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Sun M, Zhang Y, Qin J, Ba M, Yao Y, Duan Y, Liu H, Yu D. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 2-methoxyestradiol derivatives: Potent inhibitors of angiogenesis and tubulin polymerization. Bioorg Chem 2021; 113:104988. [PMID: 34034135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the structural optimization of a hit natural compound, 2-ME2 (2-methoxyestradiol), which exhibited inhibitory activity but low potency on tubulin polymerization, anti- angiogenesis, MCF-7 proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. A novel series of 3,17-modified and 17-modified analogs of 2-ME2 were synthesized and investigated for their antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and another five different human cancer cell lines leading to the discovery of 9i. 9i bind to tubulin colchicine site tightly, inhibited tubulin polymerization and disrupted cellular microtubule networks. Cellular mechanism studies revealed that 9i could induce G2/M phase arrest by down-regulated expression of p-Cdc2, P21 and cell apoptosis by regulating apoptosis-related proteins (Parp, Caspase families) in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, 9i significantly inhibited HUVEC tube formation, proliferation, migration and invasion. The inhibitory effect against angiogenesis in vivo was confirmed by zebrafish xenograft. Furthermore, 9i could effectively inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of MCF-7 cells in vitro and in zebrafish xenograft. The satisfactory physicochemical property and metabolic stability of 9i further indicated that it can act as a promising and potent anti-angiogenesis, inhibiting proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer agent via targeting tubulin colchicine binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jinling Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Mengyu Ba
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yongfang Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Yongtao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China.
| | - Hongmin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Dequan Yu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021,China
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Borahay MA, Vincent KL, Motamedi M, Tekedereli I, Salama SA, Ozpolat B, Kilic GS. Liposomal 2-Methoxyestradiol Nanoparticles for Treatment of Uterine Leiomyoma in a Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Model. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:271-277. [PMID: 32632769 PMCID: PMC7785630 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00248-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas represent a challenging problem with limited medical treatment options. The anti-tumor agent 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) shows promising results but its efficacy is limited by inadequate pharmacokinetics. We previously demonstrated that 2-ME nanoparticles can be successfully formulated and that they show improved in vitro anti-leiomyoma cell activity. Here, we examined the effects of the in vivo delivery of 2-ME nanoparticles in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) leiomyoma mouse model. Patient-derived leiomyoma tumor tissues were xenografted subcutaneously in estrogen/progesterone pretreated immunodeficient NOG mice. Animals (n = 12) were treated with liposomal 2-ME nanoparticles by intra-peritoneal (IP) injection (50 mg/kg/dose, three times weekly) or control for 28 days. Tumor volume was measured weekly by calipers and prior to sacrifice by ultrasound. In addition, the expression of the cell proliferation marker Ki67 and the apoptosis marker cleaved caspase-3 in tumor tissues after treatment were measured by immunohistochemistry. Liposomal 2-ME treatment was associated with a significant tumor growth inhibition (30.5% less than controls as early as 2 weeks, p = 0.025). In addition, injections of liposomal 2-ME inhibited the expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 (55.8% reduction, p < 0.001). Furthermore, liposomal 2-ME treatment was associated with a 67.5% increase of cleaved caspase-3 expression of increase (p = 0.048). Our findings suggest that liposomal nanoparticle formulation can successfully deliver 2-ME and can be a promising therapeutic strategy for uterine leiomyoma. Further characterization of the liposomal-2ME, including pharmacokinetics, maximal tolerated dose, and safety, is needed in preclinical models prior to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Borahay
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, 4940 Eastern Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21224-2780, USA.
| | - Kathleen L Vincent
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Biomedical Engineering Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Massoud Motamedi
- Biomedical Engineering Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ibrahim Tekedereli
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Salama A Salama
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Gokhan S Kilic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Ba MY, Xia LW, Li HL, Wang YG, Chu YN, Zhao Q, Hu CP, He XT, Li TX, Liang KY, Zhang YH, Yang L, Xie WH, Yang H, Sun MR. Concise synthesis of 2-methoxyestradiol from 17β-estradiol through the C(sp 2)-H hydroxylation. Steroids 2019; 146:99-103. [PMID: 30951759 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A four-step route for the synthesis of 2-methoxyestradiol (5) starting from 17β-estradiol (1) has been achieved with a 51% overall yield. The key step was the ruthenium-catalyzed ortho-C(sp2)-H bond hydroxylation of aryl carbamates. Using dimethyl carbamate as the directing group, [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 as the catalyst, PhI(OAc)2 as the oxidant and trifluoroacetate/trifluoroacetic anhydride (1:1) as the co-solvent, the hydroxyl group could be singly installed at the 2-position of 3-dimethylcarbamoyloxyestradiol (2) with 65% yield. Subsequent methylation of hydroxy and removal of dimethyl carbamate afforded 2-methoxyestradiol (5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yu Ba
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li-Wen Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hong-Liang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying-Ge Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ya-Nan Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chao-Ping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Tong He
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tian-Xiao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kai-Yue Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ya-Han Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wen-Hao Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mo-Ran Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Al-Kazaale N, Tran PT, Haidari F, Solum EJ, Liekens S, Vervaeke P, Sylte I, Cheng JJ, Vik A, Hansen TV. Synthesis, molecular modeling and biological evaluation of potent analogs of 2-methoxyestradiol. Steroids 2018; 136:47-55. [PMID: 29772242 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous steroid 2-methoxyestradiol (1) has attracted a great interest as a lead compound towards the development of new anti-cancer drugs. Herein, the synthesis, molecular modeling, anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic effects of ten 2-ethyl and four 2-methoxy analogs of estradiol are reported. The ethyl group was introduced to the steroid A-ring using a novel Friedel-Crafts alkylation protocol. Several analogs displayed potent anti-proliferative activity with IC50-values in the submicromolar range towards the CEM human leukemia cancer cell line. As such, all of these compounds proved to be more active than the lead compound 2-methoxyestradiol (1) in these cells. The six most cytostatic analogs were also tested as anti-angiogenic agents using an in vitro tube formation assay. The IC50-values were determined to be in the range of 0.1 μM ± 0.03 and 1.1 μM ± 0.2. These six compounds were also modest inhibitors against tubulin polymerization with the most potent inhibitor was 14b (IC50 = 2.1 ± 0.1 μM). Binding studies using N,N'-ethylene-bis(iodoacetamide) revealed that neither14a or 14b binds to the colchicine binding site in the tubulin protein, in contrast to 2-methoxyestradiol (1). These observations were supported by molecular modeling studies. Results from a MDA-MB-231 cell cycle assay showed that both 10e and 14b gave accumulation in the G2/M phase resulting in induction of apoptosis. The results presented herein shows that the novel analogs reported exhibit their anticancer effects via several modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Al-Kazaale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Phuong T Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Farhad Haidari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Johansson Solum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Health Sciences, Nord University, 7801 Namsos, Norway
| | - Sandra Liekens
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Postbus 1043, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vervaeke
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Postbus 1043, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingebrigt Sylte
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jing-Jy Cheng
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, 155-1 Li-Nung Street, Section 2, Shih-Pai, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Anders Vik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Vidar Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
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