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Yao Z, Meyerbröker N, Qi Y, Cremer J, Westphal M, Anselmetti D, Yang Y, Gölzhäuser A. Scalable Synthesis of Carbon Nanomembranes from Amorphous Molecular Layers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:41101-41108. [PMID: 37587014 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) created by self-assembled monolayers ideally combine a high water flux and precise ion selectivity for molecular separation and water desalination. However, their practical implementation is often challenged by the availability of large epitaxial substrates, limiting the membrane up-scaling. Here, we report a scalable synthesis of CNMs from poly(4-vinylbiphenyl) (PVBP) spin-coated on SiO2/Si wafers. Electron irradiation of the amorphous PVBP molecular layers induces the formation of a continuous membrane with a thickness of 15 nm and a high density of subnanometer pores, providing a water permeance as high as 530 L m-2 h-1 bar-1, while repelling ions and molecules larger than 1 nm in size. A further introduction of a reinforced porous block copolymer layer enables the fabrication of centimeter-scale CNM composites that efficiently separate organic dyes from water. These results suggest a feasible route for large-scale nanomembrane fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yao
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Yubo Qi
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Julian Cremer
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Westphal
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dario Anselmetti
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Yang Yang
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Haibin Road 1119, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Armin Gölzhäuser
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Sever M, Merzel F. Influence of SGLT1 Sugar Uptake Inhibitors on Water Transport. Molecules 2023; 28:5295. [PMID: 37513169 PMCID: PMC10385929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) are cotransporters located in the cell membrane of various epithelia that uptake glucose or galactose and sodium into the cell. Its founding member, SGLT1, represents a major pharmaceutically relevant target protein for development of new antidiabetic drugs, in addition to being the target protein of the oral rehydration therapy. Previous studies focused primarily on the transport of substrates and ions, while our study focuses on the effect of water transport. SGLT1 is implicated in the absorption of water, yet the exact mechanism of how the water absorption occurs or how inhibitors of SGLT1, such as phlorizin, are able to inhibit it is still unclear. Here we present a comprehensive study based on molecular dynamics simulations with the aim of determining the influence of the energetic and dynamic properties of SGLT1, which are influenced by selected sugar uptake inhibitors on water permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Sever
- Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franci Merzel
- Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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3
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Qi Y, Westphal M, Khayya N, Ennen I, Peters T, Cremer J, Anselmetti D, Reiss G, Hütten A, Gölzhäuser A, Dementyev P. Thickness-Varied Carbon Nanomembranes from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:9433-9441. [PMID: 35157431 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the prospects of intrinsically porous planar nanomaterials in separation applications, their synthesis on a large scale remains challenging. In particular, preparing water-selective carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) from self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is limited by the cost of epitaxial metal substrates and molecular precursors with specific chemical functionalities. In this work, we present a facile fabrication of CNMs from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are drop-cast onto arbitrary supports, including foils and metalized films. The electron-induced carbonization is shown to result in continuous membranes of variable thickness, and the material is characterized with a number of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Permeation measurements with freestanding membranes reveal a high degree of porosity, but the selectivity is found to strongly depend on the thickness. While the permeance of helium remains almost the same for 6.5 and 3.0 nm thick CNMs, water permeance increases by 2 orders of magnitude. We rationalize the membrane performance with the help of kinetic modeling and vapor adsorption experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Qi
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Westphal
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Neita Khayya
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Inga Ennen
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Peters
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Julian Cremer
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dario Anselmetti
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Günter Reiss
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Hütten
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Armin Gölzhäuser
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Petr Dementyev
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Gu Q, Kotobuki M, Kirk CH, He M, Lim GJH, Ng TCA, Zhang L, Ng HY, Wang J. Overcoming the Trade-off between Water Permeation and Mechanical Strength of Ceramic Membrane Supports by Interfacial Engineering. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:29199-29211. [PMID: 34126737 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Porous ceramic membrane supports with high mechanical strength and permeation are required for highly permeable ceramic membranes. The water permeation of a ceramic membrane support is largely dependent on its level of open porosity, which can be however generally detrimental to the mechanical strength. In this work, low-cost kaolin nanoflakes were rationally composited with coarse alumina particles, and multichannel flat-sheet ceramic supports were successfully fabricated by extrusion and subsequent partial sintering. The macroscopic properties, microstructure characteristics, permeability, and mechanical strength of the ceramic membrane supports were systematically established and comprehensively studied. The incorporation of kaolin nanoflakes effectively reduced the sintering temperature to about 1200 °C. An interesting evolution of the pore structure was evidenced with the increase in sintering temperature. Interestingly, the porous ceramic supports prepared at 1400 °C with a nominal pore size of 1.47 μm showed the highest water permeability of 9911.9 ± 357.5 LMHB, and at the same time the flexural strength reached 109.6 ± 4.6 MPa. The much improved permeability was attributed to the unique multilevel pore structures, and the enhanced flexural strength mainly originated from the strongly interfacial bonding, as evidenced by the trans-granular fracture behavior. Also, the ceramic membrane supports exhibited excellent chemical resistance and good removal efficiency for oily wastewater. This work highlights the significant role of interfacial engineering in simultaneously improving the water permeation and mechanical strength, thereby overcoming their trade-off in porous ceramic membrane supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Gu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Masashi Kotobuki
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Chin Ho Kirk
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Meibo He
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Gwendolyn J H Lim
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Tze Chiang Albert Ng
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - How Yong Ng
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - John Wang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
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Bian P, Wang Y, McCarthy TJ. Rediscovering Silicones: The Anomalous Water Permeability of "Hydrophobic" PDMS Suggests Nanostructure and Applications in Water Purification and Anti-Icing. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000682. [PMID: 33368751 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is simultaneously water-repellent and highly permeable to water vapor. Unfilled and silica-free cross-linked PDMS films of variable thickness (8-160 µm) are prepared and their water vapor transmission rates and permeability values are determined. Vapor transmission rate increases as membrane thickness decreased from 160 to 15 µm, but does not increase further when the film thickness is decreased to 8 µm. Rate-limiting sorption is implicated as the cause of this effect and substantiated by a surface modification to enhance adsorption rate. Water vapor does not macroscopically condense on films thin enough to operate in this kinetic regime, and vapor transmission rates as high as 60% of the transmission rates through air are measured. A mechanism for water permeation is offered based on those proposed for nanoscopically confined water in carbon nanotubes and aquaporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Bian
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Thomas J McCarthy
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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Ren D, Jin YT, Liu TY, Wang X. Phenanthroline-Based Polyarylate Porous Membranes with Rapid Water Transport for Metal Cation Separation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:7605-7616. [PMID: 31968159 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The selective separation of ions in terms of extremely similar size and properties remains an important challenge in water purification. We innovated a kind of porous nanofilm via interfacial polymerization using rigid heterocyclic ligands to achieve high valent cation selectivity and rapid water/ion transport. The interconnected microporosity and uniformly distributed cation-affinitive sites of the ultrathin membranes enabled water permeation (7.5 L m-2 h-1 bar-1), ion permeance of Na+ (1.5 mol m-2 h-1 bar-1), and Mg2+/Na+ permselectivity (2.1) during nanofiltration. The forward osmosis exhibited a prominent water flux of 95 LMH at 1 M NaCl draw solution, which expanded various applications. The polyarylate membranes comprising 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline showed a higher water permeation and ion selectivity than the planar monomers, e.g., resorcinol. A distinct fluorescence responsiveness existed between membranes and cations for the interaction characterization. Host-guest nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy characterized the preferential affinitive of divalent/high-valent cations in the interconnected microporous powders; an ultraviolet spectrophotometer characterized the light responsiveness of the porous nanofilms. Such an active membrane has potential applications in selective separation and adsorption of cations, photocatalytic materials, photosensors, and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Tao Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
- Beijing Scinor Membrane Technology Co., Ltd. , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Yin Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
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7
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Rynkowska E, Fatyeyeva K, Marais S, Kujawa J, Kujawski W. Chemically and Thermally Crosslinked PVA-Based Membranes: Effect on Swelling and Transport Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11111799. [PMID: 31684000 PMCID: PMC6918297 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based membranes were prepared using the two-step crosslinking approach: the chemical crosslinking of PVA using sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) (0-50 wt.%) and the thermal treatment (120-160 °C). The membrane composition and crosslinking temperature were optimized in terms of the mechanical and transport properties. The FTIR-ATR analysis revealed that the increase of the SSA concentration and crosslinking temperature resulted in the rise of the ester bond bands intensity due to the esterification reaction between PVA and SSA. As a consequence, the PVA-based membrane with 50 wt % SSA and crosslinked at 140 °C showed the reduced Young's modulus (from 1266.2 MPa to 1.4 MPa) and elongation at break (from 316% to 66%) in comparison with the pure PVA membrane. The studied swelling behavior of the obtained membranes revealed significantly higher water sorption than that in methanol and propal-2-ol whatever the crosslinking temperature. The performed studies provide a new way of tailoring the membrane physicochemical properties, in particular, the surface hydrophilicity. In addition, the obtained results are crucial for the design and elaboration of the polymer membranes for the pervaporative separation of the liquid-liquid mixtures, in particular, for the alcohol dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Rynkowska
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces (PBS), 76000 Rouen, France.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7, Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Kateryna Fatyeyeva
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces (PBS), 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Stéphane Marais
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces (PBS), 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Joanna Kujawa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7, Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Kujawski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7, Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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8
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Li H, Ko TJ, Lee M, Chung HS, Han SS, Oh KH, Sadmani A, Kang H, Jung Y. Experimental Realization of Few Layer Two-Dimensional MoS 2 Membranes of Near Atomic Thickness for High Efficiency Water Desalination. Nano Lett 2019; 19:5194-5204. [PMID: 31260632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A globally imminent shortage of freshwater has been demanding viable strategies for improving desalination efficiencies with the adoption of cost- and energy-efficient membrane materials. The recently explored 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) of near atomic thickness have been envisioned to offer notable advantages as high-efficiency membranes owing to their structural uniqueness; that is, extremely small thickness and intrinsic atomic porosity. Despite theoretically projected advantages, experimental realization of near atom-thickness 2D TMD-based membranes and their desalination efficiency assessments have remained largely unexplored mainly due to the technical difficulty associated with their seamless large-scale integration. Herein, we report the experimental demonstration of high-efficiency water desalination membranes based on few-layer 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) of only ∼7 nm thickness. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown centimeter-scale 2D MoS2 layers were integrated onto porous polymeric supports with well-preserved structural integrity enabled by a water-assisted 2D layer transfer method. These 2D MoS2 membranes of near atomic thickness exhibit an excellent combination of high water permeability (>322 L m-2 h-1 bar-1) and high ionic sieving capability (>99%) for various seawater salts including Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ with a range of concentrations. Moreover, they present near 100% salt ion rejection rates for actual seawater obtained from the Atlantic coast, significantly outperforming the previously developed 2D MoS2 layer membranes of micrometer thickness as well as conventional reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Underlying principles behind such remarkably excellent desalination performances are attributed to the intrinsic atomic vacancies inherent to the CVD-grown 2D MoS2 layers as verified by aberration-corrected electron microscopy characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- NanoScience Technology Center , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32826 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32826 , United States
| | - Tae-Jun Ko
- NanoScience Technology Center , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32826 , United States
| | - Myeongsang Lee
- NanoScience Technology Center , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32826 , United States
| | - Hee-Suk Chung
- Analytical Research Division , Korea Basic Science Institute , Jeonju 54907 , South Korea
| | - Sang Sub Han
- NanoScience Technology Center , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32826 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , South Korea
| | - Kyu Hwan Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , South Korea
| | - Anwar Sadmani
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32816 , United States
| | - Hyeran Kang
- NanoScience Technology Center , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32826 , United States
- Department of Physics , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32816 , United States
| | - Yeonwoong Jung
- NanoScience Technology Center , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32826 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32826 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32816 , United States
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9
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Tien WJ, Chen KY, Huang FY, Chiu CC. Effects of Cholesterol on Water Permittivity of Biomimetic Ion Pair Amphiphile Bilayers: Interplay between Membrane Bending and Molecular Packing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3252. [PMID: 31269714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion pair amphiphile (IPA), a molecular complex composed of a pair of cationic and anionic amphiphiles, is an inexpensive phospholipid substitute to fabricate vesicles with various pharmaceutical applications. Modulating the physicochemical and permeation properties of IPA vesicles are important for carrier designs. Here, we applied molecular dynamics simulations to examine the cholesterol effects on the structures, mechanics, and water permittivity of hexadecyltrimethylammonium-dodecylsulfate (HTMA-DS) and dodecyltrimethylammonium- hexadecylsulfate (DTMA-HS) IPA bilayers. Structural and mechanical analyses indicate that both IPA systems are in gel phase at 298 K. Adding cholesterol induces alkyl chain ordering around the rigid sterol ring and increases the cavity density within the hydrophilic region of both IPA bilayers. Furthermore, the enhanced alkyl chain ordering and the membrane deformation energy induced by cholesterol increase the permeation free energy penalty. In contrast, cholesterol has minor effects on the water local diffusivities within IPA membranes. Overall, the cholesterol reduces the water permittivity of rigid IPA membranes due to the synergistic effects of increased alkyl chain ordering and enhanced membrane mechanical modulus. The results provide molecular insights into the effects of molecular packing and mechanical deformations on the water permittivity of biomimetic IPA membranes, which is critical for designing IPA vesicular carriers.
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Carey M, Hinton Z, Sokol M, Alvarez NJ, Barsoum MW. Nylon-6/Ti 3C 2T z MXene Nanocomposites Synthesized by in Situ Ring Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactam and Their Water Transport Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:20425-20436. [PMID: 31071257 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Clay-reinforced nylon-6 nanocomposites (NCs)-characterized by the full exfoliation of the nanoreinforcement-were introduced in the marketplace in the 1990s. Herein, we demonstrate, for the first time, that Ti3C2T z MXene can be incorporated into nylon-6 to synthesize melt-processable nanocomposites with excellent water barrier properties (94% reduction in water vapor permeation). To intercalate the ε-caprolactam monomer between the MXene multilayers, the latter were first treated with 12-aminolauric acid, a low-cost, nontoxic, biodegradable, and long shelf life compound. Upon heating to 250 °C, in the presence of 6-aminocaproic acid, in situ polymerization occurred, yielding melt-processable nylon-6/MXene NCs that were, in turn, studied by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic vapor sorption analysis. Using the latter, moisture-sorption isotherms of a neat and a 1.9 vol % NC, at 60 °C, were fit to the Guggenheim, Anderson, and de Boer equation. Solubility, permeation, and diffusion coefficients of water through the NCs were measured as a function of temperature and found to be the lowest ever reported for nylon-6, despite the fact that, at ∼1.9 and 5.0 vol %, the MXene loads were relatively low. This record low diffusivity is ascribed to the very large aspect ratios-500 to 1000-of Ti3C2T z flakes and their dispersion. The water permeation rate is a factor of 5 lower than the best reported in the much more mature nylon/clay field, suggesting lower values can be achieved with further optimization. Lastly infrared spectroscopy spectra of neat and NC samples suggest the surface terminations of the 12-Ti3C2T z flakes bind with nylon-6, limiting water adsorption sites, resulting in reduced solubility in the NC films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Carey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Zachary Hinton
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Maxim Sokol
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Nicolas J Alvarez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Michel W Barsoum
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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11
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Lucotte BM, Powell C, Knutson JR, Combs CA, Malide D, Yu ZX, Knepper M, Patel KD, Pielach A, Johnson E, Borysova L, Dora KA, Balaban RS. Direct visualization of the arterial wall water permeability barrier using CARS microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:4805-10. [PMID: 28373558 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620008114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The artery wall is equipped with a water permeation barrier that allows blood to flow at high pressure without significant water leak. The precise location of this barrier is unknown despite its importance in vascular function and its contribution to many vascular complications when it is compromised. Herein we map the water permeability in intact arteries, using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and isotopic perfusion experiments. Generation of the CARS signal is optimized for water imaging with broadband excitation. We identify the water permeation barrier as the endothelial basolateral membrane and show that the apical membrane is highly permeable. This is confirmed by the distribution of the AQP1 water channel within endothelial membranes. These results indicate that arterial pressure equilibrates within the endothelium and is transmitted to the supporting basement membrane and internal elastic lamina macromolecules with minimal deformation of the sensitive endothelial cell. Disruption of this pressure transmission could contribute to endothelial cell dysfunction in various pathologies.
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12
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Shao S, Do TN, Razi A, Chitgupi U, Geng J, Alsop RJ, Dzikovski BG, Rheinstädter MC, Ortega J, Karttunen M, Spernyak JA, Lovell JF. Design of Hydrated Porphyrin-Phospholipid Bilayers with Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Contrast. Small 2017; 13:10.1002/smll.201602505. [PMID: 27739249 PMCID: PMC5209247 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Computer simulations are used to design more hydrated bilayers, formed from amine-modified porphyrin-phospholipids (PoPs). Experiments confirm that the new constructs give rise to bilayers with greater water content. When chelated with manganese, amine-modified PoPs provide improved contrast for magnetic resonance and are safely used for imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Trang Nhu Do
- Department of Chemistry and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Aida Razi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Upendra Chitgupi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Jumin Geng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Richard J. Alsop
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4M1, Canada
| | - Boris G. Dzikovski
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Maikel C Rheinstädter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4M1, Canada
| | - Joaquin Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Mikko Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Joseph A. Spernyak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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Ahmad K, Zhao X, Pan Y, Hussain D. Characterization of spherical domains at the polystyrene thin film-water interface. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2016; 7:581-590. [PMID: 27335748 PMCID: PMC4901549 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Spherical domains that readily form at the polystyrene (PS)-water interface were studied and characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The study showed that these domains have similar characteristics to micro- and nanobubbles, such as a spherical shape, smaller contact angle, low line tension, and they exhibit phase contrast and the coalescence phenomenon. However, their insensitivity to lateral force, absence of long-range hydrophobic attraction, and the presence of possible contaminants and scratches on these domains suggested that these objects are most likely blisters formed by the stretched PS film. Furthermore, the analysis of the PS film before and after contact with water suggested that the film stretches and deforms after being exposed to water. The permeation of water at the PS-silicon interface, caused by osmosis or defects present on the film, can be a reasonable explanation for the nucleation of these spherical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education and School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Main Campus, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Xuezeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education and School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yunlu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education and School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Danish Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems and School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
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Laghaei R, Yu ASL, Coalson RD. Water and ion permeability of a claudin model: A computational study. Proteins 2016; 84:305-15. [PMID: 26650625 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
At present, the three-dimensional structure of the multimeric paracellular claudin pore is unknown. Using extant biophysical data concerning the size of the pore and permeation of water and cations through it, two three-dimensional models of the pore are constructed in silico. Molecular Dynamics (MD) calculations are then performed to compute water and sodium ion permeation fluxes under the influence of applied hydrostatic pressure. Comparison to experiment is made, under the assumption that the hydrostatic pressure applied in the simulations is equivalent to osmotic pressure induced in experimental measurements of water/ion permeability. One model, in which pore-lining charged is distributed evenly over a selectivity filter section 10-16 Å in length, is found to be generally consistent with experimental data concerning the dependence of water and ion permeation on channel pore diameter, pore length, and the sign and magnitude of pore lining charge. The molecular coupling mechanism between water and ion flow under conditions where hydrostatic pressure is applied is computationally elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozita Laghaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260
| | - Alan S L Yu
- Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Rob D Coalson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260
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15
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Kovacs JR, Liu C, Hammond PT. Spray Layer-by-Layer Assembled Clay Composite Thin Films as Selective Layers in Reverse Osmosis Membranes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:13375-13383. [PMID: 26058008 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Spray layer-by-layer assembled thin films containing laponite (LAP) clay exhibit effective salt barrier and water permeability properties when applied as selective layers in reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Negatively charged LAP platelets were layered with poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDAC), poly(allylamine) (PAH), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in bilayer and tetralayer film architectures to generate uniform films on the order of 100 nm thick that bridge a porous poly(ether sulfone) support to form novel RO membranes. Nanostructures were formed of clay layers intercalated in a polymeric matrix that introduced size-exclusion transport mechanisms into the selective layer. Thermal cross-linking of the polymeric matrix was used to increase the mechanical stability of the films and improve salt rejection by constraining swelling during operation. Maximum salt rejection of 89% was observed for the tetralayer film architecture, with an order of magnitude increase in water permeability compared to commercially available TFC-HR membranes. These clay composite thin films could serve as a high-flux alternative to current polymeric RO membranes for wastewater and brackish water treatment as well as potentially for forward osmosis applications. In general, we illustrate that by investigating the composite systems accessed using alternating layer-by-layer assembly in conjunction with complementary covalent cross-linking, it is possible to design thin film membranes with tunable transport properties for water purification applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Kovacs
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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16
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Jung W, Park J, Yoon T, Kim TS, Kim S, Han CS. Prevention of water permeation by strong adhesion between graphene and SiO₂ substrate. Small 2014; 10:1704-1711. [PMID: 24339270 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wonsuk Jung
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea
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Selimović Š, Jia Y, Fraden S. Measuring the nucleation rate of Lysozyme using microfluidics. Cryst Growth Des 2009; 9:1806-1810. [PMID: 20161207 PMCID: PMC2714170 DOI: 10.1021/cg800990k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We employ the PhaseChip, a (poly)dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device, for statistical studies of protein crystal nucleation. The PhaseChip is designed to decouple nucleation and growth of protein crystals and so improve their yield and quality. Two layers of fluidic channels containing salt reservoirs and nanoliter-sized wells for protein drops in oil are separated by a thin PDMS membrane, which is permeable to water, but not to salt or macromolecules such as protein. We reversibly vary the supersaturation of protein inside the stored droplets by controlling the chemical potential of the reservoir. Lysozyme in the presence of sodium chloride is used as a model system. We determine the crystal nucleation rate as a function of protein supersaturation by counting the number of crystal nuclei per droplet, as demonstrated by Galkin and Vekilov.1.
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Shim JU, Cristobal G, Link DR, Thorsen T, Fraden S. Using Microfluidics to Decouple Nucleation and Growth of Protein Crystals. Cryst Growth Des 2007; 7:2192-2194. [PMID: 19590751 PMCID: PMC2707080 DOI: 10.1021/cg700688f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A high throughput, low volume microfluidic device has been designed to decouple the physical processes of protein crystal nucleation and growth. This device, called the Phase Chip, is constructed out of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomer. One of the Phase Chip's innovations is to exploit surface tension forces to guide each drop to a storage chamber. We demonstrate that nanoliter water-in-oil drops of protein solutions can be rapidly stored in individual wells thereby allowing the screening of 1000 conditions while consuming a total of only 10 mug protein on a 20 cm(2) chip. Another significant advance over current microfluidic devices is that each well is in contact with a reservoir via a dialysis membrane through which only water and other low molecular weight organic solvents can pass, but not salt, polymer, or protein. This enables the concentration of all solutes in a solution to be reversibly, rapidly, and precisely varied in contrast to current methods, such as the free interface diffusion or sitting drop methods, which are irreversible. The Phase Chip operates by first optimizing conditions for nucleation by using dialysis to supersaturate the protein solution, which leads to nucleation of many small crystals. Next, conditions are optimized for crystal growth by using dialysis to reduce the protein and precipitant concentrations, which leads small crystals to dissolve while simultaneously causing only the largest ones to grow, ultimately resulting in the transformation of many small, unusable crystals into a few large ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Uk Shim
- Complex Fluids Group, Martin Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
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