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Zhao H, Zhu Y, Ye H, He Y, Li H, Sun Y, Yang F, Wang R. Atomic-Scale Structure Dynamics of Nanocrystals Revealed By In Situ and Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy. Adv Mater 2022:e2206911. [PMID: 36153832 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystals are of great importance in material sciences and industry. Engineering nanocrystals with desired structures and properties is no doubt one of the most important challenges in the field, which requires deep insight into atomic-scale dynamics of nanocrystals during the process. The rapid developments of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), especially environmental TEM, reveal insights into nanocrystals to digest. According to the considerable progress based on in situ electron microscopy, a comprehensive review on nanocrystal dynamics from three aspects: nucleation and growth, structure evolution, and dynamics in reaction conditions are given. In the nucleation and growth part, existing nucleation theories and growth pathways are organized based on liquid and gas-solid phases. In the structure evolution part, the focus is on in-depth mechanistic understanding of the evolution, including defects, phase, and disorder/order transitions. In the part of dynamics in reaction conditions, solid-solid and gas-solid interfaces of nanocrystals in atmosphere are discussed and the structure-property relationship is correlated. Even though impressive progress is made, additional efforts are required to develop the integrated and operando TEM methodologies for unveiling nanocrystal dynamics with high spatial, energy, and temporal resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huanyu Ye
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yifei Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rongming Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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Gueye I, Shirai Y, Khadka DB, Seo O, Hiroi S, Yanagida M, Miyano K, Sakata O. Chemical and Electronic Investigation of Buried NiO 1-δ, PCBM, and PTAA/MAPbI 3-xCl x Interfaces Using Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:50481-50490. [PMID: 34644495 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Identification and profiling of molecular fragments generated over the lifespan of halide perovskite solar cells are needed to overcome the stability issues associated with these devices. Herein, we report the characterization of buried CH3NH3PbI3-xClx (HaP)-transport layer (TL) interfaces. By using hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy, we reveal that the chemical decomposition of HaP is TL-dependent. With NiO1-δ, phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), or poly(bis(4-phenyl) (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine) (PTAA) as TLs, probing depth analysis shows that the degradation takes place at the interface (HaP/TL) rather than the HaP bulk area. From core-level data analysis, we identified iodine migration toward the PCBM- and PTAA-TLs. Unexpected diffusion of nitrogen inside NiO1-δ-TL was also found for the HaP/NiO1-δ sample. With a HaP/PCBM junction, HaP is dissociated to PbI2, whereas HaP/PTAA contact favored the formation of CH3I. The low stability of HaP solar cells in the PTAA-TL system is attributed to the formation of CH3I and iodide ion vacancies. Improved stability observed with NiO1-δ-TL is related to weak dissociation of stoichiometric HaP. Here, we provide a new insight to further distinguish different mechanisms of degradation to improve the long-term stability and performance of HaP solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahima Gueye
- Synchrotron X-ray Group, Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Synchrotron X-ray Station at SPring-8, Research Network and Facility Services Division, NIMS, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shirai
- Centre for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Dhruba B Khadka
- Centre for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Okkyun Seo
- Synchrotron X-ray Group, Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Synchrotron X-ray Station at SPring-8, Research Network and Facility Services Division, NIMS, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hiroi
- Synchrotron X-ray Group, Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Synchrotron X-ray Station at SPring-8, Research Network and Facility Services Division, NIMS, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yanagida
- Centre for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Miyano
- Centre for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Osami Sakata
- Synchrotron X-ray Group, Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Synchrotron X-ray Station at SPring-8, Research Network and Facility Services Division, NIMS, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
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Vu CC, Kim J. Waterproof, thin, high-performance pressure sensors-hand drawing for underwater wearable applications. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2021; 22:718-728. [PMID: 34434076 PMCID: PMC8381950 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2021.1961100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors, especially pressure sensors, have become an indispensable part of life when reflecting human interactions and surroundings. However, the difficulties in technology and production-cost still limit their applicability in the field of human monitoring and healthcare. Herein, we propose a fabrication method with flexible, waterproof, thin, and high-performance circuits - based on hand-drawing for pressure sensors. The shape of the sensor is drawn on the pyralux film without assistance from any designing software and the wet-tissues coated by CNTs act as a sensing layer. Such sensor showed a sensitivity (~0.2 kPa-1) while ensuring thinness (~0.26 mm) and flexibility for touch detection or breathing monitoring. More especially, our sensor is waterproof for underwater wearable applications, which is a drawback of conventional paper-based sensors. Its outstanding capability is demonstrated in a real application when detecting touch actions to control a phone, while the sensor is dipped underwater. In addition, by leveraging machine learning technology, these touch actions were processed and classified to achieve highly accurate monitoring (up to 94%). The available materials, easy fabrication techniques, and machine learning algorithms are expected to bring significant contributions to the development of hand-drawing sensors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Cuong Vu
- Department of Organic Materials and Fibers Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyong Kim
- Department of Organic Materials and Fibers Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- CONTACT Jooyong Kim Department of Organic Materials and Fibers Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Dongjak-gu, 06978, Korea (The Republic of)
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