1
|
Durán-Ferrer M, Villalba R, Fernández-Pacheco P, Tena-Tomás C, Jiménez-Clavero MÁ, Bouzada JA, Ruano MJ, Fernández-Pinero J, Arias M, Castillo-Olivares J, Agüero M. Clinical, Virological and Immunological Responses after Experimental Infection with African Horse Sickness Virus Serotype 9 in Immunologically Naïve and Vaccinated Horses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071545. [PMID: 35891525 PMCID: PMC9316263 DOI: 10.3390/v14071545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study described the clinical, virological, and serological responses of immunologically naïve and vaccinated horses to African horse sickness virus (AHSV) serotype 9. Naïve horses developed a clinical picture resembling the cardiac form of African horse sickness. This was characterized by inappetence, reduced activity, and hyperthermia leading to lethargy and immobility–recumbency by days 9–10 post-infection, an end-point criteria for euthanasia. After challenge, unvaccinated horses were viremic from days 3 or 4 post-infection till euthanasia, as detected by serogroup-specific (GS) real time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) and virus isolation. Virus isolation, antigen ELISA, and GS-rRT-PCR also demonstrated high sensitivity in the post-mortem detection of the pathogen. After infection, serogroup-specific VP7 antibodies were undetectable by blocking ELISA (b-ELISA) in 2 out of 3 unvaccinated horses during the course of the disease (9–10 dpi). Vaccinated horses did not show significant side effects post-vaccination and were largely asymptomatic after the AHSV-9 challenge. VP7-specific antibodies could not be detected by the b-ELISA until day 21 and day 30 post-inoculation, respectively. Virus neutralizing antibody titres were low or even undetectable for specific serotypes in the vaccinated horses. Virus isolation and GS-rRT-PCR detected the presence of AHSV vaccine strains genomes and infectious vaccine virus after vaccination and challenge. This study established an experimental infection model of AHSV-9 in horses and characterized the main clinical, virological, and immunological parameters in both immunologically naïve and vaccinated horses using standardized bio-assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Durán-Ferrer
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ctra. M-106, pk 1,4, 28110 Algete, Spain; (M.D.-F.); (R.V.); (J.-A.B.); (M.-J.R.)
| | - Rubén Villalba
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ctra. M-106, pk 1,4, 28110 Algete, Spain; (M.D.-F.); (R.V.); (J.-A.B.); (M.-J.R.)
| | - Paloma Fernández-Pacheco
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. M-106, pk 8,1, 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain; (P.F.-P.); (M.-Á.J.-C.); (J.F.-P.); (M.A.)
| | | | - Miguel-Ángel Jiménez-Clavero
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. M-106, pk 8,1, 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain; (P.F.-P.); (M.-Á.J.-C.); (J.F.-P.); (M.A.)
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Bouzada
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ctra. M-106, pk 1,4, 28110 Algete, Spain; (M.D.-F.); (R.V.); (J.-A.B.); (M.-J.R.)
| | - María-José Ruano
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ctra. M-106, pk 1,4, 28110 Algete, Spain; (M.D.-F.); (R.V.); (J.-A.B.); (M.-J.R.)
| | - Jovita Fernández-Pinero
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. M-106, pk 8,1, 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain; (P.F.-P.); (M.-Á.J.-C.); (J.F.-P.); (M.A.)
| | - Marisa Arias
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. M-106, pk 8,1, 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain; (P.F.-P.); (M.-Á.J.-C.); (J.F.-P.); (M.A.)
| | - Javier Castillo-Olivares
- Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK;
| | - Montserrat Agüero
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ctra. M-106, pk 1,4, 28110 Algete, Spain; (M.D.-F.); (R.V.); (J.-A.B.); (M.-J.R.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|