Omar H, Hambidge M, Firmanes B, Shabandri AM, Wilsher S. Bacteria isolated from equine uteri in The United Arab Emirates: A retrospective study.
J Equine Vet Sci 2022;
115:104029. [PMID:
35659620 DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104029]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) presents a unique environment in which to breed horses with a non-physiological breeding season coupled with high temperatures and humidity for much of the year. This study aimed to describe bacterial isolates from the uteri of mares in the UAE and compare them to those reported elsewhere in the world. Bacterial antibiotic resistance was also analysed to give a starting point for future monitoring. A total of 2022 swabs taken over 5 breeding seasons from the endometrium (n = 1350) or from uterine lavages (n = 672) were submitted for microbiological culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing. At 48h post inoculation 616/2022 (30.5%) of cultures showed microbial growth from which 690 isolates were identified. Most positive plates (548/616; 89%) grew one isolate; 68 cultures had two (62/616; 10.1%) or three (6/616; 1%) isolates. The most frequently isolated bacteria were β-haemolytic Streptococcus (36.5%; 252/690), E. coli (10.6%; 73/690), P. aeruginosa (10.1%; 70/690), K. pneumoniae (8.8%; 61/690) and Aeromonas hydrophila (4.1%; 28/690). The lowest level of antibiotic susceptibility for all isolates was shown by trimethoprim-sulphonamide (36.4%; 198/544), with amikacin showing the highest (76.1%; 271/356). A significant decrease in susceptibility to doxycycline, enrofloxacin and erythromycin, but a significant increase for amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, was seen for β-haemolytic Streptococcus. Decreasing susceptibility of trimethoprim-sulphonamide between two time periods was seen for E. coli. Compared to other studies UAE-based mares had a high incidence of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae isolates, whereas E. coli was represented far less frequently as an isolate.
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