarity and cross-subsidies in national health insurance: A mixed methods study in Western Kenya. Front Public Health 2022; 10:957528. [PMID: 36311602 PMCID: PMC9614422 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.957528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many low- and middle-income countries are attempting to finance healthcare through voluntary membership of insurance schemes. This study examined willingness to prepay for health care, social solidarity as well as the acceptability of subsidies for the poor as factors that determine enrolment in western Kenya. Methods This study employed a sequential mixed method design. We conducted a cross-sectional household survey (n = 1,746), in-depth household interviews (n = 36), 6 FGDs with community stakeholders and key informant interviews (n = 11) with policy makers and implementers in a single county in western Kenya. Social solidarity was defined by willingness to make contributions that would benefit people who were sicker ("risk cross-subsidization") and poorer ("income cross-subsidization"). We also explored participants' preferences related to contribution cost structure - e.g., flat, proportional, progressive, and exemptions for the poor. Results Our study found high willingness to prepay for healthcare among those without insurance (87.1%) with competing priorities, low incomes, poor access, and quality of health services, lack of awareness of flexible payment options cited as barriers to enrolment. More than half of respondents expressed willingness to tolerate risk and income cross-subsidization suggesting strong social solidarity, which increased with socio-economic status (SES). Higher SES was also associated with preference for a proportional payment while lower SES with a progressive payment. Few participants, even the poor themselves, felt the poor should be exempt from any payment, due to stigma (being accused of laziness) and fear of losing power in the process of receiving care (having the right to demand care). Conclusion Although there was a high willingness to prepay for healthcare, numerous barriers hindered voluntary health insurance enrolment in Kenya. Our findings highlight the importance of fostering and leveraging existing social solidarity to move away from flat rate contributions to allow for fairer risk and income cross-subsidization. Finally, governments should invest in robust strategies to effectively identify subsidy beneficiaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beryl Maritim
- Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA), Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Adam D. Koon
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Allan Kimaina
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Jane Goudge
- Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bevan I, Stage Baxter M, Stagg HR, Street A. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Related to COVID-19 Testing: A Rapid Scoping Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1685. [PMID: 34574026 PMCID: PMC8472251 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Testing programs for COVID-19 depend on the voluntary actions of members of the public for their success. Understanding people's knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to COVID-19 testing is, therefore, key to the design of effective testing programs worldwide. This paper reports on the findings of a rapid scoping review to map the extent, characteristics, and scope of social science research on COVID-19 testing and identifies key themes from the literature. Main findings include the discoveries that people are largely accepting of testing technologies and guidelines and that a sense of social solidarity is a key motivator of testing uptake. The main barriers to accessing and undertaking testing include uncertainty about eligibility and how to access tests, difficulty interpreting symptoms, logistical issues including transport to and from test sites and the discomfort of sample extraction, and concerns about the consequences of a positive result. The review found that existing research was limited in depth and scope. More research employing longitudinal and qualitative methods based in under-resourced settings and examining intersections between testing and experiences of social, political, and economic vulnerability is needed. Last, the findings of this review suggest that testing should be understood as a social process that is inseparable from processes of contact tracing and isolation and is embedded in people's everyday routines, livelihoods and relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imogen Bevan
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9LD, UK;
| | - Mats Stage Baxter
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK; (M.S.B.); (H.R.S.)
| | - Helen R. Stagg
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK; (M.S.B.); (H.R.S.)
| | - Alice Street
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9LD, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sumner RC, Kinsella EL. "It's Like a Kick in the Teeth": The Emergence of Novel Predictors of Burnout in Frontline Workers During Covid-19. Front Psychol 2021; 12:645504. [PMID: 34113288 PMCID: PMC8185026 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The context of Covid-19 has offered an unusual cultural landscape for examining how workers view their own position relative to others, and how individuals respond to prolonged exposure to workplace stress across different sectors and cultures. Through our recent work tracking the well-being of frontline workers in the UK and Ireland (the CV19 Heroes project), we have uncovered additional psychological factors that have not been accounted for in previous models of occupational stress or burnout. In recent months, frontline workers have worked to protect the community from the threat of SARS-CoV-2 and, simultaneously, have evaluated their perceptions of collective efforts of others as either congruent or incongruent with collective goals (e.g., lowered mortality and morbidity): we call this novel aspect solidarity appraisal. These frontline workers have been hailed as heroes, which we argue has led to the creation of an implicit psychological contract (the hero contract) between frontline workers and the public. Here, the heroes are willing to "go above and beyond" for the greater good, with the expectation that we (the public) do our part by adhering to public health guidelines. Where frontline workers perceive incongruence between the words and actions of others in working toward collective goals this drives negative affect and subsequent burnout. In this perspective article, we evaluate the cultural context of the pandemic in the UK and Ireland and suggest important socio-cultural factors that contribute to perceptions of solidarity, and how this may relate to burnout and worker welfare during and beyond the pandemic context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Sumner
- Health, Environmental Responsibility & Action (HERA) Lab, School of Natural & Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine L. Kinsella
- Research on Influence, Social Networks, & Ethics (RISE) Lab, Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Angaw KW. Policy Responses and Social Solidarity Imperatives to Respond the COVID-19 Pandemic Socioeconomic Crises in Ethiopia. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res 2021; 13:279-287. [PMID: 33935506 PMCID: PMC8076721 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s300695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study evaluated the public administration’s policy responses and imperatives of social solidarity to reduce the havoc caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has not only posed a serious health threat but also brought economic, sociocultural and psychological crises to human beings all over the world. The study was conducted to give a clear picture of the COVID-19 pandemic socioeconomic crises in Ethiopia and policy responses given as well as the imperatives of social organizations in Ethiopia to tackle these challenges. Purpose This article aimed to explore the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the socio-economic activities of Ethiopia and evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of the policy response given by the public administration vis-à-vis the role of social solidarity to reduce the calamity of the pandemic. Methods Qualitative research approach has been used and data were analyzed using narration, description, and exploration analysis method. Results The findings of the study revealed that the policy responses given by the public administration and the solidarity of social organizations played great role in minimizing the socio-economic crises that the pandemic entailed. Policy responses had limitations and lack of appropriate institutional implementation platforms. Conclusion The policy responses given by the public administration to alleviate the socio-economic crises caused by the pandemic have both success and limitations. Social organizations played a paramount role in alleviating the COVID-19 socio-economic crises on vulnerable and disadvantaged groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiflie Worku Angaw
- Dilla University, College of Business and Economics, Department of Public Administration and Development Management, Dilla, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Smythe S, Wilbur A, Hunter E. Inventive pedagogies and social solidarity: The work of community-based adult educators during COVID-19 in British Columbia, Canada. Int Rev Educ 2021; 67:9-29. [PMID: 33688100 PMCID: PMC7933918 DOI: 10.1007/s11159-021-09882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The societal lockdown imposed in Canada in March 2020 to stem the spread of COVID-19 severed key points of connection for low-income Canadians who rely upon schools, libraries and even fast-food chains for internet connectivity. This has had dire implications for timely access to vital information and resources, and has revealed the extent to which women, transgender and racialised communities are bearing the brunt of the pandemic's effects. This article describes a study that investigated the pandemic-related work of community-based adult educators in the ethno-culturally diverse Canadian province of British Columbia. Interviews were conducted with 18 educators who were working on the "front lines" of the pandemic, to document their support of low-income and newcomer communities, to understand how these educators responded in terms of pedagogies and strategies, and to map how these pedagogies and practices might be leveraged for more equitable relationships in post-pandemic community-based education. The authors found that the educators developed a range of inventive and dynamic pedagogies oriented to social solidarity and to taking up intersectional oppressions. These "pandemic pedagogies" may contribute to more equitable and inclusive social-technology relationships in a post-pandemic future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Smythe
- Adult Literacy and Adult Education, Faculty of Education, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Amea Wilbur
- Faculty of Professional Studies, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC Canada
| | - Emily Hunter
- Centre for Development and Outreach, Capilano University, North Vancouver, BC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gerry CJ, Kaneva M, Zasimova L. Reforming voluntary drug insurance in Russian healthcare: does social solidarity matter? Health Policy 2017; 121:1177-1185. [PMID: 28958706 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With low take-up of both private health insurance and the existing public drug reimbursement scheme, it is thought that less than 5% of the Russian population have access to free outpatient drug treatment. This represents a major policy challenge for a country grappling with reforms of its healthcare system and experiencing low or no economic growth and significant associated reductions in spending on social services. In this paper, we draw on data from a 2011 Levada-Center survey to examine the attitudes and social solidarity of the Russian population towards drug policies in general and towards the introduction of a proposed voluntary drug insurance system in particular. In addition to being among the first to explore these important questions in the post-Communist setting, we make three important contributions to the emerging policy debates. First, we find that, if introduced immediately and without careful planning and preparation, Russia's voluntary drug insurance scheme is likely to collapse financially due to the over-representation of high-risk unhealthy individuals opting in to the scheme. Second, the negative attitude of higher income groups towards the redistribution of wealth to the poor may further impede government efforts to introduce voluntary drug insurance. Finally, we argue that Russia currently lacks the breadth and depth of social solidarity necessary for implementing this form of health financing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Gerry
- International Centre for Health Economics, Management and Policy (CHEMP), National Research University Higher School of Economics, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Russian Federation; University of Oxford, School of Interdisciplinary and Area Studies, St. Antony's College, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Maria Kaneva
- International Laboratory for Economics of Healthcare and Its Reforms, Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Liudmila Zasimova
- Faculty of Economic Sciences, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation; International Laboratory for Economics of Healthcare and Its Reforms, Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Johnson P, Brookes M, Wood G, Brewster C. Legal Origin and Social Solidarity: The Continued Relevance of Durkheim to Comparative Institutional Analysis. Sociology 2017; 51:646-665. [PMID: 28502999 PMCID: PMC5424856 DOI: 10.1177/0038038515611049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
By using the classic works of Durkheim as a theoretical platform, this research explores the relationship between legal systems and social solidarity. We found that certain types of civil law system, most notably those of Scandinavia, are associated with higher levels of social capital and better welfare state provision. However, we found the relationship between legal system and societal outcomes is considerably more complex than suggested by currently fashionable economistic legal origin approaches, and more in line with the later writings of Durkheim, and, indeed, the literature on comparative capitalisms. Relative communitarianism was strongly affected by relative development, reflecting the complex relationship between institutions, state capabilities and informal social ties and networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phil Johnson
- Phil Johnson, Management School, University of Sheffield, Conduit Road, Sheffield S10 1FN, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|