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Zhu J, Eid FE, Tong L, Zhao W, Wang W, Heath LS, Kang L, Cui F. Characterization of protein-protein interactions between rice viruses and vector insects. Insect Sci 2021; 28:976-986. [PMID: 32537916 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Planthoppers are the most notorious rice pests, because they transmit various rice viruses in a persistent-propagative manner. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between virus and vector are crucial for virus transmission by vector insects. However, the number of known PPIs for pairs of rice viruses and planthoppers is restricted by low throughput research methods. In this study, we applied DeNovo, a virus-host sequence-based PPI predictor, to predict potential PPIs at a genome-wide scale between three planthoppers and five rice viruses. PPIs were identified at two different confidence thresholds, referred to as low and high modes. The number of PPIs for the five planthopper-virus pairs ranged from 506 to 1985 in the low mode and from 1254 to 4286 in the high mode. After eliminating the "one-too-many" redundant interacting information, the PPIs with unique planthopper proteins were reduced to 343-724 in the low mode and 758-1671 in the high mode. Homologous analysis showed that 11 sets and 31 sets of homologous planthopper proteins were shared by all planthopper-virus interactions in the two modes, indicating that they are potential conserved vector factors essential for transmission of rice viruses. Ten PPIs between small brown planthopper and rice stripe virus (RSV) were verified using glutathione-S-transferase (GST)/His-pull down or co-immunoprecipitation assay. Five of the ten PPIs were proven positive, and three of the five SBPH proteins were confirmed to interact with RSV. The predicted PPIs provide new clues for further studies of the complicated relationship between rice viruses and their vector insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lenwood S Heath
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen X, Yu J, Wang W, Lu H, Kang L, Cui F. A Plant Virus Ensures Viral Stability in the Hemolymph of Vector Insects through Suppressing Prophenoloxidase Activation. mBio 2020; 11:e01453-20. [PMID: 32817105 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01453-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Large ratios of vector-borne plant viruses circulate in the hemolymph of their vector insects before entering the salivary glands to be transmitted to plants. The stability of virions in the hemolymph is vital in this process. Activation of the proteolytic prophenoloxidase (PPO) to produce active phenoloxidase (PO) is one of the major innate immune pathways in insect hemolymph. How a plant virus copes with the PPO immune reaction in its vector insect remains unclear. Here, we report that the PPO affects the stability of rice stripe virus (RSV), a notorious rice virus, in the hemolymph of a vector insect, the small brown planthopper. RSV suppresses PPO activation using viral nonstructural protein. Once the level of PO activity is elevated, RSV is melanized and eliminated from the hemolymph. Our work gives valuable clues for developing novel strategies for controlling the transmission of vector-borne plant viruses. Most plant viruses require vector insects for transmission. Viral stability in the hemolymph of vector insects is a prerequisite for successful transmission of persistent plant viruses. However, knowledge of whether the proteolytic activation of prophenoloxidase (PPO) affects the stability of persistent plant viruses remains elusive. Here, we explored the interplay between rice stripe virus (RSV) and the PPO cascade of the vector small brown planthopper. Phenoloxidase (PO) activity was suppressed by RSV by approximately 60%. When the PPO cascade was activated, we found distinct melanization around RSV particles and serious damage to viral stability in the hemolymph. Viral suppression of PO activity was derived from obstruction of proteolytic cleavage of PPOs by binding of the viral nonstructural protein NS3. These results indicate that RSV attenuates the PPO response to ensure viral stability in the hemolymph of vector insects. Our research provides enlightening cues for controlling the transmission of vector-borne viruses.
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Zhao W, Wang Q, Xu Z, Liu R, Cui F. Distinct replication and gene expression strategies of the Rice Stripe virus in vector insects and host plants. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:877-888. [PMID: 30990404 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent propagative plant viruses are usually transmitted between a vector insect and a host plant. To adapt to the two different organisms, viruses may show distinct genomic replication or gene expression patterns. To verify this hypothesis, we applied an aboslute real-time quantitative PCR method to measure and compare the replication levels of four genomic RNA segments and the expression levels of seven genes of rice stripe virus (RSV) according to the infection time in the small brown planthopper and rice plant, respectively. In the vector insect, RNA3 began replicating later than the other segments, and RNA2 remained nearly constant during the infection process. RNA1 was the dominant segment, and a difference of over 300-fold appeared among the four segments. In rice plants, the size of the four segments increased with infection time, but decreased to a low level in the late infection period. The ratios of the four segments varied by no more than 15-fold. In planthoppers, three expression patterns were observed for the seven viral genes during viral infection, while in rice plants, the expression patterns of the seven viral genes were similar. These results reflect distinct genomic replication and gene expression patterns in a persistent propagative plant virus in adapting to vector insects and host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Qianshuo Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- 2Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Zhongtian Xu
- 3Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, PR China
- 4University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Renyi Liu
- 5College of Horticulture and FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Feng Cui
- 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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Zhao W, Xu Z, Zhang X, Yang M, Kang L, Liu R, Cui F. Genomic variations in the 3'-termini of Rice stripe virus in the rotation between vector insect and host plant. New Phytol 2018; 219:1085-1096. [PMID: 29882354 PMCID: PMC6055815 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A large number of plant RNA viruses circulate between plants and insects. For RNA viruses, host alternations may impose a differential selective pressure on viral populations and induce variations in viral genomes. Here, we report the variations in the 3'-terminal regions of the multiple-segment RNA virus Rice stripe virus (RSV) that were discovered through de novo assembly of the genome using RNA sequencing data from infected host plants and vector insects. The newly assembled RSV genome contained 16- and 15-nt extensions at the 3'-termini of two genome segments compared with the published reference RSV genome. Our study demonstrated that these extensional sequences were consistently observed in two RSV isolates belonging to distinct genetic subtypes in RSV-infected rice, wheat and tobacco. Moreover, the de novo assembled genome of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus also contained 3'-terminal extensions in five RNA segments compared with the reference genome. Time course experiments confirmed that the 3'-terminal extensions of RSV were enriched in the vector insects, were gradually eliminated in the host plant and potentially affected viral replication. These findings indicate that variations in the 3'-termini of viral genomes may be different adaptive strategies for plant RNA viruses in insects and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Zhongtian Xu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201602China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Meiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Renyi Liu
- Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Science and FAFU‐UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and MetabolomicsHaixia Institute of Science and TechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
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Wu Y, Ding J, Xu B, You L, Ge L, Yang G, Liu F, Stanley D, Song Q, Wu J. Two Fungicides Alter Reproduction of the Small Brown Planthopper Laodelphax striatellus by Influencing Gene and Protein Expression. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:978-986. [PMID: 29411984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aside from their intended actions, fungicides can drive pest insect outbreaks due to virtually continuous use and pest evolution. Small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus, outbreaks occurred recently in many provinces in China, with devastating rice losses. Because exposure to the fungicide jinggangmycin (JGM) increased reproduction of the brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens, via its influence on fatty acid synthase, we posed the hypothesis that JGM and carbendazim (CBM) influence SBPH reproduction via their influence on enzymes involved in other aspects of lipid metabolism. Exposure to the fungicide CBM stimulated SBPH reproduction (egg-laying up by 78%) and to another fungicide, JGM, led to decreased egg-laying (down by 47.3%). These inverse effects are mediated by down-regulated expression of l-3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCHAD) in JGM-treated females and up-regulated expression of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-like protein 2-like (HSD) in CBM-treated females. RNAi knockdown of, separately, LCHAD and HSD led to reduced egg-laying (down by 52% for dsLCHAD and by 73% for dsHSD). dsLCHAD, dsHSD, and JGM treatments also led to severely reduced ovarian development in experimental SBPH, with shorted and thinned valvula and lack of egg cells in ovaries. Valvula of CBM-treated females enlarged, with banana-shaped eggs in ovaries. These data strongly support our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ding
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Linlin You
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Linquan Ge
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Yang
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - David Stanley
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA/Agricultural Research Service , 1503 South Providence Road, Columbia, Missouri 65203, United States
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri , 1-31 Agriculture Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jincai Wu
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
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Campos AM, Dos Santos CLC, Stumpp R, Da Silva LHD, Maia RA, Paglia AP, Andrade Filho JD. Photoperiod Differences in Sand Fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) Species Richness and Abundance in Caves in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. J Med Entomol 2017; 54:100-105. [PMID: 28082636 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Caves are unique habitats that are inhabited by a diverse and singular biota. Among these inhabitants are sand flies, which are of great epidemiological interest in the Neotropical region because they are vectors of Leishmania The period of activity of these insects is usually crepuscular and nocturnal, but there are reports of diurnal activity of sand flies in caves. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the periodicity of daily activity of sand flies in cave environments in the municipality of Pains, Minas Gerais. Sand flies were collected with light traps, which were operated for 5 consecutive days in the rainy season and in the dry season. Samples were collected every 12 h and separated between photophase and scotophase periods. In total, 1,777 sand flies of 23 species were collected. The most abundant species was Lutzomyia renei (Martins, Falcão, and Silva) (44%), followed by Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva) (15%), Evandromyia edwardsi (Mangabeira) (11%), and Micropygomyia quinquefer (Costa Lima) (6%). The richness and abundance of total sand flies and the abundance of male and female sand flies in the aphotic zone of the caves did not differ between the photophase and scotophase, but differed between photoperiods at the entrance and at sites surrounding the caves. From our study of the daily activity of these insects in this ecotope, it will be possible to know which period of the day is of greatest risk of exposure of vertebrates who visit or live in these environments, including the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Campos
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 30190-002, Brasil (; ; )
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brasil (; ; )
| | - C L C Dos Santos
- Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Praça Madre Deus, S/N, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - R Stumpp
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brasil (; ; )
| | - L H D Da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brasil (; ; )
| | - R A Maia
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 30190-002, Brasil (; ; )
| | - A P Paglia
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brasil (; ; )
| | - J D Andrade Filho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 30190-002, Brasil (; ; )
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Qu LJ, Wang LJ, Zhang YA, Wang QH, Wang YZ, Zhao TH, Cai WZ. Radiation-induced metabolomic changes in sterile male Μοnochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). J Insect Sci 2014; 14:166. [PMID: 25368082 PMCID: PMC5443606 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieu028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced sterile insect technique is a biologically based, environment-friendly method for the suppression or eradication of a number of insect pests. Although the basic mechanisms underlying the technology have been well studied, little is known about the cell responses in organisms. Characterization of the metabolic shift associated with radiation exposure in sterile insects would be helpful for understanding the detailed mechanism underlying this technique and promote its practical application. In this article, a metabolomic study was performed to characterize the global metabolic changes induced by radiation using untreated and 40 Gy (60)Coγ-irradiated testes of Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus Hope. Differential metabolites were detected and tentatively identified. Many key metabolites in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as most fatty and amino acids, were elevated in irradiated male M. alternatus, presumably resulting from depression of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, each of which are important pathways for energy generation Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) in insect spermatozoa. The findings in this article will contribute to our knowledge of the characteristic metabolic changes associated with irradiation sterility and understand the molecular mechanisms underlying radiation-induced sterile insect technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Qu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing 100193, China The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - L J Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Y A Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Q H Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Y Z Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - T H Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - W Z Cai
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing 100193, China
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