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NIBA EMMATABEEKO, ROCHMAH MAWADDAHAR, HARAHAP NURIMMAFATIMAH, AWANO HIROYUKI, MORIOKA ICHIRO, IIJIMA KAZUMOTO, TAKESHIMA YASUHIRO, SAITO TOSHIO, SAITO KAYOKO, TAKEUCHI ATSUKO, LAI POHSAN, BOUIKE YOSHIHIRO, MATSUO MASAFUMI, NISHIO HISAHIDE, SHINOHARA MASAKAZU. Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Advanced Version of Screening System with Real-Time mCOP-PCR and PCR-RFLP for SMN1 Deletion. Kobe J Med Sci 2019; 65:E49-E53. [PMID: 31956256 PMCID: PMC7012194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a common autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease characterized by defects of lower motor neurons. More than 95% of SMA patients show homozygous deletion for the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. For the screening of SMN1 deletion using dried blood spot (DBS), we developed a new combined system with real-time "modified competitive oligonucleotide priming"-polymerase chain reaction (mCOP-PCR) and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Although our real-time mCOP-PCR method is secured enough to be gene-specific, its amplification efficiency is not as good because the reverse primers carry a nucleotide mismatched with the sequence of the pre-amplified product. The mismatch has consequently been generated in the process of introducing a restriction enzyme site in the pre-amplified products for PCR-RFLP. METHOD DBS samples of the subjects were stored at room temperature for a period of less than one year. Each subject had already been genotyped by the first PCR-RFLP using fresh blood DNA. SMN1/SMN2 exon 7 was collectively amplified using conventional PCR (targeted pre-amplification). Pre-amplified products were used as template in the real-time mCOP-PCR, and, on the other hand, were digested with DraI enzyme (PCR-RFLP). To improve the amplification efficiency of mCOP-PCR, one nucleotide change was introduced in the original reverse primers (SMN1-COP and SMN2-COP) to eliminate the mismatched nucleotide. RESULTS The real-time mCOP-PCR with a new primer (SMN1-COP-DRA or SMN2-COP-DRA) more rapidly and specifically amplified SMN1 and SMN2, and clearly demonstrated SMN1 deletion in an SMA patient. With the new primers, the amplification efficiencies of real-time mCOP-PCR were improved and the Cq values of SMN1 (+) and SMN2 (+) samples were significantly lowered. CONCLUSION In the advanced version of our screening system for homozygous SMN1 deletion using DBS, the real-time mCOP-PCR with newly-designed reverse primers demonstrated the presence or absence of SMN1 and SMN2 within a shorter time, and the results were easily tested by PCR-RFLP. This rapid and accurate screening system will be useful for detection of newborn infants with SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- EMMA TABE EKO NIBA
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - MAWADDAH AR ROCHMAH
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - NUR IMMA FATIMAH HARAHAP
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - HIROYUKI AWANO
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - ICHIRO MORIOKA
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - KAZUMOTO IIJIMA
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - TOSHIO SAITO
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Toneyama National Hospital, Toneyama, Japan
| | - KAYOKO SAITO
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - POH SAN LAI
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - MASAFUMI MATSUO
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - HISAHIDE NISHIO
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - MASAKAZU SHINOHARA
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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NIBA EMMATABEEKO, ROCHMAH MAWADDAHAR, HARAHAP NURIMMAFATIMAH, AWANO HIROYUKI, MORIOKA ICHIRO, IIJIMA KAZUMOTO, TAKESHIMA YASUHIRO, SAITO TOSHIO, SAITO KAYOKO, TAKEUCHI ATSUKO, LAI POHSAN, BOUIKE YOSHIHIRO, MATSUO MASAFUMI, NISHIO HISAHIDE, SHINOHARA MASAKAZU. Spinal Muscular Atrophy: New Screening System with Real-Time mCOP-PCR and PCR-RFLP for SMN1 Deletion. Kobe J Med Sci 2019; 65:E44-E48. [PMID: 31956255 PMCID: PMC7012196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a common autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by degeneration or loss of lower motor neurons. More than 95% of SMA patients show homozygous deletion for the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. For the screening of SMN1 deletion, it is necessary to differentiate SMN1 from its highly homologous gene, SMN2. We developed a modified competitive oligonucleotide priming-PCR (mCOP-PCR) method using dried blood spot (DBS)-DNA, in which SMN1 and SMN2-specific PCR products are detected with gel-electrophoresis. Next, we added a targeted pre-amplification step prior to the mCOP-PCR step, to avoid unexpected, non-specific amplification. The pre-amplification step enabled us to combine mCOP-PCR and real-time PCR. In this study, we combined real-time mCOP-PCR and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to develop a new screening system for detection of SMN1 deletion. METHODS DBS samples of the subjects were stored at room temperature for a period of less than one year. Each subject had already been genotyped by the first PCR-RFLP using fresh blood DNA. SMN1/SMN2 exon 7 was collectively amplified using conventional PCR (targeted pre-amplification), the products of which were then used as a template in the real-time PCR with mCOP-primer sets. To confirm the results, the pre-amplified products were subject to the second PCR-RFLP. RESULTS The real-time mCOP-PCR separately amplified SMN1 and SMN2 exon7, and clearly demonstrated SMN1 deletion in an SMA patient. The results of the real-time mCOP-PCR using DBS-DNA were completely consistent with those of the first and second PCR-RFLP analysis. CONCLUSION In our new system for detection of SMN1 deletion, real-time mCOP-PCR rapidly proved the presence or absence of SMN1 and SMN2, and the results were easily tested by PCR-RFLP. This solid genotyping system will be useful for SMA screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- EMMA TABE EKO NIBA
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - MAWADDAH AR ROCHMAH
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - NUR IMMA FATIMAH HARAHAP
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - HIROYUKI AWANO
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - ICHIRO MORIOKA
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - KAZUMOTO IIJIMA
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - TOSHIO SAITO
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Toneyama National Hospital, Toneyama, Japan
| | - KAYOKO SAITO
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - POH SAN LAI
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - MASAFUMI MATSUO
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - HISAHIDE NISHIO
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - MASAKAZU SHINOHARA
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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WIJAYA YOGIKONKYSILVANA, NIBA EMMATABEEKO, ROCHMAH MAWADDAHAR, HARAHAP NURIMMAFATIMAH, AWANO HIROYUKI, TAKESHIMA YASUHIRO, SAITO TOSHIO, SAITO KAYOKO, TAKEUCHI ATSUKO, LAI POHSAN, BOUIKE YOSHIHIRO, NISHIO HISAHIDE, SHINOHARA MASAKAZU. Nested PCR Amplification Secures DNA Template Quality and Quantity in Real-time mCOP-PCR Screening for SMA. Kobe J Med Sci 2019; 65:E54-E58. [PMID: 31956257 PMCID: PMC7012193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a common autosomal recessive disorder caused by SMN1 gene deletion. SMA has been considered an incurable disease. However, a newly-developed antisense oligonucleotide drug, nusinersen, brings about a good outcome to SMA patients in the clinical trials. Now, a screening for SMA is required for early diagnosis and early treatment so as to give a better clinical outcome to the patients. We have invented a new technology, mCOP-PCR, for SMA screening using dried blood spot (DBS) on the filter paper. One of the problems encountered in SMA screening is poor quality and quantity of DNA extracted from DBS. METHODS DNA was extracted from DBS of six individuals. Fresh blood DNA of each individual had already been genotyped using PCR/RFLP. The fragments including the sequence of SMN1/SMN2 exon 7 were pre-amplified with conventional PCR. To determine which pre-amplified product is a better template for the real-time mCOP-PCR, we did pre-amplification with a single PCR or pre-amplification with a nested PCR. RESULTS The real-time mCOP-PCR using pre-amplified products with a single PCR brought about ambiguous results in some SMN1-carrying individuals. However, the results of real-time mCOP-PCR following pre-amplification with a nested PCR were completely matched with those of PCR-RFLP. CONCLUSION In our study on the real-time mCOP-PCR screening system for SMA, a nested PCR secured the DNA template quality and quantity, leading to unambiguous results of SMA screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- YOGIK ONKY SILVANA WIJAYA
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - EMMA TABE EKO NIBA
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - MAWADDAH AR ROCHMAH
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - NUR IMMA FATIMAH HARAHAP
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - HIROYUKI AWANO
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - TOSHIO SAITO
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Toneyama National Hospital, Toneyama, Japan
| | - KAYOKO SAITO
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - POH SAN LAI
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - HISAHIDE NISHIO
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - MASAKAZU SHINOHARA
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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