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Ashrafuzzaman M, Haque Z, Ali B, Mathew B, Yu P, Hochholdinger F, de Abreu Neto JB, McGillen MR, Ensikat HJ, Manning WJ, Frei M. Ethylenediurea (EDU) mitigates the negative effects of ozone in rice: Insights into its mode of action. Plant Cell Environ 2018; 41:2882-2898. [PMID: 30107647 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of ozone damage to crops plays an increasingly important role for the food security of many developing countries. Ethylenediurea (EDU) could be a tool to assess ozone damage to vegetation on field scale, but its physiological mode of action remains unclear. This study investigated mechanisms underlying the ozone-protection effect of EDU in controlled chamber experiments. Ozone sensitive and tolerant rice genotypes were exposed to ozone (108 ppb, 7 hr day-1 ) and control conditions. EDU alleviated ozone effects on plant morphology, foliar symptoms, lipid peroxidation, and photosynthetic parameters in sensitive genotypes. Transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing revealed that thousands of genes responded to ozone in a sensitive variety, but almost none responded to EDU. Significant interactions between ozone and EDU application occurred mostly in ozone responsive genes, in which up-regulation was mitigated by EDU application. Further experiments documented ozone degrading properties of EDU, as well as EDU deposits on leaf surfaces possibly related to surface protection. EDU application did not mitigate the reaction of plants to other abiotic stresses, including iron toxicity, zinc deficiency, and salinity. This study provided evidence that EDU is a surface protectant that specifically mitigates ozone stress without interfering directly with the plants' stress response systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashrafuzzaman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Zahidul Haque
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Basharat Ali
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Boby Mathew
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peng Yu
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Hochholdinger
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Hans-Jürgen Ensikat
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - William J Manning
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Frei
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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