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Xie CL, Park KH, Kang SS, Cho KM, Lee DH. Isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves attenuate ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats by anti-inflammatory activity. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:1499-1506. [PMID: 32851642 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an increasing aging population, postmenopausal osteoporosis has become a global public health problem. Previous evidence has shown that postmenopausal osteoporosis is a skeletal disease mainly caused by estrogen deficiency, generally accompanied by inflammation, and dietary isoflavones may ameliorate postmenopausal osteoporosis by anti-inflammatory activity. We have generated isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves (IESLs), but their anti-inflammatory activity and effect on attenuating osteoporosis are still obscure. Here, we determined the isoflavone profiles of IESLs and evaluated their anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and anti-osteoporotic effects on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. RESULTS IESLs had a high content of total isoflavone. Hydrolysate of IESLs (HIESLs) was rich with the aglycones daidzein and genistein, and HIESLs can significantly inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by reducing messenger RNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL6, and IL1β. Moreover, ovariectomized rats receiving aqueous extracts of IESLs (HIESLs) orally maintained more bone mass than control rats did, which was attributed to inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by downregulating the messenger RNA expression of the bone-specific genes RANKL/OPG, OC, and cathepsin K, and the inflammation-related genes IL6, NFκB, and COX-2. CONCLUSION IESLs may attenuate postmenopausal osteoporosis by suppressing osteoclastogenesis with anti-inflammatory activity and be a potential source of functional food ingredients for the prevention of osteoporosis. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Liang Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki H Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang S Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye M Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong H Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Xie CL, Park KH, Kang SS, Cho KM, Lee DH. Isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves attenuate ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats by anti-inflammatory activity. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:1499-1506. [PMID: 32851642 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.v101.410.1002/jsfa.10763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an increasing aging population, postmenopausal osteoporosis has become a global public health problem. Previous evidence has shown that postmenopausal osteoporosis is a skeletal disease mainly caused by estrogen deficiency, generally accompanied by inflammation, and dietary isoflavones may ameliorate postmenopausal osteoporosis by anti-inflammatory activity. We have generated isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves (IESLs), but their anti-inflammatory activity and effect on attenuating osteoporosis are still obscure. Here, we determined the isoflavone profiles of IESLs and evaluated their anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and anti-osteoporotic effects on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. RESULTS IESLs had a high content of total isoflavone. Hydrolysate of IESLs (HIESLs) was rich with the aglycones daidzein and genistein, and HIESLs can significantly inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by reducing messenger RNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL6, and IL1β. Moreover, ovariectomized rats receiving aqueous extracts of IESLs (HIESLs) orally maintained more bone mass than control rats did, which was attributed to inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by downregulating the messenger RNA expression of the bone-specific genes RANKL/OPG, OC, and cathepsin K, and the inflammation-related genes IL6, NFκB, and COX-2. CONCLUSION IESLs may attenuate postmenopausal osteoporosis by suppressing osteoclastogenesis with anti-inflammatory activity and be a potential source of functional food ingredients for the prevention of osteoporosis. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Liang Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki H Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang S Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye M Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong H Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Seo WD, Kang JE, Choi SW, Lee KS, Lee MJ, Park KD, Lee JH. Comparison of nutritional components (isoflavone, protein, oil, and fatty acid) and antioxidant properties at the growth stage of different parts of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:339-347. [PMID: 30263548 PMCID: PMC6049444 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first study to investigate antioxidant capacities of isoflavones prepared using microwave-assisted hydrolysis method from different parts (seeds, leaves, leafstalks, pods, stems and roots) of soybean at growth stages. In addition, the fluctuations in the isoflavone, protein, fatty acid, and oil contents in R6-R8 (R6: beginning; R7: beginning maturity; R8: full maturity) seeds were confirmed. The R7 seeds exhibited the most predominant contents of isoflavones (1218.1±7.3 μg/g) in the following order: daidzein (48%)>genistein (35%)>glycitein (17%). The second highest isoflavone content was found in the leaves (1052.1±10.4 μg/g), followed by R8 seeds>roots>R6 seeds>leafstalks> pods; the stems exhibited the lowest isoflavone content (57.2±1.7 μg/g). Interestingly, daidzein showed the highest individual isoflavone content with remarkable variations (57.2-766.8 μg/g), representing 46-100% of the total isoflavone content. R8 exhibited higher protein, fatty acid, and oil contents than R6 or R7. Moreover, the antioxidant capacities against two radicals in different parts of soybean plant showed considerable differences depending upon the isoflavone content. Our results suggested that soybean leaves and seeds might be useful materials for functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Duck Seo
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55365 Korea
| | - Jae Eun Kang
- Division of Research Development and Education, National Institute of Chemical Safety (NICS), Ministry of Environment, Daejeon, 34111 Korea
| | - Sik-Won Choi
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55365 Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55365 Korea
| | - Mi-Ja Lee
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55365 Korea
| | - Ki-Do Park
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55365 Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Division of Research Development and Education, National Institute of Chemical Safety (NICS), Ministry of Environment, Daejeon, 34111 Korea
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Yuk HJ, Song YH, Curtis-Long MJ, Kim DW, Woo SG, Lee YB, Uddin Z, Kim CY, Park KH. Ethylene Induced a High Accumulation of Dietary Isoflavones and Expression of Isoflavonoid Biosynthetic Genes in Soybean (Glycine max) Leaves. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:7315-7324. [PMID: 27626287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dietary isoflavones, daidzein and genistein are of huge interest in the nutraceutical field due to their practical application to postmenopause complications. This study is the first report an efficient method to prepare isoflavone rich soybean leaves (soyleaves) which is an edible food stuff in Asian countries. The preharvest treatment of ethylene highly stimulated the level of isoflavone in soyleaves. Annotation and quantification of metabolites were determined by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and HPLC. Phenolic metabolites of soyleaves are mostly kaempferol glycosides, but not dietary isoflavones. The accumulated isoflavones by ethylene treatment were determined to be daidzin 1, genistin 2, malonyldaidzin 3 and malonylgenistin 4, which were easily hydrolyzed to daidzein and genistein by β-glucosidase. Total content of dietary isoflavones was increased up to 13854 μg/g. The most suitable condition was estimated to be 250 μg/g ethylene or 200 μg/g ethephon (ethylene donor) treatment at the R3 growth stage. The ratio of daidzein and genistein glycosides was approximately 5 to 3. The accumulated isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes were identified within the transcriptome of soyleaves tissues at 1 day after treatment of ethephon. The quantitative RT-PCR analysis of these genes indicated significantly higher expression of CHS, CHI, IFS, HID, IF7GT, and IF7MaT compared to control leaves. These findings suggest that ethylene activates a set of structural genes involved in isoflavonoid biosynthesis, thereby leading to enhanced production of isoflavones in soybean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heung Joo Yuk
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hun Song
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcus J Curtis-Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Dae Wook Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Gyeong Woo
- Biological Resource, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Bok Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Zia Uddin
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
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Kim JE, Jeon SM, Park KH, Lee WS, Jeong TS, McGregor RA, Choi MS. Does Glycine max leaves or Garcinia Cambogia promote weight-loss or lower plasma cholesterol in overweight individuals: a randomized control trial. Nutr J 2011; 10:94. [PMID: 21936892 PMCID: PMC3189865 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural food supplements with high flavonoid content are often claimed to promote weight-loss and lower plasma cholesterol in animal studies, but human studies have been more equivocal. The aim of this study was firstly to determine the effectiveness of natural food supplements containing Glycine max leaves extract (EGML) or Garcinia cambogia extract (GCE) to promote weight-loss and lower plasma cholesterol. Secondly to examine whether these supplements have any beneficial effect on lipid, adipocytokine or antioxidant profiles. METHODS Eighty-six overweight subjects (Male:Female = 46:40, age: 20~50 yr, BMI > 23 < 29) were randomly assigned to three groups and administered tablets containing EGML (2 g/day), GCE (2 g/day) or placebo (starch, 2 g/day) for 10 weeks. At baseline and after 10 weeks, body composition, plasma cholesterol and diet were assessed. Blood analysis was also conducted to examine plasma lipoproteins, triglycerides, adipocytokines and antioxidants. RESULTS EGML and GCE supplementation failed to promote weight-loss or any clinically significant change in %body fat. The EGML group had lower total cholesterol after 10 weeks compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). EGML and GCE had no effect on triglycerides, non-HDL-C, adipocytokines or antioxidants when compared to placebo supplementation. However, HDL-C was higher in the EGML group (p < 0.001) after 10 weeks compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Ten weeks of EGML or GCE supplementation did not promote weight-loss or lower total cholesterol in overweight individuals consuming their habitual diet. Although, EGML did increase plasma HDL-C levels which is associated with a lower risk of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Min Jeon
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Program), EB-NCRC, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Song Lee
- Eco-Friendly Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sook Jeong
- National Research Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism & Atherosclerosis, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Robin A McGregor
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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