1
|
Mehrotra N, Pal K. Tumor targeted nanohybrid for dual stimuli responsive and NIR amplified photothermal/photo-induced thermodynamic/chemodynamic combination therapy. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:035019. [PMID: 38471148 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad330f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The combination of photodynamic (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) for cancer treatment has gathered a lot of attention in recent years. However, its efficacy is severely limited by elevated levels of hypoxia and glutathione (GSH) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Multifunctional nanoparticles that can help remodel the TME while facilitating PDT/CDT combination therapy are the need of the hour. To this effect, we have developed O2self-supplying, free radical generating nanohybrids that exhibit near infra-red (NIR) triggered photothermal (PTT)/photo-induced thermodynamic (P-TDT) and CDT for efficient breast cancer treatment. The surface of nanohybrids has been further modified by biointerfacing with cancer cell membrane. The biomimetic nanohybrids have been comprehensively characterized and found to exhibit high 2,2'-azobis-[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride (AIPH) loading, GSH depletion, oxygen self-supply with TME responsive AIPH release. Biological activity assays demonstrate efficient cellular uptake with homotypic targeting, excellent hemo- and cytocompatibility as well as high intracellular reactive oxygen species generation with synergistic cytotoxicity against tumor cells. The multifunctional nanohybrid proposed in the present study provides an attractive strategy for achieving NIR responsive, tumor targeted PTT/P-TDT/CDT combination therapy for breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mehrotra
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li L, Lin Z, Xu X, Wang W, Chen H, Feng Z, Yang Z, Hao J. A pH/GSH/Glucose Responsive Nanozyme for Tumor Cascade Amplified Starvation and Chemodynamic Theranostics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:41224-41236. [PMID: 37615578 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes have brought enormous opportunities for disease theranostics. Here, a self-enhanced catalytic nanocrystal based on a bismuth-manganese core-shell nanoflower containing glucose oxide (GOx), termed BDS-GOx@MnOx, was designed for 4T1 tumor theranostics in vitro and in vivo. The BDS-GOx@MnOx nanozymes enable enhanced starvation treatment (ST) and chemotherapy (CDT) with high efficacy and exhibit sensitive tumor microenvironment (TME) responsive character for tumor therapy as well as for tumor-enhanced computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) diagnostic imaging. The characters and mechanism of the BDS-GOx@MnOx nanozymes have also been systematically studied and revealed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Li
- Future Institute of Technology, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077 Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zefeng Lin
- The State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area of PLA, Orthopedic Center, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xingyi Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wanshun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Trauma & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area of PLA, Orthopedic Center, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Hu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Trauma & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area of PLA, Orthopedic Center, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Trauma & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area of PLA, Orthopedic Center, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Yang
- Future Institute of Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077 Hong Kong, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao M, Zhuang H, Li B, Chen M, Chen X. In Situ Transformable Nanoplatforms with Supramolecular Cross-Linking Triggered Complementary Function for Enhanced Cancer Photodynamic Therapy. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2209944. [PMID: 36856448 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In vivo cross-linking of nanoparticles is widely used to increase accumulation of therapeutic agents at tumor site for enhanced therapy. However, the components in nanoplatforms usually only play for one role and are independent of each other, unable to amplify their biofunctions. Herein, a complementary functioning tumor microenvironment triggered, supramolecular coordination-induced nanoparticle cross-linking strategy is constructed for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Manganese oxide (MnOx ) and polyhydroxy photosensitizer hypericin (Hyp) are coated and loaded onto lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to form transformable UCNP@MnOx -Hyp. In CT26 mouse colon cancer cells and xenograft tumors, UCNP@MnOx -Hyp is reduced by glutathione and H2 O2 , releasing Mn2+ and Hyp for in situ cross-linking to transform to UCNP@Mn2+ -Hyp. Compared to the simple photosensitizer-loaded UCNP@PEI-Hyp, the Mn2+ -Hyp coordination redshifts absorbance of Hyp and improves the energy transfer efficiency from UCNPs to Hyp (5.6-fold). In turn, the supramolecular coordination-induced UCNPs cross-linking exhibits enhanced luminescence recovery and increased intracellular accumulation of both UCNPs and Hyp, thus enhancing the photodynamic therapy efficacy both at cellular level (2.1-fold) and in vivo, realizing the function amplification of each component after responsive transformation and offering a new avenue for enhanced cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Hongjun Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Benhao Li
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang DY, Huang F, Ma Y, Liang G, Peng Z, Guan S, Zhai J. Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Theranostic Nanoplatform for Guided Molecular Dynamic/Photodynamic Synergistic Therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:17392-17403. [PMID: 33829761 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The integration of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-involved molecular dynamic therapy (MDT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds great promise for enhanced anticancer effects. Herein, we report a biodegradable tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoplatform composed of sinoporphyrin sodium (SPS) photosensitizer-loaded zinc peroxide nanoparticles (SPS@ZnO2 NPs), which can enhance the action of ROS through the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and singlet oxygen (1O2) for MDT and PDT, respectively, and the depletion of glutathione (GSH). Under these conditions, SPS@ZnO2 NPs show excellent MDT/PDT synergistic therapeutic effects. We demonstrate that the SPS@ZnO2 NPs quickly degrade to H2O2 and endogenous Zn2+ in an acidic tumor environment and produce toxic 1O2 with 630 nm laser irradiation both in vitro and in vivo. Anticancer mechanistic studies show that excessive production of ROS damages lysosomes and mitochondria and induces cellular apoptosis. We show that SPS@ZnO2 NPs increase the uptake and penetration depth of photosensitizers in cells. In addition, the fluorescence of SPS is a powerful diagnostic tool for the treatment of tumors. The depletion of intracellular GSH through H2O2 production and the release of cathepsin B enhance the effectiveness of PDT. This theranostic nanoplatform provides a new avenue for tumor microenvironment-responsive and ROS-involved therapeutic strategies with synergistic enhancement of antitumor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fanglin Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guangzhong Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhuo Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shixia Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junqiu Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang B, Dai Y, Kong Y, Du W, Ni H, Zhao H, Sun Z, Shen Q, Li M, Fan Q. Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Fe(III)-Porphyrin Nanotheranostics for Tumor Imaging and Targeted Chemodynamic-Photodynamic Therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:53634-53645. [PMID: 33205657 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective and safe tumor nanotheranostics remains a research imperative. Herein, tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive Fe(III)-porphyrin (TCPP) coordination nanoparticles (FT@HA NPs) were prepared using a simple one-pot method followed by modification with hyaluronic acid (HA). FT@HA NPs specifically accumulated in CD44 receptor-overexpressed tumor tissues through the targeting property of HA and upon endocytosis by tumor cells. After cell internalization, intracellular acidic microenvironments and high levels of glutathione (GSH) triggered the rapid decomposition of FT@HA NPs to release free TCPP molecules and Fe(III) ions. The released Fe(III) ions could trigger GSH depletion and Fenton reaction, activating chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Meanwhile, the fluorescence and photodynamic effects of the TCPP could be also activated, achieving controlled reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and avoiding side effects on normal tissues. Moreover, the rapid consumption of GSH further enhanced the efficacy of CDT and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The in vivo experiments further demonstrated that the antitumor effect of these nanotheranostics was significantly enhanced and that their toxicity and side effects against normal tissues were effectively suppressed. The FT@HA NPs can be applied for activated tumor combination therapy under the guidance of dual-mode imaging including fluorescence imaging and magnetic resonance imaging, providing an effective strategy for the design and preparation of TME-responsive multifunctional nanotheranostics for precise tumor imaging and combination therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yeneng Dai
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yingjie Kong
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenyu Du
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haiyang Ni
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Honghai Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhiquan Sun
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qingming Shen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meixing Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Quli Fan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu B, Wang Z, Li T, Sun Q, Dong S, Zhong C, Yang D, He F, Gai S, Yang P. Rapid Decomposition and Catalytic Cascade Nanoplatforms Based on Enzymes and Mn-Etched Dendritic Mesoporous Silicon for MRI-Guided Synergistic Therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:45772-45788. [PMID: 32969221 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous tumor microenvironment (TME) can signally influence the therapeutic effects of cancer, so it is necessary to explore effective synergistic therapeutic strategies based on changing of the TME. Here, a catalytic cascade nanoplatform based on manganese (Mn)-etched dendritic mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (designated as DMMnSiO3 NPs) loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) and natural glucose oxidase (GOD) is established (designated as DIG nanocomposites). As the Mn-O bonds in DMMnSiO3 NPs are susceptive to mildly acidic and reducing environments, the DIG nanocomposites can be rapidly decomposed because of the biodegradation of DMMnSiO3 NPs once internalized into the tumor by the consumption of glutathione (GSH) in TME to weaken the antioxidant capability of the tumors. The released Mn2+ could catalyze endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to generate oxygen (O2) to relieve the hypoxia in TME. The generation of O2 may promote the catalyzed oxidation of glucose by GOD, which will cut off nutrient supplies, accompanied by the regeneration of H2O2. The regenerated H2O2 could be sequentially catalyzed by Mn2+ to compensate for the consumed O2, and thus, the catalytic cascade process between Mn2+ and GOD was set up. As a result, a synergistic therapeutic strategy based on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of Mn2+, starvation therapy by O2-compensation enhanced catalyzing glucose, dual-model (GSH consumption and O2 compensation) enhanced photodynamic therapy, and effective photothermal therapy of ICG (η = 23.8%) under 808 nm laser irradiation has been successfully established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Tianyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Chongna Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Fei He
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shili Gai
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang S, Zhu P, He J, Dong S, Li P, Zhang CY, Ma T. TME-Responsive Polyprodrug Micelles for Multistage Delivery of Doxorubicin with Improved Cancer Therapeutic Efficacy in Rodents. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000387. [PMID: 32815646 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It is of great significance to develop multifunctional biomaterials to effectively deliver anticancer drug to tumor cells for cancer therapy. Here, inspired by the specific tumor microenvironment (TME) cues, a unique multistage pH/redox-responsive polyprodrug composed of amphiphilic pH-sensitive diblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-b-poly(β-amino esters) conjugated with doxorubicin (DOX) via redox-sensitive disulfide bonds (mPEG-b-PAE-ss-DOX) is designed and developed. This polyprodrug can self-assemble into micelles (DOX-ss@PMs) at low concentration with high serum stability, indicating that DOX-ss@PMs have prolonged circulation time. The dual pH/redox-responsiveness of the multistage platform is thoroughly evaluated. In vitro results demonstrate that DOX-ss@PMs can highly accumulate at tumor site, followed by responding to the acidity for disassembly and effectively penetrating into the tumor cells. DOX is released from the platform due to the cleavage of disulfide bonds induced by high glutathione (GSH) concentration, thereby inducing the apoptosis of tumor cells. In vivo studies further reveal that multistage DOX-ss@PMs can more efficiently inhibit the growth of tumors and improve the survival of tumor-bearing mice in comparison to the free drug and control. These results imply that multistage delivery system might be a potential and effective strategy for drug delivery and DOX-ss@PMs could be a promising nanomedicine for cancer chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001 P. R. China
| | - Peiyao Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001 P. R. China
| | - Jiayuan He
- Department of Neurobiology School of Life Sciences China Medical University Shenyang 110001 P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001 P. R. China
| | - Peiwen Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001 P. R. China
| | - Can Yang Zhang
- Singapore‐MIT Alliance for Research and Technology 1 CREATE Way, 03‐12/13/14 Enterprise Wing Singapore 138602 Singapore
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Neurobiology School of Life Sciences China Medical University Shenyang 110001 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology Ministry of Education of China China Medical University Shenyang 110122 China
| |
Collapse
|