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Abstract
Recently, a lipopeptide derived from the hepatitis B virus (HBV) large surface protein has been developed as an HBV entry inhibitor. This lipopeptide, called MyrcludexB (MyrB), selectively binds to the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) on the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes. Here, the feasibility of coupling therapeutic enzymes to MyrB was investigated for the development of enzyme delivery strategies. Hepatotropic targeting shall enable enzyme prodrug therapies and detoxification procedures. Here, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was conjugated to MyrB via maleimide chemistry, and coupling was validated by SDS-PAGE and reversed-phase HPLC. The specificity of the target recognition of HRP-MyrB could be shown in an NTCP-overexpressing liver parenchymal cell line, as demonstrated by competitive inhibition with an excess of free MyrB and displayed a strong linear dependency on the applied HRP-MyrB concentration. In vivo studies in zebrafish embryos revealed a dominating interaction of HRP-MyrB with scavenger endothelial cells vs xenografted NTCP expressing mammalian cells. In mice, radiolabeled 125I-HRP-MyrBy, as well as the non-NTCP targeted control HRP-peptide-construct (125I-HRP-alaMyrBy) demonstrated a strong liver accumulation confirming the nonspecific interaction with scavenger cells. Still, MyrB conjugation to HRP resulted in an increased and NTCP-mediated hepatotropism, as revealed by competitive inhibition. In conclusion, the model enzyme HRP was successfully conjugated to MyrB to achieve NTCP-specific targeting in vitro with the potential for ex vivo diagnostic applications. In vivo, target specificity was reduced by non-NTCP-mediated interactions. Nonetheless, tissue distribution experiments in zebrafish embryos provide mechanistic insight into underlying scavenging processes indicating partial involvement of stabilin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pratsinis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Uhl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jan Stephan Bolten
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hauswirth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Heidi Schenk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Urban
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Dominik Witzigmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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Kagotani K, Nakayama H, Zang L, Fujimoto Y, Hayashi A, Sono R, Nishimura N, Shimada Y. Lecithin-Based Dermal Drug Delivery for Anti-Pigmentation Maize Ceramide. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071595. [PMID: 32244349 PMCID: PMC7180834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides have several well-known biological properties, including anti-pigmentation and anti-melanogenesis, which make them applicable for use in skincare products in cosmetics. However, the efficacy of ceramides is still limited. Dermal or transdermal drug delivery systems can enhance the anti-pigmentation properties of ceramides, although there is currently no systemic evaluation method for the efficacy of these systems. Here we prepared several types of lecithin-based emulsion of maize-derived glucosylceramide, determining PC70-ceramide (phosphatidylcholine-base) to be the safest and most effective anti-pigmentation agent using zebrafish larvae. We also demonstrated the efficacy of PC70 as a drug delivery system by showing that PC70-Nile Red (red fluorescence) promoted Nile Red accumulation in the larval bodies. In addition, PC70-ceramide suppressed melanin in mouse B16 melanoma cells compared to ceramide alone. In conclusion, we developed a lecithin-based dermal delivery method for ceramide using zebrafish larvae with implications for human clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kagotani
- Tsuji Health & Beauty Science Laboratory, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan;
- Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (H.N.); (L.Z.); (N.N.)
| | - Hiroko Nakayama
- Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (H.N.); (L.Z.); (N.N.)
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Liqing Zang
- Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (H.N.); (L.Z.); (N.N.)
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujimoto
- Tsuji Oil Mills Co., Ltd., Matsusaka, Mie 515-0053, Japan; (Y.F.); (A.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Akihito Hayashi
- Tsuji Oil Mills Co., Ltd., Matsusaka, Mie 515-0053, Japan; (Y.F.); (A.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Ryoji Sono
- Tsuji Oil Mills Co., Ltd., Matsusaka, Mie 515-0053, Japan; (Y.F.); (A.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (H.N.); (L.Z.); (N.N.)
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (H.N.); (L.Z.); (N.N.)
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-59-231-5384
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