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Zavarzina II, Kuzmenkov AI, Dobrokhotov NA, Maleeva EE, Korolkova YV, Peigneur S, Tytgat J, Krylov NA, Vassilevski AA, Chugunov AO. The scorpion toxin BeKm-1 blocks hERG cardiac potassium channels using an indispensable arginine residue. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:889-901. [PMID: 38563123 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BeKm-1 is a peptide toxin from scorpion venom that blocks the pore of the potassium channel hERG (Kv11.1) in the human heart. Although individual protein structures have been resolved, the structure of the complex between hERG and BeKm-1 is unknown. Here, we used molecular dynamics and ensemble docking, guided by previous double-mutant cycle analysis data, to obtain an in silico model of the hERG-BeKm-1 complex. Adding to the previous mutagenesis study of BeKm-1, our model uncovers the key role of residue Arg20, which forms three interactions (a salt bridge and hydrogen bonds) with the channel vestibule simultaneously. Replacement of this residue even by lysine weakens the interactions significantly. In accordance, the recombinantly produced BeKm-1R20K mutant exhibited dramatically decreased activity on hERG. Our model may be useful for future drug design attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iana I Zavarzina
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Nikita A Dobrokhotov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikolay A Krylov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Vassilevski
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton O Chugunov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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Liu B, Shi R, Li X, Liu Y, Feng X, Chen X, Fan X, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Tang J, Zhou X, Li N, Lu X, Xu Z. Downregulation of L-Type Voltage-Gated Ca 2+, Voltage-Gated K +, and Large-Conductance Ca 2+-Activated K + Channels in Vascular Myocytes From Salt-Loading Offspring Rats Exposed to Prenatal Hypoxia. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.008148. [PMID: 29545262 PMCID: PMC5907567 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Prenatal hypoxia is suggested to be associated with increased risks of hypertension in offspring. This study tested whether prenatal hypoxia resulted in salt‐sensitive offspring and its related mechanisms of vascular ion channel remodeling. Methods and Results Pregnant rats were housed in a normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (10.5% O2) chamber from gestation days 5 to 21. A subset of male offspring received a high‐salt diet (8% NaCl) from 4 to 12 weeks after birth. Blood pressure was significantly increased only in the salt‐loading offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia, not in the offspring that received regular diets and in control offspring provided with high‐salt diets. In mesenteric artery myocytes from the salt‐loading offspring with prenatal hypoxia, depolarized resting membrane potential was associated with decreased density of L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ (Cav1.2) and voltage‐gated K+ channel currents and decreased calcium sensitive to the large‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channels. Protein expression of the L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ α1C subunit, large‐conductance calcium‐activated K+ channel (β1, not α subunits), and voltage‐gated K+ channel (KV2.1, not KV1.5 subunits) was also decreased in the arteries of salt‐loading offspring with prenatal hypoxia. Conclusions The results demonstrated that chronic prenatal hypoxia may program salt‐sensitive hypertension in male offspring, providing new information of ion channel remodeling in hypertensive myocytes. This information paves the way for early prevention and treatments of salt‐induced hypertension related to developmental problems in fetal origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailin Liu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruixiu Shi
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Feng
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xueyi Chen
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiyuan Lu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China .,Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA
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Franklin BM, Maroudas E, Osborn JL. Sine-wave electrical stimulation initiates a voltage-gated potassium channel-dependent soft tissue response characterized by induction of hemocyte recruitment and collagen deposition. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/12/e12832. [PMID: 27335435 PMCID: PMC4923233 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue repair is a complex process that requires specific communication between multiple cell types to orchestrate effective restoration of physiological functions. Macrophages play a critical role in this wound healing process beginning at the onset of tissue injury. Understanding the signaling mechanisms involved in macrophage recruitment to the wound site is an essential step for developing more effective clinical therapies. Macrophages are known to respond to electrical fields, but the underlying cellular mechanisms mediating this response is unknown. This study demonstrated that low‐amplitude sine‐wave electrical stimulation (ES) initiates a soft tissue response in the absence of injury in Procambarus clarkii. This cellular response was characterized by recruitment of macrophage‐like hemocytes to the stimulation site indicated by increased hemocyte density at the site. ES also increased tissue collagen deposition compared to sham treatment (P < 0.05). Voltage‐gated potassium (KV) channel inhibition with either 4‐aminopyridine or astemizole decreased both hemocyte recruitment and collagen deposition compared to saline infusion (P < 0.05), whereas inhibition of calcium‐permeable channels with ruthenium red did not affect either response to ES. Thus, macrophage‐like hemocytes in P. clarkii elicit a wound‐like response to exogenous ES and this is accompanied by collagen deposition. This response is mediated by KV channels but independent of Ca2+ channels. We propose a significant role for KV channels that extends beyond facilitating Ca2+ transport via regulation of cellular membrane potentials during ES of soft tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Maroudas
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jeffrey L Osborn
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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