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Zhang Q, Yang G, Xue L, Dong G, Su W, Cui MJ, Wang ZG, Liu M, Zhou Z, Zhang X. Ultrasoft and Biocompatible Magnetic-Hydrogel-Based Strain Sensors for Wireless Passive Biomechanical Monitoring. ACS Nano 2022; 16:21555-21564. [PMID: 36479886 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Implantable flexible mechanical sensors have exhibited great potential in health monitoring and disease diagnosis due to continuous and real-time monitoring capability. However, the wires and power supply required in current devices cause inconvenience and potential risks. Magnetic-based devices have demonstrated advantages in wireless and passive sensing, but the mismatched mechanical properties, poor biocompatibility, and insufficient sensitivity have limited their applications in biomechanical monitoring. Here, a wireless and passive flexible magnetic-based strain sensor based on a gelatin methacrylate/Fe3O4 magnetic hydrogel has been fabricated. The sensor exhibits ultrasoft mechanical properties, strong magnetic properties, and long-term stability in saline solution and can monitor strains down to 50 μm. A model of the sensing process is established to identify the optimal detection location and the relation between the relative magnetic permeability and the sensitivity of the sensors. Moreover, an in vitro tissue model is developed to investigate the potential of the sensor in detecting subtle biomechanical signals and avoiding interference with bioactivities. Furthermore, a real-time and high-throughput biomonitoring platform is built and implements passive wireless monitoring of the drug response and cultural status of the cardiomyocytes. This work demonstrates the potential of applying magnetic sensing for biomechanical monitoring and provides ideas for the design of wireless and passive implantable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guannan Yang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Dong
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Su
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Jie Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Guang Wang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710049, People's Republic of China
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Li X, Tan Q, Qin L, Yan X, Liang X. Novel Surface Acoustic Wave Temperature-Strain Sensor Based on LiNbO 3 for Structural Health Monitoring. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:912. [PMID: 35744526 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the design of an integrated temperature and strain dual-parameter sensor based on surface acoustic waves (SAWs). First, the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software is used to determine separate frequencies for multiple sensors to avoid interference from their frequency offsets caused by external physical quantity changes. The sensor consists of two parts, a temperature-sensitive unit and strain-sensitive unit, with frequencies of 94.97 MHz and 90.05 MHz, respectively. We use standard photolithography and ion beam etching technology to fabricate the SAW temperature-strain dual-parameter sensor. The sensing performance is tested in the ranges 0-250 °C and 0-700 μԑ. The temperature sensor monitors the ambient temperature in real time, and the strain sensor detects both strain and temperature. By testing the response of the strain sensor at different temperatures, the strain and temperature are decoupled through the polynomial fitting of the intercept and slope. The relationship between the strain and the frequency of the strain-sensitive unit is linear, the linear correlation is 0.98842, and the sensitivity is 100 Hz/μԑ at room temperature in the range of 0-700 μԑ. The relationship between the temperature and the frequency of the temperature-sensitive unit is linear, the linearity of the fitting curve is 0.99716, and the sensitivity is 7.62 kHz/°C in the range of 25-250 °C. This sensor has potential for use in closed environments such as natural gas or oil pipelines.
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Wu R, Ma L, Patil A, Hou C, Zhu S, Fan X, Lin H, Yu W, Guo W, Liu XY. All-Textile Electronic Skin Enabled by Highly Elastic Spacer Fabric and Conductive Fibers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:33336-33346. [PMID: 31424911 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electronic fabrics that combine traditional fabric with intelligent functionalities have attracted increasing attention. Here an all-fabric pressure sensor with a wireless battery-free monitoring system was successfully fabricated, where a 3D penetrated fabric sandwiched between two highly conductive fabric electrodes acts as a dielectric layer. Thanks to the good elastic recovery of the spacer fabric, the capacitance pressure sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 0.283 KPa-1 with a fast response time and good cycling stability (≥20 000). Water-soluble poly(vinyl alcohol) template-assisted silver nanofibers were constructed on the high-roughness fabric surface to achieve high conductivity (0.33 Ω/sq), remarkable mechanical robustness, and good biocompatibility with human skin. In addition, the coplanar fabric sensor arrays were successfully designed and fabricated to spatially map resolved pressure information. More importantly, the gas-permeable fabrics can be stuck on the skin for wireless real-time pressure detection through a fiber inductor coil with a resonant frequency shift sensitivity of 6.8 MHz/kPa. Our all-fabric sensor is more suitable for textile technology compared with traditional pressure sensors and exhibited wide potential applications in the field of intelligent fabric for electronic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Wu
- Research Institution for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Physical Science and Technology, Jiujiang Research Institute , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
| | - Liyun Ma
- Research Institution for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Physical Science and Technology, Jiujiang Research Institute , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Aniruddha Patil
- Research Institution for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Physical Science and Technology, Jiujiang Research Institute , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Chen Hou
- Research Institution for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Physical Science and Technology, Jiujiang Research Institute , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Shuihong Zhu
- Research Institution for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Physical Science and Technology, Jiujiang Research Institute , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Xuwei Fan
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Hezhi Lin
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Weidong Yu
- Research Institution for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Physical Science and Technology, Jiujiang Research Institute , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Wenxi Guo
- Research Institution for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Physical Science and Technology, Jiujiang Research Institute , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Xiang Yang Liu
- Research Institution for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Physical Science and Technology, Jiujiang Research Institute , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
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