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Mayer M, Matthews B, Sandén H, Katzensteiner K, Hagedorn F, Gorfer M, Berger H, Berger TW, Godbold DL, Rewald B. Soil fertility determines whether ectomycorrhizal fungi accelerate or decelerate decomposition in a temperate forest. New Phytol 2023. [PMID: 37084070 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can both accelerate and decelerate decomposition of organic matter in forest soils, but a mechanistic understanding of this differential influence is limited. Here, we tested how ECM fungi affect decomposition along a natural fertility gradient in a temperate forest of European beech. Trees were girdled to reduce belowground carbon supply to the soil. Girdling shifted soil fungal community composition and decreased hyphal biomass production and soil CO2 efflux, indicating a reduced ECM fungal activity. Girdling also affected decomposition processes, but the effects depended on fertility. Our results indicate that ECM fungi decelerate decomposition under conditions of low fertility while under conditions of high fertility ECM fungi and their host roots have an accelerating effect. We conclude that both acceleration and deceleration of decomposition of organic matter by ECM fungi can occur within a forest, with soil fertility determining the direction and magnitude of these effects. We suggest a positive feedback between fertility, stand productivity and soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics that is mediated to a large extent by ECM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Mayer
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Forest Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), ETH Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 16, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Peter-Jordan Straße 82, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Bradley Matthews
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Peter-Jordan Straße 82, Vienna, 1190, Austria
- Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Hans Sandén
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Peter-Jordan Straße 82, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Klaus Katzensteiner
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Peter-Jordan Straße 82, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Frank Hagedorn
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gorfer
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH (AIT), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Harald Berger
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH (AIT), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Austria
- Symbiocyte, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Torsten W Berger
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Peter-Jordan Straße 82, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Douglas L Godbold
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Peter-Jordan Straße 82, Vienna, 1190, Austria
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Peter-Jordan Straße 82, Vienna, 1190, Austria
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Zhang L, Wang Q, Yang XY, Lü JP. [Effect of the Process of Returning Farmland to Forest in the Loess Hilly Area on Soil Fungal Communities]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2023; 44:1758-1767. [PMID: 36922236 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202204264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of farmland to forest significantly affects soil bacterial communities in the Loess Plateau. However, how soil fungal communities respond to the conversion of farmland to forest is not very clear in this region. To illustrate the problem, the loess hilly area located in Jiajiayao, Youyu County, Shanxi Province was taken as the study area, and soil from farmland (growing corn and millet) and artificial forest (growing sea buckthorn and Caragana) were sampled. Based on 18S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, the effect of the conversion of farmland to forest on soil fungal communities was investigated. Ascomycota dominated (61.03%-78.06%) in both farmland and forest soil, followed by Mucoromycota (12.11%-17.13%) and Basidiomycota (6.15%-18.42%). The relative abundance of other fungal phyla, such as Chytridiomycota, was low. At the genus level, the conversion of farmland to forest significantly affected the abundance of Chaetomium, Mortierella, Fusarium, and Geoglossum. Plant pathogenic fungi belonging to Fusarium were enriched in farmland. The results of non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) showed that the conversion of farmland to forest significantly affected soil fungal communities in the hilly area of the Loess Plateau. Differences in the community structure were closely related to changes in soil physicochemical properties. Available phosphorus was particularly the main driving factor affecting soil fungal communities. These results can provide scientific references for the ecological benefit evaluation of vegetation restoration in the loess hilly area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Xin-Yue Yang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jun-Ping Lü
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Li B, Liu X, Zhu D, Su H, Guo K, Sun G, Li X, Sun L. Crop diversity promotes the recovery of fungal communities in saline-alkali areas of the Western Songnen Plain. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1091117. [PMID: 36819047 PMCID: PMC9930164 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1091117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Phytoremediation is an effective strategy for saline land restoration. In the Western Songnen Plain, northeast China, soil fungal community recovery for saline phytoremediation has not been well documented among different cropping patterns. In this study, we tested how rotation, mixture, and monoculture cropping patterns impact fungal communities in saline-alkali soils to assess the variability between cropping patterns. Methods The fungal communities of the soils of the different cropping types were determined using Illumina Miseq sequencing. Results Mixture and rotation promoted an increase in operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness, and OTU richness in the mixture system decreased with increasing soil depth. A principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that cropping patterns and soil depths influenced the structure of fungal communities, which may be due to the impact of soil chemistry. This was reflected by soil total nitrogen (TN) and electrical conductivity (EC) being the key factors driving OTU richness, while soil available potassium (AK) and total phosphorus (TP) were significantly correlated with the relative abundance of fungal dominant genus. The relative abundance of Leptosphaerulina, Alternaria, Myrothecium, Gibberella, and Tetracladium varied significantly between cropping patterns, and Leptosphaerulina was significantly associated with soil chemistry. Soil depth caused significant differences in the relative abundance of Fusarium in rotation and mixture soils, with Fusarium more commonly active at 0-15 cm deep soil. Null-model analysis revealed that the fungal community assembly of the mixture soils in 0-15 cm deep soil was dominated by deterministic processes, unlike the other two cropping patterns. Furthermore, fungal symbiotic networks were more complex in rotation and mixture than in monoculture soils, reflected in more nodes, more module hubs, and connectors. The fungal networks in rotation and mixture soils were more stable than in monoculture soils, and mixture networks were obviously more connected than rotations. FUNGuild showed that the relative proportion of saprotroph in rotation and mixture was significantly higher than that in monocultures. The highest proportion of pathotroph and symbiotroph was exhibited in rotation and mixture soils, respectively. Discussion Overall, mixture is superior to crop rotation and monocultures in restoring fungal communities of the saline-alkali soils of the Western Songnen Plain, northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Heng Su
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Kaiwen Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China,School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Xin Li, ✉
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China,Lei Sun, ✉
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Goodwin PH, Zheng SJ, Li X, Xu S. Effect of natural weed and Siratro cover crop on soil fungal diversity in a banana cropping system in southwestern China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1138580. [PMID: 37032861 PMCID: PMC10073746 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1138580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Natural weed cover and a legume cover crop were examined to determine if they could impact soil fungal diversity as an indicator of soil quality in banana production. Methods Banana in Yunnan Province, China, was grown under three treatments: conventional tillage (bare soil), natural weed cover (primarily goosegrass (Eleusine indica (L.) Gaerth)), or a cover crop (Siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb.)). Analysis of the soil fungal communities between 2017 and 2020 was done by Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing. Results Most significant effects were in the intercropping area for the treatments, whereas it was rarely observed in the furrow planted with banana. Based on the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, soil fungal diversity in the intercropping area significantly decreased following planting banana in 2017 with all three treatments. However, both the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices showed that there were significant increases in fungal soil diversity in 2019 and 2020 with natural weed cover or Siratro compared to bare soil. At the end of the experiment, significant increases in fungal genera with Siratro compared to bare soil were observed with Mortierella, Acremonium, Plectophaerella, Metarhizium and Acrocalymma, and significant decreases were observed with Fusicolla, Myrothecium, Exserohilum, Micropsalliota and Nigrospora. Siratro resulted in higher stability of the soil fungal microbiome by increasing the modularity and the proportion of negative co-occurrences compared to bare soil. For fungal guilds, Siratro significantly increased saprotrophs_symbiotrophs in 2019 and 2020 and significantly decreased pathogens_saprotrophs in 2020 compared to bare soil. Discussion Using Siratro as a cover crop in the intercropping area of banana helped maintain soil fungal diversity, which would be beneficial for soil health with more symbiotrophs and less pathogens in the soil. However, further research is needed to determine the long-term impact of weed or Siratro cover crop on the fungal soil ecosystem and growth of banana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfen Wang
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Paul H. Goodwin
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Si-Jun Zheng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Bioversity International, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xundong Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Li Xundong,
| | - Shengtao Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Xu Shengtao,
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Yu S, Wang T, Meng Y, Yao S, Wang L, Zheng H, Zhou Y, Song Z, Zhang B. Leguminous cover crops and soya increased soil fungal diversity and suppressed pathotrophs caused by continuous cereal cropping. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:993214. [PMID: 36274703 PMCID: PMC9582142 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.993214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The enrichment of soil-borne fungal pathogens and a high input of mineral fertilizer in the continuous cropping of cereal crops have raised a concern about soil health deterioration. Conversion of continuous cereal cropping to a legume-involved system alters the soil fungal community. However, when a leguminous cover crop is grown with a succeeding legume grain crop such as soya (Glycine max L. Merril), the effects on the soil fungal community when two legumes are involved in the crop system remain unclear. Thus, the effects of the cover crop on the soil fungal community under a succession of soya and a succession of maize (Zea mays L.) were clarified: a continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-maize cropping system was converted to new rotation systems with three cover crop treatments: leguminous vetch (Vicia sativa L.), a mixture of vetch and rye (Secale cereale L.), and fallow, succeeded by soya or maize in this study. The soil fungal community at the harvest of soya and maize were determined using high-throughput sequencing of ITS2 amplicons. Compared to a wheat-maize rotation system, all of the new rotation systems that involved leguminous crops or fallow increased the soil fungal diversity and suppressed pathotrophs by reducing the soil NH4 +, NO3 -, available K, and available P concentrations. Different cover crops changed the fungal community composition, but their effect was overwhelmed by the strong effect of succeeding soya, which induced minor shifts among the cover crop treatments under soya than maize. The Vetch-Soya system exhibited the highest fungal diversity, which have been due to an increase of symbiotrophs. Replacing wheat with mixed vetch and rye most greatly suppressed the pathotrophs, and this suppression effect was stronger when succeeded by maize than by soya. These results showed the short-term benefits of legume-legume succession and legume-cereal mixed cover crops for increasing fungal diversity and suppressing pathotrophs. Further study is needed to examine the long-term effects of Vetch-Soya on the accumulation of legume-associated pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Arable Land Protection, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianshu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Arable Land Protection, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yili Meng
- National Engineering Research Center of Arable Land Protection, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuihong Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Arable Land Protection, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Arable Land Protection, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzheng Zhou
- Economic Crops Institute, Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jining, China
| | | | - Bin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Arable Land Protection, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lozano YM, Aguilar-Trigueros CA, Ospina JM, Rillig MC. Drought legacy effects on root morphological traits and plant biomass via soil biota feedback. New Phytol 2022; 236:222-234. [PMID: 35719096 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Drought causes soil feedback effects on plant performance. However, how the linkages between conditioned soil biota and root traits contribute to explain plant-soil feedback (PSF) as a function of drought is unknown. We utilized soil inoculum from a conditioning experiment where grassland species grew under well-watered and drought conditions, and their soil fungi were analyzed. Under well-watered conditions, we grew 21 grassland species with those inocula from either conspecific or heterospecific soils. At harvest, plant biomass and root traits were measured. Negative PSF (higher biomass in heterospecific than in conspecific soils) was predominant, and favored in drought-conditioned soils. Previous drought affected the relationship between root traits and fungal groups. Specific root surface area (SRSA) was higher in heterospecific than in conspecific droughted soils and was linked to an increase in saprotroph richness. Overall, root diameter was higher in conspecific soils and was linked to mutualist and pathogen composition, whereas the decrease of root : shoot in heterospecific soils was linked to pathogenic fungi. Drought legacy affects biomass and root morphological traits via conditioned soil biota, even after the drought conditions have disappeared. This provides new insights into the role that soil biota have modulating PSF responses to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi M Lozano
- Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Trigueros
- Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny M Ospina
- Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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Clemmensen KE, Durling MB, Michelsen A, Hallin S, Finlay RD, Lindahl BD. A tipping point in carbon storage when forest expands into tundra is related to mycorrhizal recycling of nitrogen. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1193-1204. [PMID: 33754469 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tundra ecosystems are global belowground sinks for atmospheric CO2 . Ongoing warming-induced encroachment by shrubs and trees risks turning this sink into a CO2 source, resulting in a positive feedback on climate warming. To advance mechanistic understanding of how shifts in mycorrhizal types affect long-term carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks, we studied small-scale soil depth profiles of fungal communities and C-N dynamics across a subarctic-alpine forest-heath vegetation gradient. Belowground organic stocks decreased abruptly at the transition from heath to forest, linked to the presence of certain tree-associated ectomycorrhizal fungi that contribute to decomposition when mining N from organic matter. In contrast, ericoid mycorrhizal plants and fungi were associated with organic matter accumulation and slow decomposition. If climatic controls on arctic-alpine forest lines are relaxed, increased decomposition will likely outbalance increased plant productivity, decreasing the overall C sink capacity of displaced tundra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Engelbrecht Clemmensen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Mikael Brandström Durling
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Sara Hallin
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Roger D Finlay
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Björn D Lindahl
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
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Marañón-Jiménez S, Radujković D, Verbruggen E, Grau O, Cuntz M, Peñuelas J, Richter A, Schrumpf M, Rebmann C. Shifts in the Abundances of Saprotrophic and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi With Altered Leaf Litter Inputs. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:682142. [PMID: 34367207 PMCID: PMC8336600 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.682142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) and saprotrophic fungi interact in the breakdown of organic matter, but the mechanisms underlying the EcM role on organic matter decomposition are not totally clear. We hypothesized that the ecological relations between EcM and saprotroph fungi are modulated by resources availability and accessibility, determining decomposition rates. We manipulated the amount of leaf litter inputs (No-Litter, Control Litter, Doubled Litter) on Trenched (root exclusion) and Non-Trenched plots (with roots) in a temperate deciduous forest of EcM-associated trees. Resultant shifts in soil fungal communities were determined by phospholipid fatty acids and DNA sequencing after 3 years, and CO2 fluxes were measured throughout this period. Different levels of leaf litter inputs generated a gradient of organic substrate availability and accessibility, altering the composition and ecological relations between EcM and saprotroph fungal communities. EcM fungi dominated at low levels of fresh organic substrates and lower organic matter quality, where short-distances exploration types seem to be better competitors, whereas saprotrophs and longer exploration types of EcM fungi tended to dominate at high levels of leaf litter inputs, where labile organic substrates were easily accessible. We were, however, not able to detect unequivocal signs of competition between these fungal groups for common resources. These results point to the relevance of substrate quality and availability as key factors determining the role of EcM and saprotroph fungi on litter and soil organic matter decay and represent a path forward on the capacity of organic matter decomposition of different exploration types of EcM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marañón-Jiménez
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Bellaterra, Spain
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- *Correspondence: Sara Marañón-Jiménez
| | - Dajana Radujković
- Centre of Excellence Plant and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- Centre of Excellence Plant and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Oriol Grau
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Bellaterra, Spain
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), Joint Research Unit Ecology of Guianan Forests-UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRA, University of Antilles, University of Guyane), Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Matthias Cuntz
- Université de Lorraine, French National Institute of Agricultural Research, AgroParisTech, UMR 1434 Silva, Nancy, France
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Bellaterra, Spain
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Andreas Richter
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Marion Schrumpf
- Department for Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Corinna Rebmann
- UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Computational Hydrosystems, Leipzig, Germany
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Cheng J, Yang Y, Yuan MM, Gao Q, Wu L, Qin Z, Shi ZJ, Schuur EAG, Cole JR, Tiedje JM, Zhou J. Winter warming rapidly increases carbon degradation capacities of fungal communities in tundra soil: Potential consequences on carbon stability. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:926-937. [PMID: 33305411 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-latitude tundra ecosystems are increasingly affected by climate warming. As an important fraction of soil microorganisms, fungi play essential roles in carbon degradation, especially the old, chemically recalcitrant carbon. However, it remains obscure how fungi respond to climate warming and whether fungi, in turn, affect carbon stability of tundra. In a 2-year winter soil warming experiment of 2°C by snow fences, we investigated responses of fungal communities to warming in the active layer of an Alaskan tundra. Although fungal community composition, revealed by the 28S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, remained unchanged (p > .05), fungal functional gene composition, revealed by a microarray named GeoChip, was altered (p < .05). Changes in functional gene composition were linked to winter soil temperature, thaw depth, soil moisture, and gross primary productivity (canonical correlation analysis, p < .05). Specifically, relative abundances of fungal genes encoding invertase, xylose reductase and vanillin dehydrogenase significantly increased (p < .05), indicating higher carbon degradation capacities of fungal communities under warming. Accordingly, we detected changes in fungal gene networks under warming, including higher average path distance, lower average clustering coefficient and lower percentage of negative links, indicating that warming potentially changed fungal interactions. Together, our study reveals higher carbon degradation capacities of fungal communities under short-term warming and highlights the potential impacts of fungal communities on tundra ecosystem respiration, and consequently future carbon stability of high-latitude tundra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Cheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengting M Yuan
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Qun Gao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyou Wu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Ziyan Qin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou J Shi
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Gladstone Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edward A G Schuur
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - James R Cole
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James M Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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10
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Abstract
This article is a Commentary on https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16390.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Emilia Hannula
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)Droevendaalsesteeg 10Wageningen6708 PBthe Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Träger
- Department of BotanyInstitute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuLai 40Tartu51005Estonia
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11
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Rosas-Medina M, Maciá-Vicente JG, Piepenbring M. Diversity of Fungi in Soils with Different Degrees of Degradation in Germany and Panama. Mycobiology 2019; 48:20-28. [PMID: 32158602 PMCID: PMC7048177 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2019.1700658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil degradation can have an impact on the soil microbiota, but its specific effects on soil fungal communities are poorly understood. In this work, we studied the impact of soil degradation on the richness and diversity of communities of soil fungi, including three different degrees of degradation in Germany and Panama. Soil fungi were isolated monthly using the soil-sprinkling method for 8 months in Germany and 3 months in Panama, and characterized by morphological and molecular data. Soil physico-chemical properties were measured and correlated with the observed values of fungal diversity. We isolated a total of 71 fungal species, 47 from Germany, and 32 from Panama. Soil properties were not associated with fungal richness, diversity, or composition in soils, with the exception of soil compaction in Germany. The geographic location was a strong determinant of the soil fungal species composition although in both countries there was dominance by members of the orders Eurotiales and Hypocreales. In conclusion, the results of this work do not show any evident influence of soil degradation on communities of soil fungi in Germany or Panama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rosas-Medina
- Department of Mycology, Cluster for Integrative Fungal Research (IPF), Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jose G. Maciá-Vicente
- Department of Mycology, Cluster for Integrative Fungal Research (IPF), Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Meike Piepenbring
- Department of Mycology, Cluster for Integrative Fungal Research (IPF), Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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12
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Suleiman MK, Dixon K, Commander L, Nevill P, Quoreshi AM, Bhat NR, Manuvel AJ, Sivadasan MT. Assessment of the Diversity of Fungal Community Composition Associated With Vachellia pachyceras and Its Rhizosphere Soil From Kuwait Desert. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:63. [PMID: 30766519 PMCID: PMC6365840 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This research examined the general soil fungi and AM fungal communities associated with a Lonely Tree species (Vachellia pachyceras) existing in the Sabah Al-Ahmad Natural Reserve located at the Kuwait desert. The goals of the study were to describe the general fungal and AM fungal communities present in the rhizospheric, non-rhizospheric soils and roots of V. pachyceras, respectively, as well as local and non-local V. pachyceras seedlings when grown under standard nursery growing environments. Soil and root samples were analyzed for an array of characteristics including soil physicochemical composition, and culture-independent method termed PCR-cloning, intermediate variable region of rDNA, the large subunit (LSU) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequence identifications. The results reveal that the fungal phylotypes were classified in four major fungal phyla namely Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Zygomycota. The largest assemblage of fungal analyses showed communities dominated by members of the phylum Ascomycota. The assays also revealed a wealth of incertae sedis fungi, mostly affiliated to uncultured fungi from diverse environmental conditions. Striking difference between rhizosphere and bulk soils communities, with more fungal diversities and Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) richness associated with both the field and nursery rhizosphere soils. In contrast, a less diverse fungal community was found in the bulk soil samples. The characterization of AM fungi from the root system demonstrated that the most abundant and diversified group belongs to the family Glomeraceae, with the common genus Rhizophagus (5 phylotypes) and another unclassified taxonomic group (5 phylotypes). Despite the harsh climate that prevails in the Kuwait desert, studied roots displayed the existence of considerable number of AM fungal biota. The present work thus provides a baseline of the fungal and mycorrhizal community associated with rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils and roots of only surviving V. pachyceras tree from the Kuwaiti desert and seedlings under nursery growing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majda K. Suleiman
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Desert Agriculture and Ecosystems Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Kingsley Dixon
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lucy Commander
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paul Nevill
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ali M. Quoreshi
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Desert Agriculture and Ecosystems Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Narayana R. Bhat
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Desert Agriculture and Ecosystems Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Anitha J. Manuvel
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Desert Agriculture and Ecosystems Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mini T. Sivadasan
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Desert Agriculture and Ecosystems Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Wang J, Chen C, Ye Z, Li J, Feng Y, Lu Q. Relationships Between Fungal and Plant Communities Differ Between Desert and Grassland in a Typical Dryland Region of Northwest China. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2327. [PMID: 30333808 PMCID: PMC6176009 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationships between soil fungal and plant communities in the dryland have been well documented, yet the associated difference in relationships between soil fungal and plant communities among different habitats remains unclear. Here, we explored the relationships between plant and fungal functional communities, and the dominant factors of these fungal communities in the desert and grassland. Soil fungal functional communities were assessed based on fungal ITS sequence data which were obtained from our previous study. The results showed that the total, saprotrophic and pathotrophic fungal richness were predominantly determined by plant species richness and/or soil nutrients in the desert, but by MAP or soil CN in the grassland. AM fungal richness was only significantly related to soil nutrients in two habitats. The total and saprotrophic fungal species compositions were mainly shaped by abiotic and spatial factors in the desert, but by plant and abiotic factors in the grassland. Pathotrophic fungal species composition was more strongly correlated with plant and spatial factors in the desert, but with spatial and abiotic factors in the grassland. AM fungal species composition was more strongly correlated with MAP in the grassland, but with no factors in the desert. These results provide robust evidence that the relationships between soil fungal and plant communities, and the drivers of soil fungal communities differ between the desert and grassland. Furthermore, we highlight that the linkages between soil fungal and plant communities, and the drivers of soil fungal communities may also be affected by fungal traits (e.g., functional groups).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Wang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Ye
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Feng
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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Ni Y, Yang T, Zhang K, Shen C, Chu H. Fungal Communities Along a Small-Scale Elevational Gradient in an Alpine Tundra Are Determined by Soil Carbon Nitrogen Ratios. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1815. [PMID: 30131790 PMCID: PMC6091257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevational gradients are associated not only with variations in temperature and precipitation, but also with shifts in vegetation types and changes in soil physicochemical properties. While large-scale elevational patterns of soil microbial diversity, such as monotonic declines and hump-shaped models, have been reported, it is unclear whether within-ecosystem elevational distribution patterns exist for soil fungal communities at the small scale. Using Illumina Miseq DNA sequencing, we present a comprehensive analysis of soil fungal diversity and community compositions in an alpine tundra ecosystem at elevations ranging from 2000 to 2500 m on the Changbai Mountain, China. Soil fungal community composition differed among elevations, and the fungal diversity (i.e., species richness and Chao1) increased along elevations. Soil fungal richness was negatively correlated with soil carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and community composition varied according to the C/N ratio. In addition, the relative abundances of Basidiomycota and Leotiomycetes were similarly negatively correlated with C/N ratio. For functional guilds, our data showed that mycoparasite and foliar epiphyte abundances were also influenced by C/N ratio. These results indicated that soil C/N ratio might be a key factor in determining soil fungal distribution at small-scale elevational gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaoping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Wang C, Zhou J, Liu J, Jiang K, Xiao H, Du D. Responses of the soil fungal communities to the co-invasion of two invasive species with different cover classes. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2018; 20:151-159. [PMID: 29030899 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil fungal communities play an important role in the successful invasion of non-native species. It is common for two or more invasive plant species to co-occur in invaded ecosystems. This study aimed to determine the effects of co-invasion of two invasive species (Erigeron annuus and Solidago canadensis) with different cover classes on soil fungal communities using high-throughput sequencing. Invasion of E. annuus and/or S. canadensis had positive effects on the sequence number, operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness, Shannon diversity, abundance-based cover estimator (ACE index) and Chao1 index of soil fungal communities, but negative effects on the Simpson index. Thus, invasion of E. annuus and/or S. canadensis could increase diversity and richness of soil fungal communities but decrease dominance of some members of these communities, in part to facilitate plant further invasion, because high soil microbial diversity could increase soil functions and plant nutrient acquisition. Some soil fungal species grow well, whereas others tend to extinction after non-native plant invasion with increasing invasion degree and presumably time. The sequence number, OTU richness, Shannon diversity, ACE index and Chao1 index of soil fungal communities were higher under co-invasion of E. annuus and S. canadensis than under independent invasion of either individual species. The co-invasion of the two invasive species had a positive synergistic effect on diversity and abundance of soil fungal communities, partly to build a soil microenvironment to enhance competitiveness of the invaders. The changed diversity and community under co-invasion could modify resource availability and niche differentiation within the soil fungal communities, mediated by differences in leaf litter quality and quantity, which can support different fungal/microbial species in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - J Zhou
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - J Liu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - K Jiang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - H Xiao
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - D Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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16
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Kirker GT, Bishell AB, Jusino MA, Palmer JM, Hickey WJ, Lindner DL. Amplicon-Based Sequencing of Soil Fungi from Wood Preservative Test Sites. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1997. [PMID: 29093702 PMCID: PMC5651271 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil samples were collected from field sites in two AWPA (American Wood Protection Association) wood decay hazard zones in North America. Two field plots at each site were exposed to differing preservative chemistries via in-ground installations of treated wood stakes for approximately 50 years. The purpose of this study is to characterize soil fungal species and to determine if long term exposure to various wood preservatives impacts soil fungal community composition. Soil fungal communities were compared using amplicon-based DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of the rDNA array. Data show that soil fungal community composition differs significantly between the two sites and that long-term exposure to different preservative chemistries is correlated with different species composition of soil fungi. However, chemical analyses using ICP-OES found levels of select residual preservative actives (copper, chromium and arsenic) to be similar to naturally occurring levels in unexposed areas. A list of indicator species was compiled for each treatment-site combination; functional guild analyses indicate that long-term exposure to wood preservatives may have both detrimental and stimulatory effects on soil fungal species composition. Fungi with demonstrated capacity to degrade industrial pollutants were found to be highly correlated with areas that experienced long-term exposure to preservative testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant T. Kirker
- FPL, United States Department of Agriculture-Forest Service (USDA-FS), Durability and Wood Protection, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Amy B. Bishell
- FPL, United States Department of Agriculture-Forest Service (USDA-FS), Durability and Wood Protection, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michelle A. Jusino
- NRS, United States Department of Agriculture-Forest Service (USDA-FS), Center for Forest Mycology Research, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Palmer
- NRS, United States Department of Agriculture-Forest Service (USDA-FS), Center for Forest Mycology Research, Madison, WI, United States
| | - William J. Hickey
- Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Daniel L. Lindner
- NRS, United States Department of Agriculture-Forest Service (USDA-FS), Center for Forest Mycology Research, Madison, WI, United States
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Xiong W, Zhao Q, Xue C, Xun W, Zhao J, Wu H, Li R, Shen Q. Comparison of Fungal Community in Black Pepper-Vanilla and Vanilla Monoculture Systems Associated with Vanilla Fusarium Wilt Disease. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:117. [PMID: 26903995 PMCID: PMC4746283 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term vanilla monocropping often results in the occurrence of vanilla Fusarium wilt disease, seriously affecting its production all over the world. In the present study, vanilla exhibited significantly less Fusarium wilt disease in the soil of a long-term continuously cropped black pepper orchard. The entire fungal communities of bulk and rhizosphere soils between the black pepper-vanilla system (i.e., vanilla cropped in the soil of a continuously cropped black pepper orchard) and vanilla monoculture system were compared through the deep pyrosequencing. The results showed that the black pepper-vanilla system revealed a significantly higher fungal diversity than the vanilla monoculture system in both bulk and rhizosphere soils. The UniFrac-weighted PCoA analysis revealed significant differences in bulk soil fungal community structures between the two cropping systems, and fungal community structures were seriously affected by the vanilla root system. In summary, the black pepper-vanilla system harbored a lower abundance of Fusarium oxysporum in the vanilla rhizosphere soil and increased the putatively plant-beneficial fungal groups such as Trichoderma and Penicillium genus, which could explain the healthy growth of vanilla in the soil of the long-term continuously cropped black pepper field. Thus, cropping vanilla in the soil of continuously cropped black pepper fields for maintaining the vanilla industry is executable and meaningful as an agro-ecological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Xiong
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceWanning, China
| | - Qingyun Zhao
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceWanning, China
| | - Chao Xue
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Weibing Xun
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Huasong Wu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceWanning, China
| | - Rong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
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