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Cheng B, Wang C, Hao Y, Wang J, Xia X, Zhang H, He R, Zhang S, Dai P, Chen X. Facile Synthesis of Clickable Unnatural Sugars in the Unprotected and 1,6-Di-O-Acylated Forms for Metabolic Glycan Labeling. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203054. [PMID: 36422057 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Clickable unnatural sugars have been widely used in studying glycosylation in living systems via the metabolic glycan labelling (MGL) strategy. Partial protection of unnatural sugars by 1,6-di-O-acylation increases the labelling efficiency while avoiding the non-specific S-glyco-modification. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of a series of clickable unnatural sugars in both the unprotected and 1,6-di-O-acylated forms at the ten-gram scale. By evaluation of the labelling specificity, efficiency, and biocompatibility of various 1,6-di-O-acylated sugars for MGL in cell lines and living mice, we demonstrate that 1,6-di-O-propionylated unnatural sugars are optimal chemical reporters for glycan labelling. The synthetic routes developed in this work should facilitate the widespread use of MGL with no artificial S-glyco-modification for investigating the functional roles of glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chunting Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yi Hao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jiankun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Xia
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Rundong He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shaoran Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Peng Dai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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Abstract
As one of the major types of biomacromolecules in the cell, glycans play essential functional roles in various biological processes. Compared with proteins and nucleic acids, the analysis of glycans in situ has been more challenging. Herein we review recent advances in the development of methods and strategies for labeling, imaging, and profiling of glycans in cells and in vivo. Cellular glycans can be labeled by affinity-based probes, including lectin and antibody conjugates, direct chemical modification, metabolic glycan labeling, and chemoenzymatic labeling. These methods have been applied to label glycans with fluorophores, which enables the visualization and tracking of glycans in cells, tissues, and living organisms. Alternatively, labeling glycans with affinity tags has enabled the enrichment of glycoproteins for glycoproteomic profiling. Built on the glycan labeling methods, strategies enabling cell-selective and tissue-specific glycan labeling and protein-specific glycan imaging have been developed. With these methods and strategies, researchers are now better poised than ever to dissect the biological function of glycans in physiological or pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Che Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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