Zargaham MK, Ahmed M, Akhtar N, Ashraf Z, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Aufy M, Nadeem H. Synthesis, In Silico Studies, and Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Potential of 2-(Substituted Phenyl)
Thiazolidine-4-Carboxamide Derivatives.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023;
16:835. [PMID:
37375782 DOI:
10.3390/ph16060835]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic nuclei have shown a wide variety of biological activities, highlighting their importance in drug discovery. Derivatives of 2,4-subsituted thiazolidine have a structural similarity with the substrates of tyrosinase enzymes. Hence, they can be used as an inhibitor to compete against tyrosine in the biosynthesis of melanin. This study is focused on design, synthesis, biological activities, and in silico studies of thiazolidine derivatives substituted at positions 2 and 4. The synthesized compounds were evaluated to determine the antioxidant activity and tyrosine inhibitory potential using mushroom tyrosinase. The most potent tyrosinase enzyme inhibitor was compound 3c having IC50 value 16.5 ± 0.37 µM, whereas compound 3d showed maximum antioxidant activity in a DPPH free radical scavenging assay (IC50 = 18.17 µg/mL). Molecular docking studies were conducted using mushroom tyrosinase (PDB ID: 2Y9X) to analyze binding affinities and binding interactions of the protein-ligand complex. Docking results indicated that hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions were mainly involved in the ligand and protein complex. The highest binding affinity was found to be -8.4 Kcal/mol. These results suggest that thiazolidine-4-carboxamide derivatives could serve as lead molecules for development of novel potential tyrosinase inhibitors.
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