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Eldeeb MA, Ragheb MA, Esmaili M, Hussein F. Physiological State Dictates the Proteasomal-Mediated Purging of Misfolded Protein Fragments. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 27:251-255. [PMID: 31738130 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666191026111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A pivotal feature that underlies the development of neurodegeneration is the accumulation of protein aggregates. In response, eukaryotic cells have evolved sophisticated quality control mechanisms to identify, repair and/or eliminate the misfolded abnormal proteins. Chaperones identify any otherwise abnormal conformations in proteins and often help them to regain their correct conformation. However, if repair is not an option, the abnormal protein is selectively degraded to prevent its oligomerization into toxic multimeric complexes. Autophagiclysosomal system and the ubiquitin-proteasome system mediate the targeted degradation of the aberrant protein fragments. Despite the increasing understanding of the molecular counteracting responses toward the accumulation of dysfunctional misfolded proteins, the molecular links between the upstream physiological inputs and the clearance of abnormal misfolded proteins is relatively poorly understood. Recent work has demonstrated that certain physiological states such as vigorous exercise and fasting may enhance the ability of mammalian cells to clear misfolded, toxic and aberrant protein fragments. These findings unveil a novel mechanism that activates the cells' protein-disposal machinery, facilitating the adaptation process of cellular proteome to fluctuations in cellular demands and alterations of environmental cues. Herein, we briefly discuss the molecular interconnection between certain physiological cues and proteasomal degradation pathway in the context of these interesting findings and highlight some of the future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Eldeeb
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed A Ragheb
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mansoore Esmaili
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Faraz Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Sanchala D, Bhatt LK, Prabhavalkar KS. Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutated Lung Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2017; 18:773-791. [PMID: 28669334 DOI: 10.2174/1568009617666170623123848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer surfaces to be the predominant determinant of mortality worldwide constituting 13% and 19% of all new cancer cases and deaths related to cancer respectively. Molecular profiling has now become a regular trend in lung cancer to identify the driver mutations. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is the most regular driver mutation encountered in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Targeted therapies are now available for the treatment of EGFR mutant NSCLC. EGFR mutation is more frequently expressed in adenocarcinoma than squamous cell carcinoma. This article presents a detailed molecular insight of the therapeutic approaches for the treatment of EGFR mutant lung cancer. The article delineates molecular mechanism of the drugs that are approved, the drugs that are in clinical trial and the drugs that have not entered a clinical trial but shows promising future in the treatment of EGFR mutant lung cancer. Furthermore, this article provides concise information on relevant combinational or monotherapy clinical trials that have been completed for various approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Sanchala
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM`s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Lokesh K Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM`s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Kedar S Prabhavalkar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM`s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
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Abstract
Plants have evolved to cope with changing environmental conditions. One way plants achieve this is through post-translational modification of target proteins by ubiquitination and SUMOylation. These post-translational modifiers (PMs) can alter stability, protein-protein interactions, and the overall fate of the protein. Both of these systems have remarkable similarities in terms of the process leading to attachment of the PM to its substrate : having to undertake activation, conjugation, and finally ligation to the target. In the ubiquitin system, there are a vast number of ubiquitin ligase enzymes (E3s) that provide specificity for the attachment of ubiquitin. With the SUMO system, only a small number of SUMO E3 ligases have so far been identified in the fully sequenced plant genomes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, there are only two SUMO E3s, compared to over 1400 ubiquitin E3s, a trend also observed in crop species such as Oryza sativa and Zea mays Recent research indicates that removing SUMO from its substrate by the enzymatically active SUMO proteases is a vital part of this system. A class of SUMO proteases called ubiquitin-like proteases (ULPs) are widespread in all eukaryotes; within plants, both monocot and dicot kingdoms have conserved and divergent ULPs and ULP-like proteases. This paper examines the roles ULPs have in stress responses and highlights the 'fine-tuning' of SUMO attachment/removal in balancing growth versus stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Yates
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Anjil Kumar Srivastava
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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Yuan H, Meng D, Gu Z, Li W, Wang A, Yang Q, Zhu Y, Li T. A novel gene, MdSSK1, as a component of the SCF complex rather than MdSBP1 can mediate the ubiquitination of S-RNase in apple. J Exp Bot 2014; 65:3121-31. [PMID: 24759884 PMCID: PMC4071834 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As a core factor in S-RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI), the SCF (SKP1-Cullin1-F-box-Rbx1) complex (including pollen determinant SLF, S-locus-F-box) functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase on non-self S-RNase. The SCF complex is formed by SKP1 bridging between SLF, CUL1, and Rbx1; however, it is not known whether an SCF complex lacking SKP1 can mediate the ubiquitination of S-RNase. Three SKP1-like genes from pollen were cloned based on the structural features of the SLF-interacting-SKP1-like (SSK) gene and the 'Golden Delicious' apple genome. These genes have a motif of five amino acids following the standard 'WAFE' at the C terminal and, in addition, contain eight sheets and two helices. All three genes were expressed exclusively in pollen. In the yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays only one was found to interact with MdSFBB and MdCUL1, suggesting it is the SLF-interacting SKP1-like gene in apple which was named MdSSK1. In vitro experiments using MdSSK1, S2-MdSFBB1 (S2-Malus domestica S-locus-F-box brother) and MdCUL1 proteins incubated with S 2-RNase and ubiquitin revealed that the SCF complex ubiquitinylates S-RNase in vitro, while MdSBP1 (Malus domestica S-RNase binding protein 1) could not functionally replace MdSSK1 in the SCF complex in ubiquitinylating S-RNase. According to the above experiments, MdSBP1 is probably the only factor responsible for recognition with S-RNase, while not a component of the SCF complex, and an SCF complex containing MdSSK1 is required for mediating the ubiquitination of S-RNase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Bio-tech, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dong Meng
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Bio-tech, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaoyu Gu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Bio-tech, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Bio-tech, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aide Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Bio-tech, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuandi Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Bio-tech, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianzhong Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Bio-tech, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms that have to adapt their growth to the surrounding environment. Concomitant with this adaptation capability, they have adopted a post-embryonic development characterized by continuous growth and differentiation abilities. Constant growth is based on the potential of stem cells to divide almost incessantly and on a precise balance between cell division and cell differentiation. This balance is influenced by environmental conditions and by the genetic information of the cell. Among the internal cues, the cross-talk between different hormonal signalling pathways is essential to control this division/differentiation equilibrium. Auxin, one of the most important plant hormones, regulates cell division and differentiation, among many other processes. Amazing advances in auxin signal transduction at the molecular level have been reported, but how this signalling is connected to the cell cycle is, so far, not well known. Auxin signalling involves the auxin-dependent degradation of transcription repressors by F-box-containing E3 ligases of ubiquitin. Recently, SKP2A, another F-box protein, was shown to bind auxin and to target cell-cycle repressors for proteolysis, representing a novel mechanism that links auxin to cell division. In this review, a general vision of what is already known and the most recent advances on how auxin signalling connects to cell division and the role of the ubiquitin pathway in plant cell cycle will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Del Pozo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) INIA-UPM. Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria. Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Manzano
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) INIA-UPM. Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria. Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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Genschik P, Marrocco K, Bach L, Noir S, Criqui MC. Selective protein degradation: a rheostat to modulate cell-cycle phase transitions. J Exp Bot 2014; 65:2603-15. [PMID: 24353246 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth control has become a major focus due to economic reasons and results from a balance of cell proliferation in meristems and cell elongation that occurs during differentiation. Research on plant cell proliferation over the last two decades has revealed that the basic cell-cycle machinery is conserved between human and plants, although specificities exist. While many regulatory circuits control each step of the cell cycle, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) appears in fungi and metazoans as a major player. In particular, the UPS promotes irreversible proteolysis of a set of regulatory proteins absolutely required for cell-cycle phase transitions. Not unexpectedly, work over the last decade has brought the UPS to the forefront of plant cell-cycle research. In this review, we will summarize our knowledge of the function of the UPS in the mitotic cycle and in endoreduplication, and also in meiosis in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Genschik
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM2, Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Katia Marrocco
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM2, Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Lien Bach
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM2, Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Sandra Noir
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Claire Criqui
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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Lyzenga WJ, Liu H, Schofield A, Muise-Hennessey A, Stone SL. Arabidopsis CIPK26 interacts with KEG, components of the ABA signalling network and is degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. J Exp Bot 2013; 64:2779-91. [PMID: 23658427 PMCID: PMC3697954 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The RING-type E3 ligase, Keep on Going (KEG), is required for early seedling establishment in Arabidopsis thaliana. Post-germination, KEG negatively regulates abscisic acid (ABA) signalling by targeting Abscisic Acid Insensitive 5 (ABI5) for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Previous reports suggest that the role of KEG during early seedling development is not limited to regulation of ABI5 abundance. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, this study identified Calcineurin B-like Interacting Protein Kinase (CIPK) 26 as a KEG-interacting protein. In vitro pull-down and in planta bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays confirmed the interactions between CIPK26 and KEG. In planta experiments demonstrated that CIPK26 was ubiquitinated and degraded via the 26S proteasome. It was also found that turnover of CIPK26 was increased when KEG protein levels were elevated, suggesting that the RING-type E3 ligase is involved in targeting CIPK26 for degradation. CIPK26 was found to interact with the ABA signalling components ABI1, ABI2, and ABI5. In addition, CIPK26 was capable of phosphorylating ABI5 in vitro. Consistent with a role in ABA signalling, overexpression of CIPK26 increased the sensitivity of germinating seeds to the inhibitory effects of ABA. The data presented in this report suggest that KEG mediates the proteasomal degradation of CIPK26 and that CIPK26 is part of the ABA signalling network.
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