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Sikiric P, Boban Blagaic A, Strbe S, Beketic Oreskovic L, Oreskovic I, Sikiric S, Staresinic M, Sever M, Kokot A, Jurjevic I, Matek D, Coric L, Krezic I, Tvrdeic A, Luetic K, Batelja Vuletic L, Pavic P, Mestrovic T, Sjekavica I, Skrtic A, Seiwerth S. The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:461. [PMID: 38675421 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We highlight the particular aspects of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 pleiotropic beneficial activity (not destroyed in human gastric juice, native and stable in human gastric juice, as a cytoprotection mediator holds a response specifically related to preventing or recovering damage as such) and its possible relations with neurotransmitter activity. We attempt to resolve the shortage of the pleiotropic beneficial effects of BPC 157, given the general standard neurotransmitter criteria, in classic terms. We substitute the lack of direct conclusive evidence (i.e., production within the neuron or present in it as a precursor molecule, released eliciting a response on the receptor on the target cells on neurons and being removed from the site of action once its signaling role is complete). This can be a network of interconnected evidence, previously envisaged in the implementation of the cytoprotection effects, consistent beneficial particular evidence that BPC 157 therapy counteracts dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, adrenalin/noradrenalin, acetylcholine, and NO-system disturbances. This specifically includes counteraction of those disturbances related to their receptors, both blockade and over-activity, destruction, depletion, tolerance, sensitization, and channel disturbances counteraction. Likewise, BPC 157 activates particular receptors (i.e., VGEF and growth hormone). Furthermore, close BPC 157/NO-system relations with the gasotransmitters crossing the cell membrane and acting directly on molecules inside the cell may envisage particular interactions with receptors on the plasma membrane of their target cells. Finally, there is nerve-muscle relation in various muscle disturbance counteractions, and nerve-nerve relation in various encephalopathies counteraction, which is also exemplified specifically by the BPC 157 therapy application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivana Oreskovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suncana Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Sever
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jurjevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijel Matek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Coric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ante Tvrdeic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kresimir Luetic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lovorka Batelja Vuletic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Pavic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Mestrovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivica Sjekavica
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Smoday IM, Krezic I, Kalogjera L, Vukovic V, Zizek H, Skoro M, Kovac KK, Vranes H, Barisic I, Sikiric S, Strbe S, Tepes M, Oroz K, Zubcic S, Stupnisek M, Beketic Oreskovic L, Kavelj I, Novosel L, Prenc M, Barsic Ostojic S, Dobric I, Sever M, Blagaic AB, Skrtic A, Staresinic M, Sjekavica I, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Therapy for Inferior Caval Vein Embolization: Recovery of Sodium Laurate-Post-Embolization Syndrome in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1507. [PMID: 37895979 PMCID: PMC10610251 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
After inferior caval vein embolization therapy, post-embolization syndrome (sodium laurate 10 mg/kg, 0.1 mL into rat inferior caval vein, assessment at 15, 30, 60 min, prime lung lesions, thromboemboli occluding lung vessels), as a severe occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome, might be resolved as a whole by stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy. At 5 min after laurate injection, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 was implemented as therapy (10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg intraperitoneally or intragastrically). As before, confronted with the occlusion of major vessel(s) or similar noxious procedures, such as rapidly acting Virchow triad circumstances, the particular effect of the therapy (i.e., collateral pathways activation, "bypassing vascular key", i.e., direct blood flow delivery via activation of azygos vein) assisted in the recovery of the vessel/s and counteracted multiorgan failure due to occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome as a whole in the laurate-injected rats. Along with prime lung lesions and thromboemboli occluding lung vessels, post-embolization syndrome rapidly occurred peripherally and centrally as a shared multiorgan and vessel failure, brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract lesions, venous hypertension (intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal, and caval), aortal hypotension, progressing thrombosis in veins and arteries and stasis, congested and/or failed major veins, and severe ECG disturbances. Whatever the cause, these were all counteracted, eliminated, or attenuated by the application of BPC 157 therapy. As recovery with BPC 157 therapy commonly and rapidly occurred, reversing the collapsed azygos vein to the rescuing collateral pathway might initiate rapid direct blood delivery and start blood flow reorganization. In conclusion, we suggest BPC 157 therapy to resolve further vascular and embolization injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Maria Smoday
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Luka Kalogjera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Vlasta Vukovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Helena Zizek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Marija Skoro
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Katarina Kasnik Kovac
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Hrvoje Vranes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Ivan Barisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Suncana Sikiric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Marijan Tepes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Katarina Oroz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Slavica Zubcic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Mirjana Stupnisek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Lidija Beketic Oreskovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Ivana Kavelj
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Luka Novosel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Matea Prenc
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Sanja Barsic Ostojic
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Ivan Dobric
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb,10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Marko Sever
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb,10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb,10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Ivica Sjekavica
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
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Premuzic Mestrovic I, Smoday IM, Kalogjera L, Krezic I, Zizek H, Vranes H, Vukovic V, Oroz K, Skorak I, Brizic I, Hriberski K, Novosel L, Kavelj I, Barisic I, Beketic Oreskovic L, Zubcic S, Strbe S, Mestrovic T, Pavic P, Staresinic M, Skrtic A, Boban Blagaic A, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Antiarrhythmic Sotalol, Occlusion/Occlusion-like Syndrome in Rats, and Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:977. [PMID: 37513889 PMCID: PMC10383471 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We focused on the first demonstration that antiarrhythmics, particularly class II and class III antiarrhythmic and beta-blocker sotalol can induce severe occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome in rats. In this syndrome, as in similar syndromes with permanent occlusion of major vessels, peripheral and central, and other similar noxious procedures that severely disable endothelium function, the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157-collateral pathways activation, was a resolving therapy. After a high dose of sotalol (80 mg/kg intragastrically) in 180 min study, there were cause-consequence lesions in the brain (swelling, intracerebral hemorrhage), congestion in the heart, lung, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract, severe bradycardia, and intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal and caval hypertension, and aortal hypotension, and widespread thrombosis, peripherally and centrally. Major vessels failed (congested inferior caval and superior mesenteric vein, collapsed azygos vein). BPC 157 therapy (10 µg, 10 ng/kg given intragastrically at 5 min or 90 min sotalol-time) effectively counteracted sotalol-occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome. In particular, eliminated were heart dilatation, and myocardial congestion affecting coronary veins and arteries, as well as myocardial vessels; eliminated were portal and caval hypertension, lung parenchyma congestion, venous and arterial thrombosis, attenuated aortal hypotension, and centrally, attenuated intracranial (superior sagittal sinus) hypertension, brain lesions and pronounced intracerebral hemorrhage. Further, BPC 157 eliminated and/or markedly attenuated liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract congestion and major veins congestion. Therefore, azygos vein activation and direct blood delivery were essential for particular BPC 157 effects. Thus, preventing such and similar events, and responding adequately when that event is at risk, strongly advocates for further BPC 157 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Maria Smoday
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Kalogjera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helena Zizek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Vranes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlasta Vukovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Oroz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Skorak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Brizic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klaudija Hriberski
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Novosel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kavelj
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Barisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Slavica Zubcic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Mestrovic
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Pavic
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Staresinic M, Japjec M, Vranes H, Prtoric A, Zizek H, Krezic I, Gojkovic S, Smoday IM, Oroz K, Staresinic E, Dretar V, Yago H, Milavic M, Sikiric S, Lovric E, Batelja Vuletic L, Simeon P, Dobric I, Strbe S, Kokot A, Vlainic J, Blagaic AB, Skrtic A, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Striated, Smooth, and Heart Muscle. Biomedicines 2022; 10. [PMID: 36551977 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
First, we review the definitively severed myotendinous junction and recovery by the cytoprotective stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy, its healing that might combine both transected and detached tendon and transected muscle, ligament and bone injuries, applied alone, as native peptide therapy, effective in rat injury, given intraperitoneally or in drinking water or topically, at the site of injury. As a follow up, we reviewed that with the BPC 157 therapy, its cytoprotective ability to organize simultaneous healing of different tissues of and full recovery of the myotendinous junction might represent the particular muscle therapy against distinctive etiopathology muscle disabilities and weakness. In this, BPC 157 therapy might recover many of muscle disabilities (i.e., succinylcholine, vascular occlusion, spinal cord compression, stroke, traumatic brain injury, severe electrolyte disturbances, neurotoxins, neuroleptics, alcohol, serotonin syndrome and NO-system blockade and tumor-cachexia). These might provide practical realization of the multimodal muscle-axis impact able to react depending on the condition and the given agent(s) and the symptoms distinctively related to the prime injurious cause symptoms in the wide healing concept, the concept of cytoprotection, in particular. Further, the BPC 157 therapy might be the recovery for the disabled heart functioning, and disabled smooth muscle functioning (various sphincters function recovery). Finally, BPC 157, native and stable in human gastric juice, might be a prototype of anti-ulcer cytoprotective peptide for the muscle therapy with high curing potential (very safe profile (lethal dose not achieved), with suited wide effective range (µg-ng regimens) and ways of application).
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Gamulin O, Oroz K, Coric L, Krajacic M, Skrabic M, Dretar V, Strbe S, Talapko J, Juzbasic M, Krezic I, Lozic M, Stambolija V, Zizek H, Jurca I, Jurjevic I, Blagaic AB, Skrtic A, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Reveals Molecular Changes in Blood Vessels of Rats Treated with Pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123130. [PMID: 36551886 PMCID: PMC9775416 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, it was found that when confronted with major vessel occlusion and vascular failure, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy might rapidly functionally improve minor vessels to take over the function of disabled major vessels, reorganize blood flow, and compensate failed vessel function. We focused on the BPC 157 therapy effect obtained by giving 10 ng/kg ip to rats 5 min before sacrifice on the rat thoracic aorta, which we assessed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 90 min thereafter. We applied a principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA model showed, with a clear distinction being mostly due to the PC1 score, differences between the spectra of BPC 157- and saline-treated rats. The comparison of the averaged spectra of these two groups with their differential spectrum and PC loadings allowed us to identify the parts of the FTIR spectra that contributed the most to the spectral separation of the two observed groups. The PC1 loadings and the differential spectrum showed that the main bands affecting the separation were the amid I band around 1650 cm-1, the amid II band around 1540 cm-1, and the vibrational band around 1744 cm-1. Fitting the spectral range between 1450 and 1800 cm-1 showed changes in protein conformation and confirmed the appearance of the vibrational band at 1744 cm-1. Controls had a substantially more intense vibrational band at 1744 cm-1. These spectral results showed the cells from saline-treated (control) rats to be in the early stage of cell death, while the samples from BPC 157-rats were protected. Thus, BPC 157 therapy changed the lipid contents and protein secondary structure conformation, with a rapid effect on vessels, within a short time upon application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozren Gamulin
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Oroz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Coric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maria Krajacic
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Skrabic
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vilim Dretar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Juzbasic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Lozic
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vasilije Stambolija
- Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helena Zizek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jurca
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jurjevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (P.S.); Tel.: +385-1-4566-980 (A.S.); +385-1-4566-833 (P.S.); Fax: +385-1-4920-050 (A.S. & P.S.)
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (P.S.); Tel.: +385-1-4566-980 (A.S.); +385-1-4566-833 (P.S.); Fax: +385-1-4920-050 (A.S. & P.S.)
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Rasic D, Zenko Sever A, Rasic F, Strbe S, Rasic Z, Djuzel A, Duplancic B, Boban Blagaic A, Skrtic A, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P, Sever M. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Heals Established Vesicovaginal Fistula and Counteracts Stone Formation in Rats. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091206. [PMID: 34572392 PMCID: PMC8465604 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy known to heal various both external and internal rat fistulas, we attempt to approach vesicovaginal fistula, continuous urine leaking through vagina, bladder stones, and a possible therapy solution among rats with well-formed 2 week-fistulas (vaginal/vesical 4 mm large defects) started with delayed therapy. Subsequent control fistula course (the subsequent 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks) since beginning revealed the failed healing, fistula leaking, adhesions, urinary leaking through vagina, failed epithelization, collagenization, granulation tissue and neovascularization, increased inflammation, and necrosis. Thereby, the later intervals revealed the persistent inability to sustain even minimal volume, vesical, and vaginal defects and stone formation at the end of the experiment (fistula-time day 56). BPC 157 therapy (10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg, intraperitoneally once time daily or perorally in drinking water until sacrifice) was initiated with a considerable delay (at 2 weeks after fistula formation). Already within 1 week therapy, all BPC 157 regimens stopped urinary leaking through vagina, reversed the otherwise resistant poor healing course to the increased epithelization, collagenization, granulation tissue and neovascularization, decreased inflammation, and decreased necrosis. Thereby, at later intervals, all BPC 157 rats exhibited a five times larger volume that can be sustained before leaking as in healthy, vesical, and vaginal defects completely closed and no stone formation. Thus, macro/microscopic and functional recovery, and counteracted stone formation. Concluding, BPC 157 therapy’s beneficial effects resulted in healing and no stone formation, with µg- and ng-regimens, either given daily perorally in drinking water or intraperitoneally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domagoj Rasic
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 3b, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Anita Zenko Sever
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 9, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.Z.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Fran Rasic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, POB 916, Salata 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (F.R.); (S.S.); (A.D.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, POB 916, Salata 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (F.R.); (S.S.); (A.D.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Zarko Rasic
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 3b, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Z.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Antonija Djuzel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, POB 916, Salata 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (F.R.); (S.S.); (A.D.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Bozidar Duplancic
- Department of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, POB 916, Salata 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (F.R.); (S.S.); (A.D.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 9, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.Z.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (P.S.); Tel.: +385-1-4566-980 (A.S.); +385-1-4566-833 (P.S.); Fax: +385-1-492-0050 (A.S. & P.S.)
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 9, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.Z.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, POB 916, Salata 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (F.R.); (S.S.); (A.D.); (A.B.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (P.S.); Tel.: +385-1-4566-980 (A.S.); +385-1-4566-833 (P.S.); Fax: +385-1-492-0050 (A.S. & P.S.)
| | - Marko Sever
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 3b, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Z.R.); (M.S.)
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Seiwerth S, Milavic M, Vukojevic J, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Vuletic LB, Pavlov KH, Petrovic A, Sikiric S, Vranes H, Prtoric A, Zizek H, Durasin T, Dobric I, Staresinic M, Strbe S, Knezevic M, Sola M, Kokot A, Sever M, Lovric E, Skrtic A, Blagaic AB, Sikiric P. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:627533. [PMID: 34267654 PMCID: PMC8275860 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: The antiulcer peptide, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (previously employed in ulcerative colitis and multiple sclerosis trials, no reported toxicity (LD1 not achieved)), is reviewed, focusing on the particular skin wound therapy, incisional/excisional wound, deep burns, diabetic ulcers, and alkali burns, which may be generalized to the other tissues healing. Recent Advances: BPC 157 has practical applicability (given alone, with the same dose range, and same equipotent routes of application, regardless the injury tested). Critical Issues: By simultaneously curing cutaneous and other tissue wounds (colocutaneous, gastrocutaneous, esophagocutaneous, duodenocutaneous, vesicovaginal, and rectovaginal) in rats, the potency of BPC 157 is evident. Healing of the wounds is accomplished by resolution of vessel constriction, the primary platelet plug, the fibrin mesh which acts to stabilize the platelet plug, and resolution of the clot. Thereby, BPC 157 is effective in wound healing much like it is effective in counteracting bleeding disorders, produced by amputation, and/or anticoagulants application. Likewise, BPC 157 may prevent and/or attenuate or eliminate, thus, counteract both arterial and venous thrombosis. Then, confronted with obstructed vessels, there is circumvention of the occlusion, which may be the particular action of BPC 157 in ischemia/reperfusion. Future Directions: BPC 157 rapidly increases various genes expression in rat excision skin wound. This would define the healing in the other tissues, that is, gastrointestinal tract, tendon, ligament, muscle, bone, nerve, spinal cord, cornea (maintained transparency), and blood vessels, seen with BPC 157 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Milavic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jaksa Vukojevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slaven Gojkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Andrea Petrovic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suncana Sikiric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Vranes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Prtoric
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helena Zizek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tajana Durasin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Dobric
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Knezevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Sola
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine Osijek, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marko Sever
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eva Lovric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Tlak Gajger I, Ribarić J, Smodiš Škerl M, Vlainić J, Sikirić P. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in honeybee (Apis mellifera) therapy, to control Nosema ceranae invasions in apiary conditions. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 41:614-621. [PMID: 29682749 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nosema ceranae can cause major problems, such as immune suppression, gut epithelial cell degeneration, reduced honeybee lifespan, or suddenly colony collapse. As a novel approach in therapy, we hypothesize the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in honeybee therapy, to control N. ceranae invasions in apiary conditions: BPC 157 treated sugar syrup (0.25 L sugar syrup supplemented with 0.1 μg/ml BPC 157), as well as the pure sugar syrup (0.25 L sugar syrup; control), was administered to honeybee colonies in feeders situated under the roof of the hives, during 21 consecutive days, at the end of beekeeping season. The strength of honeybee colonies was increased 20 and 30 days after initial feeding with BPC 157 supplement (Day 1, 36.100 ± 698; Day 20, 64.860 ± 468; Day 30, 53.214 ± 312 estimated number of honeybees), in field conditions. The similar successful outcome occurs with the N. ceranae spore loads counted in the homogenates of sampled adult honeybees (Day 1, 6.286 ± 2.336; Day 20, 3.753 ± 1.835; Day 30, 2.005 ± 1.534 million spores/bee). Accordingly, with the noted increased strength of the colonies fed with sugar syrup supplemented with BPC 157, the number of N. ceranae spores per honeybee gradually decreased as well. Besides, honeybees infected with N. ceranae fed with sugar syrup exhibited severe damage of midgut wall layers and epithelial cells. By contrast, in honeybees infected with N. ceranae fed with sugar syrup supplemented with BPC 157, all damages were markedly attenuated, damages of the outer muscular coat, in particular. In conclusion, the results of the first field trial on diseased honeybee colonies with BPC 157 indicate significant therapeutic effects with the used oral therapy with BPC 157 supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tlak Gajger
- Department for Biology and Pathology of Fish and Bees, Laboratory for Honeybee Diseases - NRL, University of Zagreb Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J Ribarić
- Ministry of Agriculture Veterinary and Food Safety Directorate, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - J Vlainić
- Institute Ruđer Bošković, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - P Sikirić
- University of Zagreb Medical Faculty, Zagreb, Croatia
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