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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martínez O, García-Montero C, Pekarek L, Alvarez-Mon MA, Guijarro LG, Del Carmen Boyano M, Sainz F, Álvarez-Mon M, Buján J, García-Honduvilla N, Asúnsolo Á. Tissue remodelling and increased DNA damage in patients with incompetent valves in chronic venous insufficiency. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7878-7889. [PMID: 34148301 PMCID: PMC8358866 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), in which blood return to the heart is impaired, is a prevalent condition worldwide. Valve incompetence is a complication of CVI that results in blood reflux, thereby aggravating venous hypertension. While CVI has a complex course and is known to produce alterations in the vein wall, the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear. This study examined the presence of DNA damage, pro‐inflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix remodelling in CVI‐related valve incompetence. One hundred and ten patients with CVI were reviewed and divided into four groups according to age (<50 and ≥50 years) and a clinical diagnosis of venous reflux indicating venous system valve incompetence (R) (n = 81) or no reflux (NR) (n = 29). In vein specimens (greater saphenous vein) from each group, PARP, IL‐17, COL‐I, COL‐III, MMP‐2 and TIMP‐2 expression levels were determined by RT‐qPCR and immunohistochemistry. The younger patients with valve incompetence showed significantly higher PARP, IL‐17, COL‐I, COL‐III, MMP‐2 and reduced TIMP‐2 expression levels and a higher COL‐I/III ratio. Young CVI patients with venous reflux suffer chronic DNA damage, with consequences at both the local tissue and systemic levels, possibly associated with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Del Carmen Boyano
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Felipe Sainz
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Angiology and Vascular Surgery Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain.,Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Julia Buján
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Asúnsolo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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