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Ho CW, Lin CY, Liaw YW, Chiang HL, Chin YT, Huang RL, Lai HC, Hsu YW, Kuo PJ, Chen CE, Lin HY, Whang-Peng J, Nieh S, Fu E, Liu LF, Hwang J. The cytokine-cosmc signaling axis upregulates the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen Tn. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61930-61944. [PMID: 27542280 PMCID: PMC5308701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tn antigen (GalNAc-α-O-Ser/Thr), a mucin-type O-linked glycan, is a well-established cell surface marker for tumors and its elevated levels have been correlated with cancer progression and prognosis. There are also reports that Tn is elevated in inflammatory tissues. However, the molecular mechanism for its elevated levels in cancer and inflammation is unclear. In the current studies, we have explored the possibility that cytokines may be one of the common regulatory molecules for elevated Tn levels in both cancer and inflammation. We showed that the Tn level is elevated by the conditioned media of HrasG12V-transformed-BEAS-2B cells. Similarly, the conditioned media obtained from LPS-stimulated monocytes also elevated Tn levels in primary human gingival fibroblasts, suggesting the involvement of cytokines and/or other soluble factors. Indeed, purified inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 up-regulated Tn levels in gingival fibroblasts. Furthermore, TNF-α was shown to down-regulate the COSMC gene as evidenced by reduced levels of the COSMC mRNA and protein, as well as hypermethylation of the CpG islands of the COSMC gene promoter. Since Cosmc, a chaperone for T-synthase, is known to negatively regulate Tn levels, our results suggest elevated Tn levels in cancer and inflammation may be commonly regulated by the cytokine-Cosmc signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Ho
- Center for Cancer Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Liaw
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rui-Lan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Cheng Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Wen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jan Kuo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-En Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jacqueline Whang-Peng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin Nieh
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Earl Fu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Leroy F Liu
- Center for Cancer Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaulang Hwang
- Center for Cancer Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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