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Yao B, Delaidelli A, Vogel H, Sorensen PH. Pediatric Brain Tumours: Lessons from the Immune Microenvironment. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:5024-5046. [PMID: 37232837 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30050379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of recent advances in tumour molecular subtyping, pediatric brain tumours (PBTs) remain the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. While some PBTs are treatable with favourable outcomes, recurrent and metastatic disease for certain types of PBTs remains challenging and is often fatal. Tumour immunotherapy has emerged as a hopeful avenue for the treatment of childhood tumours, and recent immunotherapy efforts have been directed towards PBTs. This strategy has the potential to combat otherwise incurable PBTs, while minimizing off-target effects and long-term sequelae. As the infiltration and activation states of immune cells, including tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumour-associated macrophages, are key to shaping responses towards immunotherapy, this review explores the immune landscape of the developing brain and discusses the tumour immune microenvironments of common PBTs, with hopes of conferring insights that may inform future treatment design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Yao
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Alberto Delaidelli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Gotti M, Nicola M, Lucioni M, Fiaccadori V, Ferretti V, Sciarra R, Costanza M, Bono E, Molo S, Maffi A, Croci GA, Varettoni M, Frigeni M, Pascutto C, Arcaini L, Bonfichi M, Paulli M, Cazzola M. Independent prognostic impact of tumour-infiltrating macrophages in early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hematol Oncol 2016; 35:296-302. [PMID: 27060262 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although patients with early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma have a high rate of cure, a portion of these are resistant to or relapse after standard treatment. Current prognostic criteria based on clinical and laboratory parameters at diagnosis do not allow to accurately identify the subset of patients with less favourable clinical outcome. An increased number of tumour-infiltrating macrophages was found to be associated with shortened survival in patients with classic Hodgkin's Lymphoma. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical significance of the proportion of CD68-positive infiltrating macrophages in patients with early-stage classic Hodgkin's lymphoma. By using immunohistochemistry technique, we evaluated for CD68 expression diagnostic biopsies of 106 patients affected by supradiaphragmatic early-stage classic Hodgkin's lymphoma treated at our institution since 2000 to 2010. All patients were treated with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy in the majority. The 2-year overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) in the entire cohort were 97% and 83% respectively. The 2-year PFS was statistically different between patients with favourable and those with unfavourable prognosis according to the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk criteria (96% vs 79%, p = 0.039) and between patients having less than 25% of CD68-positive infiltrating macrophages and those with more than 25% (85% vs 67%, p = 0.012). All patients with favourable EORTC criteria had CD68 expression lower than 25%. Within those with unfavourable EORTC criteria, patients with a CD68+ count greater than 25% had a worse 2-year PFS than patients having values lower than 25% (64% vs 82%, p = 0.03). Moreover, in multivariate analysis, after adjusting for CD68+ macrophages count and EORTC score, only CD68+ macrophages count higher than 25% retained a prognostic effect on PFS (hazard ratio = 2.8, 95%CI: 1.1-7.6, p = 0.038). Our data show that a proportion of tumour-infiltrating macrophages greater than 25% is associated with unfavourable clinical outcome in patients with early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gotti
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Nicola
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Lucioni
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Virginia Ferretti
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Sciarra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Bono
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvana Molo
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Aldo Maffi
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio A Croci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marzia Varettoni
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Frigeni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristiana Pascutto
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Arcaini
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bonfichi
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Paulli
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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