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Anand BG, Prajapati KP, Ansari M, Yadav DK, Temgire M, Kar K. Genesis of Neurotoxic Hybrid Nanofibers from the Coassembly of Aromatic Amino Acids. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:36722-36736. [PMID: 34327979 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Considering the relevance of accumulation and self-assembly of metabolites and aftermath of biological consequences, it is important to know whether they undergo coassembly and what properties the resultant hybrid higher-order structures would exhibit. This work reveals the inherent tendency of aromatic amino acids to undergo a spontaneous coassembly process under physiologically mimicked conditions, which yields neurotoxic hybrid nanofibers. Resultant hybrid nanostructures resembled the β-structured conformers stabilized by H-bonds and π-π stacking interactions, which were highly toxic to human neuroblastoma cells. The hybrid nanofibers also showed strong cross-seeding potential that triggered in vitro aggregation of diverse globular proteins and brain extract components, converting the native structures into cross-β-rich amyloid aggregates. The heterogenic nature of the hybrid nanofibers seems crucial for their higher toxicity and faster cross-seeding potential as compared to the homogeneous amino acid nanofibers. Our findings reveal the importance of aromaticity-driven optimized intermolecular arrangements for the coassembly of aromatic amino acids, and the results may provide important clues to the fundamental understanding of metabolite accumulation-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibin Gnanadhason Anand
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kailash Prasad Prajapati
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Masihuzzaman Ansari
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Yadav
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Mayur Temgire
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institution of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Karunakar Kar
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Pereira R, Mohamed ET, Radi MS, Herrgård MJ, Feist AM, Nielsen J, Chen Y. Elucidating aromatic acid tolerance at low pH in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using adaptive laboratory evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27954-27961. [PMID: 33106428 PMCID: PMC7668050 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013044117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicity from the external presence or internal production of compounds can reduce the growth and viability of microbial cell factories and compromise productivity. Aromatic compounds are generally toxic for microorganisms, which makes their production in microbial hosts challenging. Here we use adaptive laboratory evolution to generate Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants tolerant to two aromatic acids, coumaric acid and ferulic acid. The evolution experiments were performed at low pH (3.5) to reproduce conditions typical of industrial processes. Mutant strains tolerant to levels of aromatic acids near the solubility limit were then analyzed by whole genome sequencing, which revealed prevalent point mutations in a transcriptional activator (Aro80) that is responsible for regulating the use of aromatic amino acids as the nitrogen source. Among the genes regulated by Aro80, ESBP6 was found to be responsible for increasing tolerance to aromatic acids by exporting them out of the cell. Further examination of the native function of Esbp6 revealed that this transporter can excrete fusel acids (byproducts of aromatic amino acid catabolism) and this role is shared with at least one additional transporter native to S. cerevisiae (Pdr12). Besides conferring tolerance to aromatic acids, ESBP6 overexpression was also shown to significantly improve the secretion in coumaric acid production strains. Overall, we showed that regulating the activity of transporters is a major mechanism to improve tolerance to aromatic acids. These findings can be used to modulate the intracellular concentration of aromatic compounds to optimize the excretion of such products while keeping precursor molecules inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pereira
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elsayed T Mohamed
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mohammad S Radi
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Markus J Herrgård
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- BioInnovation Institute, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Adam M Feist
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- BioInnovation Institute, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Elliott A, Reiners JJ. Suppression of autophagy enhances the cytotoxicity of the DNA-damaging aromatic amine p-anilinoaniline. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 232:169-79. [PMID: 18655802 PMCID: PMC2605791 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
p-Anilinoaniline (pAA) is an aromatic amine that is widely used in hair dying applications. It is also a metabolite of metanil yellow, an azo dye that is commonly used as a food coloring agent. Concentrations of pAA between 10 and 25 microM were cytostatic to cultures of the normal human mammary epithelia cell line MCF10A. Concentrations >or=50 microM were cytotoxic. Cytostatic concentrations induced transient G(1) and S cell cycle phase arrests; whereas cytotoxic concentrations induced protracted arrests. Cytotoxic concentrations of pAA caused DNA damage, as monitored by the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay, and morphological changes consistent with cells undergoing apoptosis and/or autophagy. Enzymatic and western blot analyses, and binding analyses of fluorescent labeled VAD-FMK, suggested that caspase family members were activated by pAA. Western blot analyses documented the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, a post-translational modification involved in the development of the autophagosome. Suppression of autophagosome formation, via knockdown of ATG7 with shRNA, prevented pAA-induced vacuolization, enhanced the activation of pro-caspase-3, and increased susceptibility of ATG7-deficient cells to the cytostatic and cytotoxic activities of markedly lower concentrations of pAA. Cells stably transfected with a nonsense shRNA behaved like parental MCF10A cells. Collectively, these data suggest that MCF10A cultures undergo autophagy as a pro-survival response to concentrations of pAA sufficient to induce DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Althea Elliott
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - John J. Reiners
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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