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Yakubu I, Kong HG. The Relationship between the Sugar Preference of Bacterial Pathogens and Virulence on Plants. Plant Pathol J 2023; 39:529-537. [PMID: 38081313 PMCID: PMC10721386 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.rw.06.2023.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic bacteria colonize plant surfaces and inner tissues to acquire essential nutrients. Nonstructural sugars hold paramount significance among these nutrients, as they serve as pivotal carbon sources for bacterial sustenance. They obtain sugar from their host by diverting nonstructural carbohydrates en route to the sink or enzymatic breakdown of structural carbohydrates within plant tissues. Despite the prevalence of research in this domain, the area of sugar selectivity and preferences exhibited by plant pathogenic bacteria remains inadequately explored. Within this expository framework, our present review endeavors to elucidate the intricate variations characterizing the distribution of simple sugars within diverse plant tissues, thus influencing the virulence dynamics of plant pathogenic bacteria. Subsequently, we illustrate the apparent significance of comprehending the bacterial preference for specific sugars and sugar alcohols, postulating this insight as a promising avenue to deepen our comprehension of bacterial pathogenicity. This enriched understanding, in turn, stands to catalyze the development of more efficacious strategies for the mitigation of plant diseases instigated by bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaila Yakubu
- Department of Plant Medicine, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture/Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810211, Nigeria
| | - Hyun Gi Kong
- Department of Plant Medicine, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Joo Y, Sung JY, Shin SM, Park SJ, Kim KS, Park KD, Kim SB, Lee DW. A Retro-Aldol Reaction Prompted the Evolvability of a Phosphotransferase System for the Utilization of a Rare Sugar. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0366022. [PMID: 36786576 PMCID: PMC10101011 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03660-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the bacterial phosphotransferase system (PTS) linked to glycolysis is dependent on the availability of naturally occurring sugars. Although bacteria exhibit sugar specificities based on carbon catabolite repression, the acquisition and evolvability of the cellular sugar preference under conditions that are suboptimal for growth (e.g., environments rich in a rare sugar) are poorly understood. Here, we generated Escherichia coli mutants via a retro-aldol reaction to obtain progeny that can utilize the rare sugar d-tagatose. We detected a minimal set of adaptive mutations in the d-fructose-specific PTS to render E. coli capable of d-tagatose utilization. These E. coli mutant strains lost the tight regulation of both the d-fructose and N-acetyl-galactosamine PTS following deletions in the binding site of the catabolite repressor/activator protein (Cra) upstream from the fruBKA operon and in the agaR gene, encoding the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) repressor, respectively. Acquired d-tagatose catabolic pathways then underwent fine-tuned adaptation via an additional mutation in 1-phosphofructose kinase to adjust metabolic fluxes. We determined the evolutionary trajectory at the molecular level, providing insights into the mechanism by which enteric bacteria evolved a substrate preference for the rare sugar d-tagatose. Furthermore, the engineered E. coli mutant strain could serve as an in vivo high-throughput screening platform for engineering non-phosphosugar isomerases to produce rare sugars. IMPORTANCE Microorganisms generate energy through glycolysis, which might have preceded a rapid burst of evolution, including the evolution of cellular respiration in the primordial biosphere. However, little is known about the evolvability of cellular sugar preferences. Here, we generated Escherichia coli mutants via a retro-aldol reaction to obtain progeny that can utilize the rare sugar d-tagatose. Consequently, we identified mutational hot spots and determined the evolutionary trajectory at the molecular level. This provided insights into the mechanism by which enteric bacteria evolved substrate preferences for various sugars, accounting for the widespread occurrence of these taxa. Furthermore, the adaptive laboratory evolution-induced cellular chassis could serve as an in vivo high-throughput screening platform for engineering tailor-made non-phosphorylated sugar isomerases to produce low-calorigenic rare sugars showing antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic, and antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhye Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yoon Sung
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Shin
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jun Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Su Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Bo Kim
- Bio-Living Engineering Major, Global Leaders College, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hatanaka H, Toyonaga H, Ishida Y, Mizohata E, Ono E. Functional diversity and plasticity in the sugar preferences of Saccharomyces MALT transporters in domesticated yeasts. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 22:6823701. [PMID: 36367535 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maltose and maltotriose, together with glucose, are the major carbohydrates found in malts. Thus, brewing yeasts grown in malt-based brewing processes with serial re-pitching have likely increased their ability to uptake these sugars during domestication by modulating the expression and copy number of maltose transporter genes (MALT, also known as Malx1). However, the molecular basis for and structural insights into the sugar preferences of MALT proteins remain to be elucidated. Here we report the functional evaluation of two novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae MALT proteins, ScMalt#2p and ScMalt#5p, from industrial brewing yeasts, focusing on their maltose and maltotriose preferences. Structural models of the MALT proteins generated by AlphaFold2 and functional analyses of substitution mutants revealed that a very small number of amino acid residues in two spatially adjacent transmembrane helixes, TMH7 and TMH11, appear to be crucial for sugar preference. Thus, subtle conformational alterations conferred by a small number of amino acid polymorphisms within MALTs would contribute to the adaptation of domesticated brewing yeasts to the constrained carbohydrate environment of industrial wort during beer brewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyo Hatanaka
- Process Technology Development Department, Suntory Holdings Limited (SHD), 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan.,Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited (SIC), 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Hiromi Toyonaga
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited (SIC), 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ishida
- Process Technology Development Department, Suntory Holdings Limited (SHD), 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan.,Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited (SIC), 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Eiichi Mizohata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Ono
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited (SIC), 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
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