Stufano F, Baronciani L, Pagliari MT, Franchi F, Cozzi G, Garcia-Oya I, Bucciarelli P, Boscarino M, Peyvandi F. Evaluation of an heterogeneous group of patients with von Willebrand disease using an assay alternative to ristocetin induced platelet agglutination.
J Thromb Haemost 2015;
13:1806-14. [PMID:
26206100 DOI:
10.1111/jth.13062]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Diagnosis of von Willebrand disease (VWD) type 2 usually relies on the discrepancy between the von Willebrand factor (VWF) ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RCo) and VWF antigen (VWF:Ag). Type 2B patients can be discriminated from other qualitative VWD variants by using ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination (RIPA) test. The major limitation of RIPA is the requirement of fresh blood sample.
OBJECTIVES
In this study, we evaluated the VWF gain-of-function mutant GPIb binding (VWF:GPIbM) and VWF:RCo assays to investigate whether the VWF:GPIbM/VWF:RCo ratio was able to identify the type 2B variant among an heterogeneous VWD population, previously characterized following the ISTH-SSC guidelines.
PATIENTS/METHODS
Seventy-six VWD patients and 31 healthy subjects were evaluated by using VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo, and VWF:GPIbM assays.
RESULTS
The mean (minimum-maximum values) VWF:GPIbM/VWF:RCo ratio was higher in type 2B patients (2.53, 0.84-6.11) than in healthy controls (1.05, 0.87-1.34), type 1 (0.85, 0.51-1.15), 2A (1.20, 0.36-2.82), and 2M (1.07, 0.91-1.38) (P < 0.0001). Type 2B variants were divided into four groups (A, B, C, and D) according to their different multimeric patterns. The mean value of the VWF:GPIbM/VWF:RCo ratio in the four groups showed an increasing trend from group A (1.08) to D (3.69), proportional to the loss of high molecular weight multimers. Among 32 type 2B patients, previously diagnosed with RIPA, 8 (mainly with a type I New York/Malmö phenotype) were not confirmed using the VWF:GPIbM/VWF:RCo ratio.
CONCLUSIONS
Whenever the RIPA test is not feasible, the VWF:GPIbM/VWF:RCo ratio might help to identify severe type 2B VWD patients.
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