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Thakur MK, Haider G, Sonia FJ, Plšek J, Rodriguez A, Mishra V, Panda J, Gedeon O, Mergl M, Volochanskyi O, Valeš V, Frank O, Vejpravova J, Kalbáč M. Isotope Engineered Fluorinated Single and Bilayer Graphene: Insights into Fluorination Selectivity, Stability, and Defect Passivation. Small 2023; 19:e2205575. [PMID: 36593530 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the physicochemical properties of graphene through functionalization remains a major interest for next-generation technological applications. However, defect formation due to functionalization greatly endangers the intrinsic properties of graphene, which remains a serious concern. Despite numerous attempts to address this issue, a comprehensive analysis has not been conducted. This work reports a two-step fluorination process to stabilize the fluorinated graphene and obtain control over the fluorination-induced defects in graphene layers. The structural, electronic and isotope-mass-sensitive spectroscopic characterization unveils several not-yet-resolved facts, such as fluorination sites and CF bond stability in partially-fluorinated graphene (F-SLG). The stability of fluorine has been correlated to fluorine co-shared between two graphene layers in fluorinated-bilayer-graphene (F-BLG). The desorption energy of co-shared fluorine is an order of magnitude higher than the CF bond energy in F-SLG due to the electrostatic interaction and the inhibition of defluorination in the F-BLG. Additionally, F-BLG exhibits enhanced light-matter interaction, which has been utilized to design a proof-of-concept field-effect phototransistor that produces high photocurrent response at a time <200 µs. Thus, the study paves a new avenue for the in-depth understanding and practical utilization of fluorinated graphenic carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Thakur
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18200, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Golam Haider
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18200, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Farjana J Sonia
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18200, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Plšek
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18200, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Alvaro Rodriguez
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18200, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Vipin Mishra
- Department of Glass and Ceramics, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jaganandha Panda
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18200, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Gedeon
- Department of Glass and Ceramics, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mergl
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18200, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksandr Volochanskyi
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18200, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Valeš
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18200, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Otakar Frank
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18200, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vejpravova
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kalbáč
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18200, Prague 8, Czech Republic
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