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Reyes AWB, Vu SH, Huy TXN, Min W, Lee HJ, Chang HH, Lee JH, Kim S. Modulatory Effect of Linoleic Acid During Brucella abortus 544 Infection in Murine Macrophage RAW264.7 Cells and Murine Model BALB/c Mice. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:642-648. [PMID: 32482929 PMCID: PMC9728246 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1911.11037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of linoleic acid (LA) treatment on Brucella abortus infection in professional phagocyte RAW264.7 cells, particularly during the pathogens invasion and intracellular growth in these cells, as well as in murine model BALB/c mice focusing on bacterial splenic proliferation and immunoregulatory activities. LA inhibited the growth of Brucella in a doseand time-dependent manner. The ability of the pathogen to enter the phagocytes was inhibited as was its survival within these cells. This was accompanied by increased nitrite accumulation in these cells at 24 h post-infection. The concentration of LA used in the present study did not affect the total body weight or liver function of the mice. During Brucella infection, the total splenic weight of these animals was not changed; rather, resistance to bacterial proliferation was enhanced in the spleen. Furthermore, mice treated with LA displayed elevated levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ but reduced levels of IL-10 during infection. The findings in this study showed the regulatory role of LA against B. abortus infection suggesting its potential use in designing intervention strategy for brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Son Hai Vu
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Xuan Ngoc Huy
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Wongi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Jang Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Hee Chang
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Bandeira V, Virgós E, Azevedo A, Carvalho J, Cunha MV, Fonseca C. Sex and season explain spleen weight variation in the Egyptian mongoose. Curr Zool 2018; 65:11-20. [PMID: 30697234 PMCID: PMC6347055 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoy031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon Linnaeus, 1758) is a medium-sized carnivore that experienced remarkable geographic expansion over the last 3 decades in the Iberian Peninsula. In this study, we investigated the association of species-related and abiotic factors with spleen weight (as a proxy for immunocompetence) in the species. We assessed the relationship of body condition, sex, age, season, and environmental conditions with spleen weight established for 508 hunted specimens. Our results indicate that the effects of sex and season outweigh those of all other variables, including body condition. Spleen weight is higher in males than in females, and heavier spleens are more likely to be found in spring, coinciding with the highest period of investment in reproduction due to mating, gestation, birth, and lactation. Coupled with the absence of an effect of body condition, our findings suggest that spleen weight variation in this species is mostly influenced by life-history traits linked to reproduction, rather than overall energy availability, winter immunoenhancement, or energy partitioning effects, and prompt further research focusing on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Bandeira
- Department of Biology & Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Emilio Virgós
- Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Área Biodiversidad y Conservación, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología (ESCET), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán, s/n, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandre Azevedo
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, Berlin, Germany.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Carvalho
- Department of Biology & Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal.,Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica V Cunha
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, Portugal.,cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fonseca
- Department of Biology & Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
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Hill LA, Bodnar TS, Weinberg J, Hammond GL. Corticosteroid-binding globulin is a biomarker of inflammation onset and severity in female rats. J Endocrinol 2016; 230:215-25. [PMID: 27418032 PMCID: PMC5338597 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Plasma corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) plays a critical role in regulating glucocorticoid bioavailability and is an acute phase 'negative' protein during inflammation. In an adjuvant-induced arthritis model, plasma CBG levels decrease in rats that develop severe inflammation, and we have now determined when and how these reductions in CBG occur. After administering complete Freund's adjuvant or saline intra-dermally at the tail base, blood samples were taken periodically for 16days. In adjuvant-treated rats, decreases in plasma CBG levels matched the severity of inflammation, and decreases were observed 4days before any clinical signs of inflammation. Decreases in CBG levels coincided with an ~5kDa reduction in its apparent size, consistent with proteolytic cleavage, and cleaved CBG lacked steroid-binding activity. At the termination of the experimental period, hepatic Cbg mRNA levels were decreased in rats with severe inflammation. While plasma TNF-α increased in all adjuvant-treated rats, increases in Il-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and IFN-γ were only observed in rats with cleaved CBG. Rats with cleaved CBG also exhibited increased spleen weights, and strong negative correlations were observed among CBG, IL-6 and spleen weights, respectively. However, there were no differences in hepatic Cbg mRNA levels in relation to the apparent proteolysis of CBG, suggesting that CBG cleavage occurs before changes in hepatic Cbg expression. Our results indicate that the levels and integrity of plasma CBG are biomarkers of the onset and severity of inflammation. Dynamic changes in the levels and function of CBG likely modulate the tissue availability of corticosterone during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Hill
- Department of Cellular and Physiological SciencesUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tamara S Bodnar
- Department of Cellular and Physiological SciencesUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joanne Weinberg
- Department of Cellular and Physiological SciencesUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Geoffrey L Hammond
- Department of Cellular and Physiological SciencesUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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