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Staubach P, Bilo B, Fluhr JW, Krause K, Kulthanan K, Salman A, Katelaris C, Bernstein JA, Maurer M, Mann C. UCOMB-real life data: treatment strategies for chronic urticaria patients with comorbidities. J DERMATOL TREAT 2024; 35:2329784. [PMID: 38508226 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2024.2329784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of real-life safety data on treatment options for chronic urticaria in the presence of comedication and comorbidities. METHODS We present a single-center UCARE pilot study of 212 outpatients with chronic urticaria. Patients were divided into three groups according to different CU therapies according to international guidelines. RESULTS Of 212 patients, 108 (mean age 48.9 years, 71.3% female) had 59 comorbidities, including cardiovascular, autoimmune and malignant diseases. Patients were followed for a mean of 24.6 months (SD ± 21.3). Urticaria therapies were divided into three groups: A: 105 (97.2%) with omalizumab and 2nd generation antihistamines), B: 16 patients (14.8%): dual therapy with antihistamines and cyclosporine in 10 (9.3%), montelukast in five (4. 6%), dapsone in four (3.7%), hydroxychloroquine in one patient (0.9%), C: 12 (11.1%) patients received a third drug for 4.9 months (SD ± 3.2) and one quadruple therapy (2.1 months). 10 out of 12 (83.3%) patients received montelukast, two (16.7%) cyclosporine, two (16.7%) dapsone and one (8.3%) hydroxychloroquine as a third drug for chronic urticaria. CONCLUSIONS Combining treatment modalities for chronic urticaria and comorbidities are available and feasible with a good safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Staubach
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benedikt Bilo
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim W Fluhr
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Institute of Allergology IFA, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Insitute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, ITMP Berlin, Immunology and Allergology IA, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karoline Krause
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Institute of Allergology IFA, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Insitute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, ITMP Berlin, Immunology and Allergology IA, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kanokvalai Kulthanan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andac Salman
- Department of Dermatology, Acıbadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Connie Katelaris
- Department of Medicine, Campbelltown Hospital and Western Sydney University Sydney, Campbelltown, Australia
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Institute of Allergology IFA, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Insitute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, ITMP Berlin, Immunology and Allergology IA, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Mann
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Bernstein JA, Maurer M, Saini SS. BTK signaling-a crucial link in the pathophysiology of chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023:S0091-6749(23)02460-0. [PMID: 38141832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is an inflammatory skin disorder that manifests with itchy wheals, angioedema, or both for more than 6 weeks. Mast cells and basophils are the key pathogenic drivers of CSU; their activation results in histamine and cytokine release with subsequent dermal inflammation. Two overlapping mechanisms of mast cell and basophil activation have been proposed in CSU: type I autoimmunity, also called autoallergy, which is mediated via IgE against various autoallergens, and type IIb autoimmunity, which is mediated predominantly via IgG directed against the IgE receptor FcεRI or FcεRI-bound IgE. Both mechanisms involve cross-linking of FcεRI and activation of downstream signaling pathways, and they may co-occur in the same patient. In addition, B-cell receptor signaling has been postulated to play a key role in CSU by generating autoreactive B cells and autoantibody production. A cornerstone of FcεRI and B-cell receptor signaling is Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), making BTK inhibition a clear therapeutic target in CSU. The potential application of early-generation BTK inhibitors, including ibrutinib, in allergic and autoimmune diseases is limited owing to their unfavorable benefit-risk profile. However, novel BTK inhibitors with improved selectivity and safety profiles have been developed and are under clinical investigation in autoimmune diseases, including CSU. In phase 2 trials, the BTK inhibitors remibrutinib and fenebrutinib have demonstrated rapid and sustained improvements in CSU disease activity. With phase 3 studies of remibrutinib ongoing, it is hoped that BTK inhibitors will present an effective, well-tolerated option for patients with antihistamine-refractory CSU, a phenotype that presents a considerable clinical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Immunology Section, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarbjit S Saini
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
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McSweeney SM, Kloczko E, Chadha M, Sarkany R, Fassihi H, Tziotzios C, McGrath JA. Systematic review of the clinical characteristics and natural history of solar urticaria. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:138-140. [PMID: 36796725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Kloczko
- Department of Dermatology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Robert Sarkany
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Hiva Fassihi
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - John A McGrath
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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Jones DM, Sosa AE, Vijayan V. Urticaria Multiforme. J Pediatr 2023:S0022-3476(23)00112-9. [PMID: 36822506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Jones
- Department of Pediatrics; Valley Children's Healthcare; Madera, California
| | - Adrianna E Sosa
- Department of Pediatrics; Valley Children's Healthcare; Madera, California
| | - Vini Vijayan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases; Valley Children's Healthcare; Madera, California
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Bonnekoh H, Krause K, Kolkhir P. Chronic recurrent wheals - If not chronic spontaneous urticaria, what else? Allergol Select 2023; 7:8-16. [PMID: 36644011 DOI: 10.5414/ALX02375E] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic urticarial rash, mostly due to chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), is seen in up to 1 - 4% of the general population. Urticarial vasculitis (UV) and autoinflammatory syndromes, i.e., cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) and Schnitzler syndrome (SchS), can mimic CSU-like rash but represent rare disorders with systemic symptoms including fever, headache, conjunctivitis, and arthralgia. Clinical and laboratory features can point to the presence of any of these diseases in patients initially presenting with chronic urticarial rash. These include long-lasting wheals (> 24 hours), lesional burning, systemic symptoms, and/or increase in inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, and/or S100A8/9). Lesional skin biopsy usually demonstrates leukocytoclastic vasculitis (UV) or neutrophil-rich infiltrate (CAPS and SchS). In contrast to CSU, where second-generation H1 antihistamines and omalizumab allow to control symptoms in most patients, systemic immunosuppression and anti-interleukin (IL)-1 therapies are needed in case of UV and autoinflammatory diseases, respectively. The rarity and low awareness of CSU differential diagnoses may be related to the longer delays in diagnosis and therapy in those affected with UV, CAPS, and SchS. Knowledge of the differential diagnoses of CSU is important because only correct diagnosis allows adequate therapy. Complications such as the development of lymphoproliferative disease in SchS and amyloidosis in CAPS, and the presence of comorbid diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus in UV, must be considered and monitored.
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Türk M, Yılmaz İ, Şahiner ÜM, Kocatürk E, Şekerel BE, Zuberbier T, Maurer M. Experience-based advice on stepping up and stepping down the therapeutic management of chronic spontaneous urticaria: Where is the guidance? Allergy 2022; 77:1626-1630. [PMID: 35048385 DOI: 10.1111/all.15227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Türk
- Clinic of Immunologic and Allergic Diseases Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital Kayseri Turkey
| | - İnsu Yılmaz
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Erciyes University School of Medicine Kayseri Turkey
| | - Ümit Murat Şahiner
- Pediatric Allergy Department Hacettepe University School of Medicine Ankara Turkey
| | - Emek Kocatürk
- Department of Dermatology Koç University School of Medicine İstanbul Turkey
| | - Bülent Enis Şekerel
- Pediatric Allergy Department Hacettepe University School of Medicine Ankara Turkey
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Institute for Allergology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology Berlin Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute for Allergology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology Berlin Germany
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Antó A, Maurer R, Gimenez‐Arnau A, Cherrez‐Ojeda I, Hawro T, Magerl M, Metz M, Weller K, Zuberbier T, Bousquet J, Maurer M. Automatic screening of self-evaluation apps for urticaria and angioedema shows a high unmet need. Allergy 2021; 76:3810-3813. [PMID: 34437706 DOI: 10.1111/all.15061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasmus Maurer
- Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Ana Gimenez‐Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Tomasz Hawro
- Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Markus Magerl
- Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Metz
- Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Karsten Weller
- Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Comprehensive Allergy Centre Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Comprehensive Allergy Centre Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier France
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
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8
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Liao SL, Yu M, Zhao ZT, Maurer M. Case Report: Omalizumab for Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria in Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652973. [PMID: 33796115 PMCID: PMC8007859 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Most chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) patients are female, and pregnancy can aggravate the disease activity of patients, but little is known about the efficacy and safety of omalizumab in pregnant CSU patients. We report two pregnant CSU patients treated with omalizumab and review the published information on omalizumab treatment during 11 pregnancies. The outcomes reported on patients with known pregnancies showed they had normal pregnancies and healthy babies as well as complete control of their CSU. The two new cases we reported support the view that omalizumab could be an effective and safe treatment option for pregnant and breastfeeding CSU patients. Further high-quality studies need to be carried out in order to obtain more information on the long-term efficacy and safety of the use of omalizumab during pregnancy in patients with chronic urticaria, including CSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Lu Liao
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China.,Peking University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - Zuo-Tao Zhao
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Rauscher C, Petrov AA, Fajt ML. Factors Associated with Self-Reported Drug Allergies in a Large Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Cohort. Curr Drug Saf 2021; 16:97-100. [PMID: 33006537 DOI: 10.2174/1574886315666201002153354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is characterized by recurrent hives without a known trigger. While certain drugs are associated with urticaria exacerbations, the overall drug allergy incidence in CSU is unknown. We hypothesized that the incidence of drug allergy in CSU would be greater than the general population and that there would be distinguishing clinical features of drug-allergic CSU patients. METHODS 362 adult CSU patients seen over a 10-year period at a University Allergy/Asthma clinic were identified. Patients reported no drug allergies or any drug allergy. Multiple drug allergies were defined as allergies to ≥ 2 chemically unrelated drugs. Using Chi-square or Wilcoxon analysis, we compared demographic features of CSU with and without drug allergy and with multiple vs. single drug allergy. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Overall, 202 CSU patients (56%) reported drug allergy. Drug allergic CSU patients were older, with a greater proportion of whites and higher BMI vs. CSU without drug allergy (p=0.002, p=0.047, p=0.004, respectively). Penicillin was the most common drug allergy, with urticaria the most frequently reported reaction. Female sex, white race, older age at the visit, and co-existing asthma were more common in multiple drug allergy (n=115) vs. single drug allergy (p=0.002, p=0.02, p=0.03, p=0.0002, respectively). CONCLUSION In CSU, the prevalence of self-reported drug allergies was higher than the general population. Drug allergy is associated with older age, white race and higher BMI, while multiple drug allergy was also associated with asthma. These CSU sub-populations should be studied to avoid the potential for morbidity associated with less efficacious and more costly drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rauscher
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Andrej A Petrov
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Merritt L Fajt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States
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Hon KL, Li JTS, Leung AKC, Lee VWY. Current and emerging pharmacotherapy for chronic spontaneous Urticaria: a focus on non-biological therapeutics. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:497-509. [PMID: 32990110 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1829593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) refers to urticaria (wheals) or angioedema, which occur for a period of six weeks or longer without an apparent cause. The condition may impair the patient's quality of life. AREAS COVERED Treatment for CSU is mainly symptomatic. Both AAAAI/ACAAI practice parameters and EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO guidelines suggest CSU management in a stepwise manner. First-line therapy is with second-generation H1-antihistamines. Treatment should be stepped up along the algorithm if symptoms are not adequately controlled. Increasing the dosage of second-generation H1-antihistamines, with the addition of first-generation H1-antihistamines, H2 antagonist, omalizumab, ciclosporin A, or short-term corticosteroid may be necessary. New medications are being developed to treat refractory CSU. They include spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, prostaglandin D2 receptor inhibitor, H4-antihistamine, and other agents. The authors discuss these treatments and provide expert perspectives on the management of CSU. EXPERT OPINION Second-generation H1-antihistamines remain the first-line therapeutic options for the management of CSU. For patients not responding to higher-dose H1-antihistamines, international guidelines recommend the addition of omalizumab. Efficacy and safety data for newer agents are still pending. Large-scale, well-designed, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials will further provide evidence on the safety profile and efficacy of these agents in patients with CSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong & Department of Paediatrics and adolescent Medicine, the Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Joyce T S Li
- Centre for Learning Enhancement and Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Alexander K C Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary and The Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vivian W Y Lee
- Centre for Learning Enhancement and Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Abstract
Chronic urticaria is a spontaneous or inducible group of diseases characterized by the occurrence of wheals (and, in about half of cases, angioedema) for more than 6 weeks. These are rather frequent conditions that may severely affect patients’ quality of life and sometimes represent a challenge for doctors as well. The causes of chronic urticaria are still poorly defined, although there is growing evidence that different biologic systems including immunity, inflammation, and coagulation may take part in the pathomechanism eventually leading to mast cell and basophil degranulation and hence to wheal formation. This review will discuss the main findings that are (slowly) shedding light on the pathogenesis of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano (Milano), Italy
| | - Alberto Tedeschi
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico, Milano, Italy
| | - Angelo Valerio Marzano
- Unità di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Cugno
- Medicina Interna, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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Jordan CS, Miniter U, Yarbrough K, Mengden SJ. Urticarial exanthem associated with Capnocytophaga canimorsus bacteremia after a dog bite. JAAD Case Rep 2016; 2:98-101. [PMID: 27051842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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