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Amarasinghe HE, Zhang P, Whalley JP, Allcock A, Migliorini G, Brown AC, Scozzafava G, Knight JC. Mapping the epigenomic landscape of human monocytes following innate immune activation reveals context-specific mechanisms driving endotoxin tolerance. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:595. [PMID: 37805492 PMCID: PMC10559536 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocytes are key mediators of innate immunity to infection, undergoing profound and dynamic changes in epigenetic state and immune function which are broadly protective but may be dysregulated in disease. Here, we aimed to advance understanding of epigenetic regulation following innate immune activation, acutely and in endotoxin tolerant states. METHODS We exposed human primary monocytes from healthy donors (n = 6) to interferon-γ or differing combinations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), including acute response (2 h) and two models of endotoxin tolerance: repeated stimulations (6 + 6 h) and prolonged exposure to endotoxin (24 h). Another subset of monocytes was left untreated (naïve). We identified context-specific regulatory elements based on epigenetic signatures for chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) and regulatory non-coding RNAs from total RNA sequencing. RESULTS We present an atlas of differential gene expression for endotoxin and interferon response, identifying widespread context specific changes. Across assayed states, only 24-29% of genes showing differential exon usage are also differential at the gene level. Overall, 19.9% (6,884 of 34,616) of repeatedly observed ATAC peaks were differential in at least one condition, the majority upregulated on stimulation and located in distal regions (64.1% vs 45.9% of non-differential peaks) within which sequences were less conserved than non-differential peaks. We identified enhancer-derived RNA signatures specific to different monocyte states that correlated with chromatin accessibility changes. The endotoxin tolerance models showed distinct chromatin accessibility and transcriptomic signatures, with integrated analysis identifying genes and pathways involved in the inflammatory response, detoxification, metabolism and wound healing. We leveraged eQTL mapping for the same monocyte activation states to link potential enhancers with specific genes, identifying 1,946 unique differential ATAC peaks with 1,340 expression associated genes. We further use this to inform understanding of reported GWAS, for example involving FCHO1 and coronary artery disease. CONCLUSION This study reports context-specific regulatory elements based on transcriptomic profiling and epigenetic signatures for enhancer-derived RNAs and chromatin accessibility in immune tolerant monocyte states, and demonstrates the informativeness of linking such elements and eQTL to inform future mechanistic studies aimed at defining therapeutic targets of immunosuppression and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harindra E Amarasinghe
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
| | - Ping Zhang
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Justin P Whalley
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Alice Allcock
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Gabriele Migliorini
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andrew C Brown
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Giuseppe Scozzafava
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Julian C Knight
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
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Bruse N, Jansen A, Gerretsen J, Rijbroek D, Wienholts K, Arron M, van Goor H, Ederveen THA, Pickkers P, Kox M. The gut microbiota composition has no predictive value for the endotoxin-induced immune response or development of endotoxin tolerance in humans invivo. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105174. [PMID: 37348752 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is largely unknown whether the gut microbiome regulates immune responses in humans. We determined relationships between the microbiota composition and immunological phenotypes in 108 healthy volunteers, using 16S sequencing, an ex vivo monocyte challenge model, and an in vivo challenge model of systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RESULTS Significant associations were observed between the microbiota composition and ex vivo monocytic cytokine responses induced by several stimuli, most notably IL-10 production induced by Pam3Cys, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, although the explained variance was rather low (0.3-4.8%). Furthermore, a number of pairwise correlations between Blautia, Bacteroides and Prevotella genera and cytokine production induced by these stimuli were identified. LPS administration induced a profound transient in vivo inflammatory response. A second LPS challenge one week after the first resulted in a severely blunted response, reflecting endotoxin tolerance. However, no significant relationships between microbiota composition and in vivo parameters of inflammation or tolerance were found (explained variance ranging from 0.4 to 1.5%, ns). CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiota composition explains a limited degree of variance in ex vivo monocytic cytokine responses to several pathogenic stimuli, but no relationships with the LPS-induced in vivo immune response or tolerance was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Bruse
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Aron Jansen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle Gerretsen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle Rijbroek
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kiedo Wienholts
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Surgery, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Therapy, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa Arron
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas H A Ederveen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Ang HP, Makpol S, Nasaruddin ML, Ahmad NS, Tan JK, Wan Zaidi WA, Embong H. Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Delirium-like Behaviour in a Rat Model of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Is Associated with Increased Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression and Endotoxin Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12248. [PMID: 37569622 PMCID: PMC10418785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway (TRP-KP) are upregulated in ageing and could be implicated in the pathogenesis of delirium. This study evaluated the role of IDO/KP in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced delirium in an animal model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), a proposed model for delirium. CCH was induced by a permanent bilateral common carotid artery ligation (BCCAL) in Sprague Dawley rats to trigger chronic neuroinflammation-induced neurodegeneration. Eight weeks after permanent BCCAL, the rats were treated with a single systemic LPS. The rats were divided into three groups: (1) post-BCCAL rats treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) saline, (2) post-BCCAL rats treated with i.p. LPS 100 μg/kg, and (3) sham-operated rats treated with i.p. LPS 100 μg/kg. Each group consisted of 10 male rats. To elucidate the LPS-induced delirium-like behaviour, natural and learned behaviour changes were assessed by a buried food test (BFT), open field test (OFT), and Y-maze test at 0, 24-, 48-, and 72 h after LPS treatment. Serum was collected after each session of behavioural assessment. The rats were euthanised after the last serum collection, and the hippocampi and cerebral cortex were collected. The TRP-KP neuroactive metabolites were measured in both serum and brain tissues using ELISA. Our data show that LPS treatment in CCH rats was associated with acute, transient, and fluctuated deficits in natural and learned behaviour, consistent with features of delirium. These behaviour deficits were mild compared to the sham-operated rats, which exhibited robust behaviour impairments. Additionally, heightened hippocampal IDO expression in the LPS-treated CCH rats was associated with reduced serum KP activity together with a decrease in the hippocampal quinolinic acid (QA) expression compared to the sham-operated rats, suggested for the presence of endotoxin tolerance through the immunomodulatory activity of IDO in the brain. These data provide new insight into the underlying mechanisms of delirium, and future studies should further explore the role of IDO modulation and its therapeutic potential in delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Phing Ang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (N.S.A.)
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.L.N.); (J.K.T.)
| | - Muhammad Luqman Nasaruddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.L.N.); (J.K.T.)
| | - Nurul Saadah Ahmad
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (N.S.A.)
| | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.L.N.); (J.K.T.)
| | - Wan Asyraf Wan Zaidi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (N.S.A.)
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Zhao J, Jia L, Tao Y, Zhao X, Yang J, Lu Y, Yan Y, Mao L, Hu L, Lu J, Guo M, Chen C, Zhou Y, Wen Z, He Z, Xu L. TCR repertoire landscape reveals macrophage-mediated clone deletion in endotoxin tolerance. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:531-540. [PMID: 36633616 PMCID: PMC10023648 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endotoxin tolerance (ET) is a protective mechanism in the process of sepsis, septic shock, and their sequelae including uncontrolled inflammation. Accumulating evidence has shown that peripheral T cells contribute to the induction of ET. However, what and how T-cell development contributes to ET inductions remain unclear. METHODS Mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS at a concentration of 5 mg/kg to establish an LPS tolerance model and were divided into two groups: a group examined 72 h after LPS injection (72-h group) and a group examined 8 days after LPS injection (8-day group). Injection of PBS was used as a control. We performed high-throughput sequencing to analyze the characteristics and changes of CD4+SP TCRβ CDR3 repertoires with respect to V direct to J rearrangement during the ET induction. Moreover, the proportion and proliferation, as well as surface molecules such as CD80 and CD86, of F4/80+ macrophages were analyzed using FCM. Furthermore, ACT assay was designed and administered by the tail vein into murine LPS-induced mouse model to evaluate the role of F4/80+ macrophages on the development of CD4+SP thymocytes in ET condition. RESULTS We found that the frequency and characteristics of the TCRβ chain CDR3 changed obviously under condition of ET, indicating the occurrence of TCR rearrangement and thymocyte diversification. Moreover, the absolute numbers of F4/80+ macrophages, but not other APCs, were increased in thymic medulla at 72-h group, accompanied by the elevated function-related molecules of F4/80+ macrophages. Furthermore, adoptively transferred OVA332-339 peptide-loaded macrophages into Rag-1-/- mice induced the clone deletion of OVA-specific CD4+SP, thereby ameliorating the pathology in lung tissue in LPS challenge. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal that the frequency and characteristics of the TCRβ chain CDR3 undergo dynamic programming under conditions of LPS tolerance. Furthermore, the peripheral macrophages may be a key factor which carry peripheral antigen to thymic medulla and affect the negative selection of T-cell population, thereby contributing to the formation of ET. These results suggest that the clone selection in thymus in ET may confer protection against microbial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Li Jia
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - YiJing Tao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Yanxin Lu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Ling Mao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - MengMeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhixu He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China.
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Dorneles GP, Teixeira PC, Peres A, Rodrigues Júnior LC, da Fonseca SG, Monteiro MC, Eller S, Oliveira TF, Wendland EM, Romão PRT. Endotoxin tolerance and low activation of TLR-4/NF-κB axis in monocytes of COVID-19 patients. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:183-195. [PMID: 36790534 PMCID: PMC9930695 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Higher endotoxin in the circulation may indicate a compromised state of host immune response against coinfections in severe COVID-19 patients. We evaluated the inflammatory response of monocytes from COVID-19 patients after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Whole blood samples of healthy controls, patients with mild COVID-19, and patients with severe COVID-19 were incubated with LPS for 2 h. Severe COVID-19 patients presented higher LPS and sCD14 levels in the plasma than healthy controls and mild COVID-19 patients. In non-stimulated in vitro condition, severe COVID-19 patients presented higher inflammatory cytokines and PGE-2 levels and CD14 + HLA-DRlow monocytes frequency than controls. Moreover, severe COVID-19 patients presented higher NF-κB p65 phosphorylation in CD14 + HLA-DRlow, as well as higher expression of TLR-4 and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation in CD14 + HLA-DRhigh compared to controls. The stimulation of LPS in whole blood of severe COVID-19 patients leads to lower cytokine production but higher PGE-2 levels compared to controls. Endotoxin challenge with both concentrations reduced the frequency of CD14 + HLA-DRlow in severe COVID-19 patients, but the increases in TLR-4 expression and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation were more pronounced in both CD14 + monocytes of healthy controls and mild COVID-19 patients compared to severe COVID-19 group. We conclude that acute SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with diminished endotoxin response in monocytes. KEY MESSAGES: Severe COVID-19 patients had higher levels of LPS and systemic IL-6 and TNF-α. Severe COVID-19 patients presented higher CD14+HLA-DRlow monocytes. Increased TLR-4/NF-κB axis was identified in monocytes of severe COVID-19. Blunted production of cytokines after whole blood LPS stimulation in severe COVID-19. Lower TLR-4/NF-κB activation in monocytes after LPS stimulation in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilson P Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, Porto Alegre, RS, 245, 90050-170, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula C Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, Porto Alegre, RS, 245, 90050-170, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, Porto Alegre, RS, 245, 90050-170, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Rodrigues Júnior
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, Porto Alegre, RS, 245, 90050-170, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Sarah Eller
- Pharmacosciences Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago F Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eliana M Wendland
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro R T Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, Porto Alegre, RS, 245, 90050-170, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Scalisi G, Ricciuti D, Manni G. Endotoxin-Tolerance Mimicking to Study TLR in Promotion of Tolerogenic DCs and Tr1 Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2700:93-116. [PMID: 37603176 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3366-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of immunogenic and tolerogenic immune responses. Both these immune responses require DCs respectively to activate effector T cells or to induce their anergy and T regulatory activity. Modifications of DCs in the laboratory and several pharmacological agents can enhance and stabilize their tolerogenic properties. Recent evidences demonstrate that activation of specific toll-like receptors (TLRs) can be involved in induction of DCs with tolerogenic properties able to initiate T regulatory cell responses.In the present chapter, we show a detail protocol to obtain in vitro regulatory conventional DCs (cDCs) in response to repeated exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a ligand of TLR4, by mimicking the mechanism of endotoxin tolerance. Subsequently, the protective effect of cDCs' conditionate with LPS will be describe in in vivo inflammatory model of endotoxemia. Finally, we illustrate the method to study the ability of LPS-conditionate cDCs to promote T regulatory cells in ex vivo system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Scalisi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Doriana Ricciuti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Manni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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7
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Lee MJ, Bae J, Lee JH, Park YJ, Lee HAR, Mun S, Kim YS, Yune CJ, Chung TN, Kim K. Serial Change of Endotoxin Tolerance in a Polymicrobial Sepsis Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126581. [PMID: 35743025 PMCID: PMC9223582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune suppression is known to occur during sepsis. Endotoxin tolerance is considered a mechanism of immune suppression in sepsis. However, the timing and serial changes in endotoxin tolerance have not been fully investigated. In this study, we investigated serial changes in endotoxin tolerance in a polymicrobial sepsis model. Herein, we used a rat model of fecal slurry polymicrobial sepsis. After induction of sepsis, endotoxin tolerance of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and splenocytes was measured at various time points (6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 5 days, and 7 days), through the measurement of TNF-α production after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in an ex vivo model. At each time point, we checked for plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 levels. Moreover, we analyzed reactive oxygen species (ROS) as measured by 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein, plasma lactate, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatinine levels. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-M, and cleaved caspase 3 levels were measured in the spleen. Endotoxin tolerance, measured by TNF-α production stimulated through LPS in PBMCs and splenocytes, was induced early in the sepsis model, starting from 6 h after sepsis. It reached a nadir at 24 to 48 h after sepsis, and then started to recover. Endotoxin tolerance was more prominent in the severe sepsis model. Plasma cytokines peaked at time points ranging from 6 to 12 h after sepsis. ROS levels peaked at 12 h and then decreased. Lactate, ALT, and serum creatinine levels increased up to 24 to 48 h, and then decreased. Phosphorylated p65 and IRAK-M levels of spleen increased up to 12 to 24 h and then decreased. Apoptosis was prominent 48 h after sepsis, and then recovered. In the rat model of polymicrobial sepsis, endotoxin tolerance occurred earlier and started to recover from 24 to 48 h after sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jinkun Bae
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
| | - Ye Jin Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
| | - Han A Reum Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
| | - Sehwan Mun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
| | - Yun-seok Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
| | - Chang June Yune
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
| | - Tae Nyoung Chung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Kyuseok Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea
- Correspondence: or
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Leligdowicz A, Kamm J, Kalantar K, Jauregui A, Vessel K, Caldera S, Serpa PH, Abbott J, Fang X, Tian X, Prakash A, Kangelaris KN, Liu KD, Calfee CS, Langelier C, Matthay MA. Functional Transcriptomic Studies of Immune Responses and Endotoxin Tolerance in Early Human Sepsis. Shock 2022; 57:180-190. [PMID: 35066510 PMCID: PMC9246838 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited studies have functionally evaluated the heterogeneity in early ex vivo immune responses during sepsis. Our aim was to characterize early sepsis ex vivo functional immune response heterogeneity by studying whole blood endotoxin responses and derive a transcriptional metric of ex vivo endotoxin response. METHODS Blood collected within 24 h of hospital presentation from 40 septic patients was divided into two fractions and incubated with media (unstimulated) or endotoxin. Supernatants and cells were isolated, and responses measured using: supernatant cytokines, lung endothelial permeability after supernatant exposure, and RNA expression. A transcriptomic signature was derived in unstimulated cells to predict the ex vivo endotoxin response. The signature was tested in a separate cohort of 191 septic patients to evaluate for association with clinical outcome. Plasma biomarkers were quantified to measure in vivo host inflammation. RESULTS Ex vivo response to endotoxin varied and was unrelated to immunosuppression, white blood cell count, or the causative pathogen. Thirty-five percent of patients demonstrated a minimal response to endotoxin, suggesting early immunosuppression. High ex vivo cytokine production by stimulated blood cells correlated with increased in vitro pulmonary endothelial cell permeability and was associated with attenuated in vivo host inflammation. A four-gene signature of endotoxin response detectable without the need for a functional assay was identified. When tested in a separate cohort of septic patients, its expression was inversely associated with hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS An attenuated ex vivo endotoxin response in early sepsis is associated with greater host in vivo inflammation and a worse clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Leligdowicz
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Jack Kamm
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Alejandra Jauregui
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kathryn Vessel
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Saharai Caldera
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paula Hayakawa Serpa
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jason Abbott
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiaohui Fang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Arun Prakash
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kirsten Neudoerffer Kangelaris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kathleen D. Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carolyn S. Calfee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Charles Langelier
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael A. Matthay
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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9
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Schubert M, Kluge S, Brunner E, Pace S, Birringer M, Werz O, Lorkowski S. The α-tocopherol-derived long-chain metabolite α-13'-COOH mediates endotoxin tolerance and modulates the inflammatory response via MAPK and NFκB pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:83-96. [PMID: 34848369 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The long-chain metabolites of (LCM) vitamin E are proposed as the active regulatory metabolites of vitamin E providing, with their anti-inflammatory properties, an explanatory approach for the inconsistent effects of vitamin E on inflammatory-driven diseases. We examined the modulation of cytokine expression and release from macrophages, a fundamental process in many diseases, to gain insights into the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the α-tocopherol-derived LCM α-13'-COOH. METHODS AND RESULTS Suppressed gene expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (Ccl2), tumor necrosis factor (Tnf), and interleukin (Il) 6 in response to lipopolysaccharides by 24 h pre-treatment with α-13'-COOH in RAW264.7 macrophages was revealed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Further, reduced secretion of IL1β and CCL2 was found in this setup using flow cytometry. In contrast, 1 h pre-treatment suppressed only CCL2. Consequent gene expression analysis within 24 h of α-13'-COOH treatment revealed the induction of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) negative feedback regulators including the 'master regulators' dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (Dusp1/Mkp1) and tumor necrosis factor induced protein 3 (Tnfaip3/A20). Approaches with immunoblots and chemical antagonists suggest a feedback induction via activation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK), p38 MAPK and NFκB pathways. CONCLUSIONS CCL2 is suppressed in murine macrophages by α-13'-COOH and the indirect suppression of MAPK and NFκB pathways is likely a relevant process contributing to anti-inflammatory actions of α-13'-COOH. These results improve the understanding of the effects of α-13'-COOH and provide a basis for new research strategies in the context of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schubert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena Brunner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Simona Pace
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Marc Birringer
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Consumer Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Germany; Regionales Innovationszentrum Gesundheit und Lebensqualität (RIGL), Fulda, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.
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Tiozzo C, Bustoros M, Lin X, Manzano De Mejia C, Gurzenda E, Chavez M, Hanna I, Aguiari P, Perin L, Hanna N. Placental extracellular vesicles-associated microRNA-519c mediates endotoxin adaptation in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 225:681.e1-681.e20. [PMID: 34181894 PMCID: PMC8633060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy represents a unique challenge for the maternal-fetal immune interface, requiring a balance between immunosuppression, which is essential for the maintenance of a semiallogeneic fetus, and proinflammatory host defense to protect the maternal-fetal interface from invading organisms. Adaptation to repeated inflammatory stimuli (endotoxin tolerance) may be critical in preventing inflammation-induced preterm birth caused by exaggerated maternal inflammatory responses to mild or moderate infections that are common during pregnancy. However, the exact mechanisms contributing to the maintenance of tolerance to repeated infections are not completely understood. MicroRNAs play important roles in pregnancy with several microRNAs implicated in gestational tissue function and in pathologic pregnancy conditions. MicroRNA-519c, a member of the chromosome 19 microRNA cluster, is a human-specific microRNA mainly expressed in the placenta. However, its role in pregnancy is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the role of "endotoxin tolerance" failure in the pathogenesis of an exaggerated inflammatory response often seen in inflammation-mediated preterm birth. In this study, we investigated the role of microRNA-519c, a placenta-specific microRNA, as a key regulator of endotoxin tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface. STUDY DESIGN Using a placental explant culture system, samples from term and second-trimester placentas were treated with lipopolysaccharide. After 24 hours, the conditioned media were collected for analysis, and the placental explants were re-exposed to repeated doses of lipopolysaccharide for 3 days. The supernatant was analyzed for inflammatory markers, the presence of extracellular vesicles, and microRNAs. To study the possible mechanism of action of the microRNAs, we evaluated the phosphodiesterase 3B pathway involved in tumor necrosis factor alpha production using a microRNA mimic and phosphodiesterase 3B small interfering RNA transfection. Finally, we analyzed human placental samples from different gestational ages and from women affected by inflammation-associated pregnancies. RESULTS Our data showed that repeated exposure of the human placenta to endotoxin challenges induced a tolerant phenotype characterized by decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha and up-regulated interleukin-10 levels. This reaction was mediated by the placenta-specific microRNA-519c packaged within placental extracellular vesicles. Lipopolysaccharide treatment increased the extracellular vesicles that were positive for the exosome tetraspanin markers, namely CD9, CD63, and CD81, and secreted primarily by trophoblasts. Primary human trophoblast cells transfected with a microRNA-519c mimic decreased phosphodiesterase 3B, whereas a lack of phosphodiesterase 3B, achieved by small interfering RNA transfection, led to decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha production. These data support the hypothesis that the anti-inflammatory action of microRNA-519c was mediated by a down-regulation of the phosphodiesterase 3B pathway, leading to inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha production. Furthermore, human placentas from normal and inflammation-associated pregnancies demonstrated that a decreased placental microRNA-519c level was linked to infection-induced inflammatory pathologies during pregnancy. CONCLUSION We identified microRNA-519c, a human placenta-specific microRNA, as a novel regulator of immune adaptation associated with infection-induced preterm birth at the maternal-fetal interface. Our study serves as a basis for future experiments to explore the potential use of microRNA-519c as a biomarker for infection-induced preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Tiozzo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Mark Bustoros
- Women and Children's Research Laboratory, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY; Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Women and Children's Research Laboratory, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Claudia Manzano De Mejia
- Women and Children's Research Laboratory, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Ellen Gurzenda
- Research and Academic Center, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Martin Chavez
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Iman Hanna
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Paola Aguiari
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nazeeh Hanna
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY.
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