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Wang Q, Shi NN, Han Y, Xiao NW. [Establishment of an indicator system for comprehensive assessment on terrestrial biodiversity in China]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2021; 32:2773-2782. [PMID: 34664450 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202108.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The comprehensive evaluation of terrestrial biodiversity is a key basic work for biodiversity protection. Clarifying the status, trend, and driving factors of biodiversity is premise and necessary for formulating policies and measures of biodiversity protection. At present, there is no unified indicator system for the comprehensive assessment of terrestrial biodiversity in China. We constructed a comprehensive assessment indicator system of terrestrial biodiversity in China, by combining the Aichi biodiversity targets of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the sustainable development goals of the United Nations, learning from the development trend of biodiversity assessment in the world, and following the Pressure-State-Response framework. A total of 22 indicators were obtained, including eight status indicators, seven pressure indicators, and seven response indicators. The correlation and accessibility of the indicators were analyzed. These indicators could be applied to not only an independent assessment for biodiversity status, threatened and protection effectiveness, but also for the comprehensive assessment of terrestrial biodiversity to optimize and adjust priority protection areas and protection measures. Our results would provide a technical support for calculating green GDP and formulating regional ecological compensation policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Na-Na Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yu Han
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Neng-Wen Xiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Shi H, Tian H, Lange S, Yang J, Pan S, Fu B, Reyer CPO. Terrestrial biodiversity threatened by increasing global aridity velocity under high-level warming. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2015552118. [PMID: 34462347 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015552118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Global aridification is projected to intensify. Yet, our knowledge of its potential impacts on species ranges remains limited. Here, we investigate global aridity velocity and its overlap with three sectors (natural protected areas, agricultural areas, and urban areas) and terrestrial biodiversity in historical (1979 through 2016) and future periods (2050 through 2099), with and without considering vegetation physiological response to rising CO2 Both agricultural and urban areas showed a mean drying velocity in history, although the concurrent global aridity velocity was on average +0.05/+0.20 km/yr-1 (no CO2 effects/with CO2 effects; "+" denoting wetting). Moreover, in drylands, the shifts of vegetation greenness isolines were found to be significantly coupled with the tracks of aridity velocity. In the future, the aridity velocity in natural protected areas is projected to change from wetting to drying across RCP (representative concentration pathway) 2.6, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5 scenarios. When accounting for spatial distribution of terrestrial taxa (including plants, mammals, birds, and amphibians), the global aridity velocity would be -0.15/-0.02 km/yr-1 ("-" denoting drying; historical), -0.12/-0.15 km/yr-1 (RCP2.6), -0.36/-0.10 km/yr-1 (RCP6.0), and -0.75/-0.29 km/yr-1 (RCP8.5), with amphibians particularly negatively impacted. Under all scenarios, aridity velocity shows much higher multidirectionality than temperature velocity, which is mainly poleward. These results suggest that aridification risks may significantly influence the distribution of terrestrial species besides warming impacts and further impact the effectiveness of current protected areas in future, especially under RCP8.5, which best matches historical CO2 emissions [C. R. Schwalm et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 19656-19657 (2020)].
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Collins GE, Hogg ID, Convey P, Sancho LG, Cowan DA, Lyons WB, Adams BJ, Wall DH, Green TGA. Genetic diversity of soil invertebrates corroborates timing estimates for past collapses of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22293-302. [PMID: 32839321 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007925117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the extent of ice sheets through evolutionary timescales have influenced the connectivity of soil invertebrate populations across the Antarctic landscape. We use genetic divergences to estimate isolation times for soil invertebrates along the Transantarctic Mountains. Four species of Collembola (Arthropoda) each showed genetically distinct populations at locations likely isolated for millions of years. Two further species were less genetically diverse although also range restricted. Our genetic data corroborate climate reconstructions and estimates of past warm periods of reduced ice and absent ice shelf in the Ross Sea region, during which time open seaways would have facilitated dispersal of Collembola, and possibly other taxa. During austral summer field seasons between 1999 and 2018, we sampled at 91 locations throughout southern Victoria Land and along the Transantarctic Mountains for six species of endemic microarthropods (Collembola), covering a latitudinal range from 76.0°S to 87.3°S. We assembled individual mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences (n = 866) and found high levels of sequence divergence at both small (<10 km) and large (>600 km) spatial scales for four of the six Collembola species. We applied molecular clock estimates and assessed genetic divergences relative to the timing of past glacial cycles, including collapses of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). We found that genetically distinct lineages within three species have likely been isolated for at least 5.54 My to 3.52 My, while the other three species diverged more recently (<2 My). We suggest that Collembola had greater dispersal opportunities under past warmer climates, via flotation along coastal margins. Similarly increased opportunities for dispersal may occur under contemporary climate warming scenarios, which could influence the genetic structure of extant populations. As Collembola are a living record of past landscape evolution within Antarctica, these findings provide biological evidence to support geological and glaciological estimates of historical WAIS dynamics over the last ca. 5 My.
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Obbels D, Verleyen E, Mano MJ, Namsaraev Z, Sweetlove M, Tytgat B, Fernandez-Carazo R, De Wever A, D'hondt S, Ertz D, Elster J, Sabbe K, Willems A, Wilmotte A, Vyverman W. Bacterial and eukaryotic biodiversity patterns in terrestrial and aquatic habitats in the Sør Rondane Mountains, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw041. [PMID: 26936447 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial and microeukaryotic biodiversity were studied using pyrosequencing analysis on a 454 GS FLX+ platform of partial SSU rRNA genes in terrestrial and aquatic habitats of the Sør Rondane Mountains, including soils, on mosses, endolithic communities, cryoconite holes and supraglacial and subglacial meltwater lenses. This inventory was complemented with Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis targeting Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria. OTUs belonging to the Rotifera, Chlorophyta, Tardigrada, Ciliophora, Cercozoa, Fungi, Bryophyta, Bacillariophyta, Collembola and Nematoda were present with a relative abundance of at least 0.1% in the eukaryotic communities. Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, FBP and Actinobacteria were the most abundant bacterial phyla. Multivariate analyses of the pyrosequencing data revealed a general lack of differentiation of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes according to habitat type. However, the bacterial community structure in the aquatic habitats was dominated by the filamentous cyanobacteria Leptolyngbya and appeared to be significantly different compared with those in dry soils, on mosses, and in endolithic habitats. A striking feature in all datasets was the detection of a relatively large amount of sequences new to science, which underscores the need for additional biodiversity assessments in Antarctic inland locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Obbels
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elie Verleyen
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie-José Mano
- Centre for Protein Engineering, Institute of Chemistry, Université de Liège, Sart-TilmanB6, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Zorigto Namsaraev
- Centre for Protein Engineering, Institute of Chemistry, Université de Liège, Sart-TilmanB6, B-4000 Liège, Belgium Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology RAS, Pr-t 60-letya Oktyabrya, 7/2, Moscow 117312, Russia NRC Kurchatov Institute, Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1, Moscow, 12 31 82, Russia
| | - Maxime Sweetlove
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Tytgat
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Rafael Fernandez-Carazo
- Centre for Protein Engineering, Institute of Chemistry, Université de Liège, Sart-TilmanB6, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Aaike De Wever
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sofie D'hondt
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Damien Ertz
- Botanic Garden Meise, Department Bryophytes-Thallophytes, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860 Meise, Belgium Federation Wallonia-Brussels, General Administration of the Non-Compulsory Education and Scientific Research, Rue A. Lavallée 1, 1080 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Josef Elster
- Centre for Polar Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, 379 82, Třeboň, Czech republic
| | - Koen Sabbe
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Willems
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Annick Wilmotte
- Centre for Protein Engineering, Institute of Chemistry, Université de Liège, Sart-TilmanB6, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Wim Vyverman
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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