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Walter DJ, Bigham GE, Lahti S, Haider SW. Shifting perspectives in coronary involvement of polyarteritis nodosa: case of 3-vessel occlusion treated with 4-vessel CABG and review of literature. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:190. [PMID: 38566019 PMCID: PMC10985918 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN) is a systemic vasculitis (SV) historically thought to spare the coronary arteries. Coronary angiography and contemporary imaging reveal coronary stenosis and dilation, which are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Coronary arteries in PAN are burdened with accelerated atherosclerosis from generalized inflammation adding to an inherent arteritic process. Traditional atherosclerotic risk factors fail to approximate risk. Few reports document coronary pathology and optimal therapy has been guarded. METHODS Database publication query of English literature from 1990-2022. RESULTS Severity of coronary involvement eludes laboratory monitoring, but coronary disease associates with several clinical symptoms. Framingham risk factors inadequately approximate disease burden. Separating atherosclerosis from arteritis requires advanced angiographic methods. Therapy includes anticoagulation, immunosuppression and revascularization. PCI has been the mainstay, though stenting is confounded by vagarious alteration in luminal diameter and reports of neointimization soon after placement. CONCLUSIONS When graft selection avoids the vascular territory of SV's, CABG offers definitive therapy. We have contributed report of a novel CABG configuration in addition to reviewing, updating and discussing the literature. Accumulating evidence suggests discrete clinical symptoms warrant suspicion for coronary involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Walter
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC, 20007, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, , USF Morsani College of Medicine, 2 Tampa General, Circle, STC 5Th Floor, Tampa, Fl, 33606, USA.
| | - Grace E Bigham
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC, 20007, USA
- Cardiovascular Diseases, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC, 20010, USA
| | - Steven Lahti
- Cardiovascular Diseases, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC, 20010, USA
| | - Syed W Haider
- Cardiovascular Diseases, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC, 20010, USA
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2
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Bello N, Galindo Zavala R, Leiva Gea I, Vera Casaño Á. Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa: it is not always erythema nodosum. An Pediatr (Barc) 2024; 100:e10-e12. [PMID: 38575476 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2024.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Bello
- Servicio de Reumatología Pediatrica, Hospital Materno-Infantil de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Rocio Galindo Zavala
- Servicio de Reumatología Pediatrica, Hospital Materno-Infantil de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Isabel Leiva Gea
- Serivicio de Endocrinología Pediatrica, Hospital Materno-Infantil de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ángel Vera Casaño
- Servicio de Dermatología Pediatrica, Hospital Materno-Infantil de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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3
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Oliveira D, Martins A, Martins F, Rato M, Pinheiro F, Fonseca D, Vaz C, Mariz E, Costa L. Wunderlich syndrome as a rare complication of polyarteritis nodosa: a case report. Reumatismo 2024; 76. [PMID: 38523579 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2024.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous subcapsular and perirenal hemorrhage, known as Wunderlich syndrome (WS), is a rare clinical manifestation of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). We report a case of a 48-year-old male with a history of recurrent episodes of leg muscle tenderness and dysesthesia, bilateral flank pain, painful nodular skin lesions in the lower limbs, weight loss, and difficult-to-control arterial hypertension. The abdominopelvic computed tomography angiography showed a large left perirenal hematoma, leading to the patient's admission to the intensive care unit. After the exclusion of infectious or neoplastic foci, the patient was diagnosed with PAN and started intravenous methylprednisolone pulses with a good response. Since WS is a rare initial clinical manifestation of PAN, an early diagnosis and aggressive treatment will significantly improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Oliveira
- Rheumatology Department, São João University Hospital Center, Porto; Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto.
| | - A Martins
- Rheumatology Department, São João University Hospital Center, Porto.
| | - F Martins
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Center of the Algarve, Faro.
| | - M Rato
- Rheumatology Department, São João University Hospital Center, Porto; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto.
| | - F Pinheiro
- Rheumatology Department, São João University Hospital Center, Porto.
| | - D Fonseca
- Rheumatology Department, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Center, Gaia.
| | - C Vaz
- Rheumatology Department, São João University Hospital Center, Porto; Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto.
| | - E Mariz
- Rheumatology Department, São João University Hospital Center, Porto; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto.
| | - L Costa
- Rheumatology Department, São João University Hospital Center, Porto.
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4
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Ichimata S, Hata Y, Yoshida K, Tanaka R, Nishida N. Sudden unexpected death of a young adult due to subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with polyarteritis nodosa: Clinicopathological appearance and literature review. Cardiovasc Pathol 2024; 69:107602. [PMID: 38072093 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2023.107602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A 28-year-old male was found dead in his bedroom. There were no anomalies in his birth and medical history, and there was no family history of sudden unexpected death (SUD). Autopsy showed subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with basilar top inflammatory pseudoaneurysm rupture accompanied by fibrinoid necrosis in the aneurysm wall. Active and healed arteritides in small- to medium-sized arteries were identified in the brain, heart, and systemic connective tissue, which was consistent with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). Furthermore, pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis was observed in the ascending colon. Hepatitis B virus infection and antineutrophil nuclear antibodies were negative. Genetic investigation using whole-exome sequencing showed no mutations among autoinflammatory-related genes, including UBA1, MEFV, and ADA2. SAH due to rupture of a pseudoaneurysm formed by PAN was considered as the cause of death in the present case. Although myocardial ischemia linked to coronary arteritis is a recognized trigger for SUD in PAN, our study showed that rupture of inflammatory pseudoaneurysm in the cerebral artery can also cause SUD in younger subjects with PAN, even if prodromal symptoms are not evident before death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shojiro Ichimata
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hata
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshida
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Department of Neurology, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishida
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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5
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Cao F, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Cao Y. Cutaneous nodular polyarteritis presenting as refractory ulcers on both lower extremities: A case report. Explore (NY) 2024; 20:264-269. [PMID: 37743154 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (cPAN) is a systemic disease that is limited to the skin. cPAN usually presents with cutaneous reticular cyanotic, erythematous and palpable nodules, and cutaneous ulcers.Research has indicated that the use of hormones and immunosuppressive drugs can delay ulcer healing and associated neuropathy, and also elevate the risk of disease recurrence upon their reduction or withdrawal. Therefore, it is a necessary to find a safe and effective approach that minimize hormone side effects in ulcer treatment. CASE PRESENTATION The patient, a 48-year-old female of Han Chinese ethnicity, has suffered from recurrent erythema nodosum on both lower limbs for 8 years. The condition was aggravated by skin breakdown over the last 3 months. Despite multiple treatments, the patient's condition did not improve significantly, leading to the exploration of a combined approach of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Following six months of combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment, t the patient's newborn erythema and ulcers on both lower limbs did not reappear, and the ulcers gradually decreased in size and the erythema disappeared. The patient took the TCM regularly until April 15, 2023, when the ulcers were completely healed. Three months after the patient stopped taking TCM, the ulcers had completely healed with no recurrence, as observed during the follow-up visit on July 14th, 2023. CONCLUSION Traditional Chinese Medicine Combined with Low-Dose Hormones May Effectively Treat Bilateral Lower Extremity Skin Ulcers Caused by Cutaneous Polyarteritis Nodosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongcheng Xu
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yemin Cao
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Huang YS, Wang H, Chang YC. Polyarteritis nodosa with bead-like coronary aneurysm in identical twins. QJM 2024; 117:143-144. [PMID: 37843445 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 XiaFei Road, XinYang Industrial Area, Haicang, Xiamen, 361028, People's Republic of China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Royal Integrative Medicine Hospital, No. 1, Wangfu street, Changping District, Beijing 102200, People's Republic of China
| | - Y C Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 XiaFei Road, XinYang Industrial Area, Haicang, Xiamen, 361028, People's Republic of China
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7
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Chen KR. Cutaneous vasculitis in autoinflammatory diseases. J Dermatol 2024; 51:150-159. [PMID: 37955334 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) characterized by recurrent episodes of localized or systemic inflammation are disorders of the innate immune system. Skin lesions are commonly found in AIDs and cutaneous vasculitis can coexist with AIDs and even present as the most striking feature. This review aims to focus on the frequent cutaneous vasculitis association in three monogenic AIDs including familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), deficiency of adenosine deaminase type 2 (DADA2), and the recently identified adult-onset VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome. Cutaneous vasculitis in FMF is characterized by: (1) small-vessel vasculitis similar to IgA vasculitis with palpable purpura but increased intussusception complication and less vascular IgA deposit, and (2) cutaneous arteritis-like vasculitis presenting as subcutaneous nodules most often with higher glomerular involvement. DADA2 has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from fatal systemic vasculitis with multiple strokes, especially in pediatric patients, to limited cutaneous disease in middle-aged patients. DADA2 shares similar clinical and histopathological features with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). As a result, DADA2 is commonly initially misdiagnosed as childhood PAN. Livedo racemosa reveals the most common cutaneous manifestation of cutaneous vasculitis in patients with DADA2. VEXAS syndrome is a life-threatening disease. A diagnosis of VEXAS syndrome should be strongly considered or could be made in patients with skin lesions characterized by Sweet syndrome-like eruption, livedo racemosa, concomitant relapsing polychondritis, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary involvement, and progressive hematologic abnormalities such as myelodysplastic syndrome with a unique finding of cytoplasmic vacuoles in myeloid and erythroid precursor cells from bone marrow aspirate smear. As skin involvement is common in AIDs and may present as the most frequent manifestation, especially in DADA2 (70% to 90%) and VEXAS syndrome (83% to 91%), dermatologists play a crucial role in contributing to the early diagnosis of these AIDs with early initiation of the appropriate therapy to avoid progressing fatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Ron Chen
- Meguro Chen Dermatology Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Kleinhapl J, Jud P. Digital gangrene in polyarteritis nodosa. Joint Bone Spine 2024; 91:105631. [PMID: 37678444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2023.105631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kleinhapl
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Jud
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
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9
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Parlar K, Tahir Turanli E, Nuhoglu Kantarci E, Hacioglu A, Kirectepe Aydin A, Ayla AY, Voyvoda U, Ozdogan H, Ugurlu S. A case with febrile attacks and vasculopathy associated with ADA2 and MEFV pathogenic variants. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep 2023; 8:121-124. [PMID: 37542433 DOI: 10.1093/mrcr/rxad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2), caused by recessive mutations in the adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) gene, results in cutaneous or systemic vasculitis with variable clinical manifestations. There is only one other case in literature carrying both ADA2 and MEFV gene pathogenic variants. Here we report the second case that carries both ADA2 and MEFV pathogenic variants, presenting with characteristic phenotypes of both familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and DADA2. A male patient, currently 29 years old, was initially diagnosed with FMF and developed livedo reticularis and nodular dermal lesions compatible with cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) a year after diagnosis. His family history revealed a brother 2 years older than himself who was diagnosed with PAN and died at age 22 because of gut perforation secondary to acute mesenteric ischaemia. ADA2 gene mutation analysis on chromosome 22q11.1 was positive, and the patient responded to colchicine and infliximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Parlar
- Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Tahir Turanli
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Nuhoglu Kantarci
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysa Hacioglu
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Asli Kirectepe Aydin
- Medical Faculty, Department of Biomedical Science, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Yagiz Ayla
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Voyvoda
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Department of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huri Ozdogan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdal Ugurlu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Berardi E, Antonica G, Procaccio A, Marziliano D, Susca N, Leone P, Sabbà C, Racanelli V, Prete M. Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa and pulmonary arterial hypertension: An unexpected liaison. A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36563. [PMID: 38115264 PMCID: PMC10727645 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (cPAN) is a form of medium-sized vessel necrotizing vasculitis. It is a rare, skin-limited variant of polyarteritis nodosa, characterized by dermal and subcutaneous tissue involvement. The most common findings in cPAN include digital gangrene, livedo reticularis, and tender subcutaneous nodules. However, while limited to the skin, cPAN results in significant morbidity and mortality due to the accompanying skin ischemia and necrosis, such that patients are vulnerable to superinfection. Here, we describe a unique presentation of cPAN associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). METHODS A 78-year-old female presented with digital ischemia and leg ulcers associated with PAH. Skin biopsy showed necrotizing fibrinoid necrosis of the small- and middle-sized vessels of the dermis. A diagnosis of cPAN and PAH was made. The patient was treated with glucocorticoids, vasodilators, and cyclophosphamide. RESULTS She died due to severe sepsis complications. CONCLUSION To date, this is the first case report describing the association between cPAN and PAH. In this case, PAH is a complication of the cutaneous vasculitides suggesting that vasculopathy could play a role in the pathophysiology of PAH. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms still have to be firmly established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Berardi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Antonica
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Annagrazia Procaccio
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Donatello Marziliano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Susca
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Leone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Centre for Medical Sciences, University of Trento and Internal Medicine Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Provincial Health Care Agency (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Marcella Prete
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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11
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Koshida Y, Yamane T. Polyarteritis Nodosa: Gangrene in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient. J Clin Rheumatol 2023; 29:e137-e138. [PMID: 37337335 PMCID: PMC10662570 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
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12
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Wolff L, Horisberger A, Moi L, Karampetsou MP, Comte D. Polyarteritis Nodosa: Old Disease, New Etiologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16668. [PMID: 38068989 PMCID: PMC10706353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), also known as panarteritis nodosa, represents a form of necrotizing vasculitis that predominantly affects medium-sized vessels, although it is not restricted to them and can also involve smaller vessels. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous and characterized by a significant number of patients exhibiting general symptoms, including asthenia, fever, and unintended weight loss. Although PAN can involve virtually any organ, it preferentially affects the skin, nervous system, and the gastrointestinal tract. Orchitis is a rare but specific manifestation of PAN. The absence of granulomas, glomerulonephritis, and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies serves to distinguish PAN from other types of vasculitis. Major complications consist of hemorrhagic and thrombotic events occurring in mesenteric, cardiac, cerebral, and renal systems. Historically, PAN was frequently linked to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, but this association has dramatically changed in recent years due to declining HBV prevalence. Current epidemiological research often identifies a connection between PAN and genetic syndromes as well as neoplasia. This article provides a comprehensive review of PAN, specifically focusing on the progression of its clinical manifestations over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Wolff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Alice Horisberger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Moi
- Immunology and Allergology, Institut Central des Hôpitaux, Valais Hospital, 1951 Sion, Switzerland;
| | | | - Denis Comte
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Grim A, Veiga KR, Saad N. Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2023; 49:773-787. [PMID: 37821195 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a monogenic vasculitis syndrome caused by biallelic mutations in the adenosine deaminase 2 gene. The diagnosis of DADA2 is confirmed by decreased enzymatic activity of ADA2 and genetic testing. Symptoms range from cutaneous vasculitis and polyarteritis nodosa-like lesions to stroke. The vasculopathy of DADA2 can affect many organ systems, including the gastrointestinal and renal systems. Hematologic manifestations occur early with hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphopenia, pure red cell aplasia, or pancytopenia. Treatment can be challenging. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors are helpful to control inflammatory symptoms. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant may be needed to treat refractory cytopenias, vasculopathy, or immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Grim
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Keila R Veiga
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College/Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, 100 Woods Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Nadine Saad
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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14
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Wu R, Hu J, Hai H, Zhu J. Bleeding polyarteritis nodosa. Int J Rheum Dis 2023; 26:2326-2327. [PMID: 37540086 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiarui Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Huanyue Hai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
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15
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Rose K, Turner JE, Iking-Konert C. [Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV)]. Z Rheumatol 2023; 82:587-598. [PMID: 37266676 PMCID: PMC10236391 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-023-01355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
IgA vasculitis (IgAV) is an immune complex-mediated vasculitis characterized by IgA1-dominant immune deposits in small vessels. It is the most common systemic vasculitis in childhood with a mostly uncomplicated and self-limiting course. Adults are less affected but the course is frequently more complicated and more frequently accompanied by renal involvement. IgAV characteristically manifests itself on the skin with palpable purpura and in joints, the kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract. In cases of incomplete or atypical symptoms a differential diagnostic work-up is required. A number of triggers have been suggested, especially infections and drugs. Disease management is tailored to organ manifestations and the severity of the symptoms. For children, optimized supportive care and targeted symptom relief are usually sufficient. Management of renal and gastrointestinal manifestations follows recommendations for ANCA-associated vasculitis and IgA nephropathy. Treatment options include glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents with varying and mostly insufficient evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Rose
- Abteilung für Rheumatologie, Stadtspital Zürich, Birmensdorferstr. 497, 8063, Zürich, Schweiz.
| | - Jan-Eric Turner
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Christof Iking-Konert
- Abteilung für Rheumatologie, Stadtspital Zürich, Birmensdorferstr. 497, 8063, Zürich, Schweiz
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16
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Wang CR, Liu WC, Wu IC. Superior mesenteric artery vasculitis with catastrophic gastrointestinal bleeding in polyarteritis nodosa. J Formos Med Assoc 2023; 122:963-964. [PMID: 36990859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chrong-Reen Wang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Chen Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Chin Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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17
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Han IJ, Jeong CH, Choi H. Polyarteritis nodosa initially presenting as concomitant peripheral neuropathy and myositis in unilateral limb: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34335. [PMID: 37478214 PMCID: PMC10662885 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE We report the case of a patient who initially presented with peripheral neuropathy and myositis without typical organ involvement, such as the kidneys, skin, or gastrointestinal system, but was ultimately diagnosed with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). PATIENT CONCERNS A 62-year-old man presented with radicular pain in his right lower extremity. One week later, he complained of right ankle motor weakness and pain in the right posterior thigh, which led to admission. After 6 weeks of hospitalization, he newly experienced pain in his right testicle and anterior thigh. DIAGNOSIS The patient was initially diagnosed with polymyositis combined with sciatic neuropathy using magnetic resonance imaging, electrodiagnostic tests, and muscle biopsy. However, with the emergence of other systemic symptoms such as testicular pain, vasculitis was suspected, and the patient was reclassified as PAN using the 2007 European Medicines Agency algorithm and the American College of Rheumatology criteria. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with glucocorticoids for more than 6 months, and antiviral medication was prescribed to prevent hepatitis B virus reactivation. OUTCOMES The patient's radicular pain and pain in the right anterior and posterior thighs and testicle improved, and there were no signs of recurrence. LESSONS In patients presenting with radicular and focal muscle pain, it is crucial to consider the potential for PAN, as observed in this case report.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Jun Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoseon Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Mansur M, Da ZY, Guo JT, Wu LJ, Zhao Y. [Recommendations of diagnosis and treatment of polyarteritis nodosa]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2022; 61:749-755. [PMID: 35764557 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20211201-00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare vasculitis that mainly involves small and medium arteries. It often occurs at the points where the vessels bifurcate, leading to microaneurysm formation, thrombosis, aneurysm rupture and bleeding, and infarction of organs.About a third of cases are associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.All tissues and organs of the body can be affected, with skin, joints and peripheral nerves being the most common.The pathological changes were fibrinoid necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and luminal thrombosis in the acute stage, and fibrous hyperplasia in the chronic stage.Overall outcomes for the disease have improved in recent decades, mainly reflecting early diagnosis and more effective treatments.The main treatments for PAN are glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide.Patients with HBV-associated PAN should receive antiviral therapy and plasma exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihray Mansur
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Urumuqi 830001, China
| | - Z Y Da
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 220001, China
| | - J T Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - L J Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Urumuqi 830001, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100730, China
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19
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Waisayarat J, Niyasom C, Vilaiyuk S, Molagool S. Polyarteritis Nodosa with Cytomegalovirus Enteritis and Jejunoileal Perforation: Report of a Case with a Literature Review. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2022; 18:595-601. [PMID: 35924006 PMCID: PMC9342704 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s354548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare systemic necrotizing vasculitis affecting small- to medium-sized arteries. The most common gastrointestinal manifestation of PAN is postprandial abdominal pain from mesenteric arteritis causing bowel ischemia. When transmural ischemia develops, there may be ischemic necrosis and perforation of the bowel wall, which are life-threatening. Severe, life-threatening gastrointestinal involvement is relatively rare in pediatric PAN and may require different management in adult patients. We report a pediatric PAN case in a patient who presented with acute abdominal pain and superimposed cytomegalovirus enteritis with jejunoileal perforation. The patient improved with emergency small intestinal resection followed by conventional immunosuppressive drugs of a corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide, and anti-viral drugs. Before increasing the immunosuppressive drug dosage, initial screening of infectious cytomegalovirus and comprehensive evaluation for surgical conditions are essential in pediatric PAN with severe gastrointestinal involvement. Early aggressive treatment for acute abdomen is useful in reducing morbidity and mortality in pediatric PAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jariya Waisayarat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Correspondence: Jariya Waisayarat, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Rajathevee, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand, Tel +66 2 201 1432, Fax +66 2 354 7266, Email
| | - Chayakamon Niyasom
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soamarat Vilaiyuk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sani Molagool
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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20
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Kim JW, Mills B, Rashid H, Solow EB. Polyarteritis Nodosa and Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis Presenting as Distal Extremity Muscular Edema and Pain. J Clin Rheumatol 2021; 27:S775-S776. [PMID: 32658049 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan Kim
- From the Division of Rheumatic Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Brooke Mills
- From the Division of Rheumatic Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Hani Rashid
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ
| | - E Blair Solow
- From the Division of Rheumatic Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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21
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Patil R, Stoll ML, Mroczek-Musulman E, Noel G. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency in an Infant With Polyarteritis Nodosa. J Clin Rheumatol 2021; 27:S443-S446. [PMID: 32251054 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Abon JCR, Lopez MPJ, Berberabe A, Cinco KJ. Pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm associated with polyarteritis nodosa presenting as massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e247359. [PMID: 34799396 PMCID: PMC8606768 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-247359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreaticoduodenal arteries are rare sites for true aneurysm formation, but these may develop in association with occlusion of the coeliac circulation, degenerative conditions or inflammatory vascular disorders. These have a high risk of rupture regardless of size or other factors. One identified cause is polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), which is an autoimmune necrotising vascular condition that affects small-sized and medium-sized arteries. We report a case of a 40-year-old man with massive gastrointestinal tract bleeding from a ruptured pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm secondary to PAN. This was managed with emergent open aneurysm ligation followed by high-dose corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide pulse therapy. Only three other cases of PAN-associated pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms have been reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Paul Jose Lopez
- Department of Surgery, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - A'Ericson Berberabe
- Department of Surgery, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Kenan Jared Cinco
- Department of Surgery, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
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23
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Dion J, Maisonobe T, Nochy D, Le Jeunne C, Regent A. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Associated With Polyarteritis Nodosa-Like Muscular Vasculitis. J Clin Rheumatol 2021; 27:e256-e257. [PMID: 32345843 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Dion
- From the Service de Médicine Interne, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares d'ile de France, Hôpital Cochin, APHP
| | - Thierry Maisonobe
- Département de Neurophysiologie et de Neuropathologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP
| | - Dominique Nochy
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Européen George-Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Claire Le Jeunne
- From the Service de Médicine Interne, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares d'ile de France, Hôpital Cochin, APHP
| | - Alexis Regent
- From the Service de Médicine Interne, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares d'ile de France, Hôpital Cochin, APHP
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24
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Tsukui D, Kono H. Multiple Renal Microaneurysms in Polyarteritis Nodosa. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:2277-2278. [PMID: 34353474 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tsukui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Kono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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25
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Alkilany R, Hanson JA, Rolle NA, Fields RA, Sibbitt WL. Acute Surgical Abdomen Due to Sporadic Polyarteritis Nodosa. J Clin Rheumatol 2021; 27:e138-e140. [PMID: 30142116 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000000891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Ahn SS, Han M, Yoo J, Park YB, Jung I, Lee SW. Risk of Stroke in Systemic Necrotizing Vasculitis: A Nationwide Study Using the National Claims Database. Front Immunol 2021; 12:629902. [PMID: 33868249 PMCID: PMC8046646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.629902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Evidences indicate that the risk of stroke is increased in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of stroke in patients with systemic necrotizing vasculitis (SNV) using the national health database. Methods Data were obtained from the Korean National Claims database between 2010 and 2018 to identify incident SNV [anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) and polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)] cases. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and incidence rate ratio (IRR) were calculated to estimate the risk of stroke in patients with SNV compared to the general population and among disease subgroups. Time-dependent Cox's regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for stroke. Results Among 2644 incident SNV cases, 159 patients (6.0%) were affected by stroke. The overall risk of stroke was significantly higher in patients with SNV compared to the general population (SIR 8.42). Stroke event rates were the highest within the first year of SNV diagnosis (67.3%). Among disease subgroups, patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) exhibited higher IRR compared to PAN (adjusted IRR 1.98). In Cox's hazard analysis, older age and MPA were associated with higher risk of stroke [hazard ratio (HR) 1.05 and 1.88], whereas the administration of cyclophosphamide, azathioprine/mizoribine, methotrexate, and statins were protective in stroke (HR 0.26, 0.34, 0.49, and 0.50, respectively). Conclusion A considerable number of SNV patients experienced stroke, especially in the early phase of disease. Older age and MPA diagnosis were associated with elevated risk of stroke, while the administration of immunosuppressive agents and statins was beneficial in preventing stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Soo Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Minkyung Han
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inkyung Jung
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a necrotising systemic vasculitis involving medium-sized and small-sized vessels. PAN limited to a single organ is rare, particularly in the elderly population. Herein, we present a 73-year-old-woman who developed severe abdominal pain. Mesenteric angiography showed multifocal areas of segmental dilation and narrowing of the superior mesenteric, ileocolic and right colonic arteries. Exploratory laparotomy revealed multiple areas of necrosis of the jejunum for which resection was performed. Histopathological exam disclosed mesenteric vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis of the arterial wall with leucocytic infiltrates and haemorrhages consistent with PAN. She was started on high-dose corticosteroids with an initial good response. However, 6 months later, she developed intestinal pseudo-obstruction for which oral cyclophosphamide was started. After 5 months of cyclophosphamide therapy, she remained stable without further relapses. Our case suggests that PAN should be considered in elderly patients presenting with abdominal pain even in the absence of systemic involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana González-Meléndez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Eduardo J Medina-Parrilla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Román Vélez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Luis M Vilá
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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28
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Doher M, Cardin NB, de Souza AWS, Kirsztajn GM. Polyarteritis Nodosa and Membranous Glomerulonephritis: Two Simultaneous Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis B. J Clin Rheumatol 2021; 27:e45-e47. [PMID: 29965852 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Yanarateş A, Budak E. Disseminated Tuberculosis and Saccular Aneurysm Findings on FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Polyarteritis Nodosa. J Clin Rheumatol 2021; 27:e67-e68. [PMID: 31764382 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yanarateş
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Izmir Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
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30
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Horino T, Ichii O, Matsumoto T, Terada Y. Group A Streptococcus Infection-Induced Polyarteritis Nodosa in an Adult Patient Complicated With Diffuse Fasciitis. J Clin Rheumatol 2020; 26:S579-S580. [PMID: 31693651 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Udomkarnjananun S, Puapatanakul P, Praditpornsilpa K. Relapsing polychondritis associated with pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis. Lancet 2020; 396:e63. [PMID: 33543713 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suwasin Udomkarnjananun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Pongpratch Puapatanakul
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kearkiat Praditpornsilpa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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32
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Jeong JY, Park JY, Ham JY, Kwon KT, Han S. Molecular evidence of parvovirus B19 in the cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa tissue from a patient with parvovirus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome: Case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22079. [PMID: 32899080 PMCID: PMC7478508 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Parvovirus B19 has been linked to polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), but there is some controversy about its pathogenesis regarding whether it is triggered by the immune complex or by the activated immune cells that phagocytose viruses. PATIENT CONCERNS A 38-year-old woman was admitted with fever and bicytopenia. She also complained of a painful palpable nodule in the left forearm. DIAGNOSIS Her bone marrow aspirate revealed erythroblasts in abnormal megaloblastic changes, some of which presented with pseudopods, and parvovirus B19 was positive in a PCR analysis of her blood, which was compatible with parvovirus B19-induced hemophagocytic syndrome. Skin excisional biopsy of the nodule on the left forearm revealed a heavy inflammatory cell infiltrate throughout whole layers of a medium-sized vessel, the characteristic feature of PAN. PCR analysis of the vasculitis tissue showed a positive result for parvovirus B19. INTERVENTIONS Her symptoms spontaneously resolved with supportive care. OUTCOMES She underwent regular follow-up without recurrence of vasculitis-associated symptoms. LESSONS This case highlights the presence of parvovirus B19 DNA in vasculitis tissues, which can support the role of cellular immune response in the pathogenesis of parvovirus-associated PAN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ki Tae Kwon
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Han
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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33
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Garg R, Joe D, Abbott JD. A Case of Acute Thrombotic Myocardial Infarction in Polyarteritis Nodosa. R I Med J (2013) 2020; 103:65-67. [PMID: 32872694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This is a case of a 33-year-old male with acute myocardial infarction from complete thrombotic occlusion of the distal left anterior descending and 1st obtuse marginal artery secondary to polyarteritis nodosa. This case highlights the treatment course and need for continued awareness of vasculitis as a cause for myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimmy Garg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Deanna Joe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - J Dawn Abbott
- Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
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34
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim M Saeed
- Saint Luke's Cardiovascular Consultants, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Harshal Patil
- Saint Luke's Cardiovascular Consultants, Kansas City, Missouri
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35
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Velasco N, Karki S, Tenreiro OR. Successful treatments of polyarteritis nodosa cerebral vasculitis and recurrent Elizabethkingiameningoseptica septicaemia in a dialysis patient. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/11/e231478. [PMID: 31780617 PMCID: PMC6887464 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of cerebral vasculitis in a 31-year-old woman who presented with chronic kidney disease stage 5, labile hypertension and severe headaches. The diagnosis of cerebral vasculitis made on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and late diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa were made by conventional CT angiography. Immunosuppression was complicated by recurrent septicaemia due to Elizabethkingia meningoseptica. Treatment of the vasculitis resulted in marked improvement of MRA appearances, headaches and anxiety and stabilisation of blood pressure. The septicaemia required parenteral quinolone treatment and oral cotrimoxazole.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sital Karki
- Department of Renal Medicine, Treetop Hospital, Hulhumale, Maldives
| | - Oscar Rafael Tenreiro
- Renal Medicine, Treetop Hospital, Hulhumale, Maldives
- Department of Radiology, Treetop Hospital, Hulhumale, Republic of Maldives
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Oiwa H, Taniguchi K, Miyoshi N, Sasaki K, Ichimura K, Kubota T, Sato D. Polyarteritis Nodosa with Marked Eosinophilia, Associated with Severe Gastrointestinal Tract Involvement and Recurrent Venous Thrombosis. Intern Med 2019; 58:3051-3055. [PMID: 31243218 PMCID: PMC6859400 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2802-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 45-year-old man was admitted with acute abdominal pain and eosinophilia. Abdominal computed tomography revealed thickness of the ascending and transverse colon with decreased contrast enhancement and a small amount of ascites. In an emergency operation, the necrotic colon was resected. Histopathology showed subserous medium-sized arteritis with abundant eosinophil infiltrates and thrombosis in the portal vein branches. He was diagnosed with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), and immunosuppressive therapy improved his condition. Two years later, the disease recurred with ischemic cutaneous lesions and marked eosinophilia. Our experience suggests that marked eosinophilia in PAN may imply severe organ involvement, including gastrointestinal necrosis, as well as the association of venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Oiwa
- Department of Rheumatology, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Japan
| | - Kohei Taniguchi
- Department of Pathology, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medical, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Natsuki Miyoshi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Japan
| | - Keiko Sasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Japan
| | - Kouichi Ichimura
- Department of Pathology, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Kubota
- Department of Surgery, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Department of Surgery, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Japan
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Calvo R, Negri M, Ortiz A, Roverano S, Paira S. Myositis as the initial presentation of panarteritis nodosa. Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed) 2019; 15:e24-e26. [PMID: 28755909 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A 47-year-old man presented with weight loss, bilateral calf pain, fever, hypertension, orchitis and oligoarthritis. Lab tests: anemia and elevated muscle enzymes. Resonance magnetic imaging: hyperintensity in gastrocnemius muscles (myositis). Histologic exam of the muscles: inflammatory infiltrate with atrophy and perifascicular regeneration. Treatment: methylprednisone (bolus) and cyclophosphamide. Muscle pain and swelling and difficulty in walking are common in panarteritis nodosa (PAN), whereas histologically demonstrated myositis is not. Even more rare is myositis as the initial presentation of this vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Calvo
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital J.M. Cullen, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Melina Negri
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital J.M. Cullen, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital J.M. Cullen, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Susana Roverano
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital J.M. Cullen, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sergio Paira
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital J.M. Cullen, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Rodríguez-González F, Reyes-Rodríguez M, Francisco-Hernández F, García-García Ú, Martínez-Quintana E. Papillophlebitis as manifestation of polyarteritis nodosa. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2019; 94:300-303. [PMID: 30733066 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A 35 year-old-man diagnosed with polyarteritis nodosa developed papillophlebitis on his left eye. Throughout the evolution of the disease, he had a macular oedema treated with intravitreal injections of aflibercept, with adequate recovery of visual acuity. He also had episcleritis on the other eye. Papillophlebitis is a non-ischaemic central retinal vein occlusion of inflammatory cause. Polyarteritis nodosa is a systemic necrotising vasculitis characterised by lesions of small and medium sized arteries. Ocular involvement occurs in 10-20% of patients, and typically affects the choroidal arteries. Only arteries are usually affected, but in very rare cases adjacent veins may be involved due to the adjacent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rodríguez-González
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, España.
| | - M Reyes-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, España
| | - F Francisco-Hernández
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, España
| | - Ú García-García
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, España
| | - E Martínez-Quintana
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, España
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Horii S, Iwanishi T, Kishimoto N, Kobayashi M, Ono Y. [A Case of Polyarteritis Nodosa Diagnosed from Pathological Findings of Refractory Epididymitis]. Hinyokika Kiyo 2018; 64:515-518. [PMID: 30831669 DOI: 10.14989/actauroljap_64_12_515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A 54-year-old man was admitted to internal medicine due to unidentified fever persisting for 3 months, and was examined. Then, he was referred to our department for suspected pyelonephritis. Although he was initially being treated for pyelonephritis, right epididymitis occurred during the course of treatment. Antibiotics were ineffective, and symptoms such as weakness and subctaneous nodules also appeared. We performed epididymectomy to differentiate this intractable epididymitis from other systemic diseases. Pathological findings were fibrinoid necrotic vasculitis of middle and small arteries. Of the diagnostic criteria for polyarteritis nodosa, 4 major symptoms and histological findings were satisfied. After we started oral administration of predonin, the fever went down and the creative protein level decreased immediatately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Horii
- The Department of Urology, Higashiosaka City Medical Center
| | | | | | | | - Yutaka Ono
- The Department of Urology, Higashiosaka City Medical Center
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Affiliation(s)
- Chana A Sacks
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.A.S.), the Departments of Medicine (C.A.S., Z.S.W.), Radiology (A.K.), and Pathology (K.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (C.A.S., Z.S.W.), Radiology (A.K.), and Pathology (K.G.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston
| | - Aoife Kilcoyne
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.A.S.), the Departments of Medicine (C.A.S., Z.S.W.), Radiology (A.K.), and Pathology (K.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (C.A.S., Z.S.W.), Radiology (A.K.), and Pathology (K.G.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston
| | - Zachary S Wallace
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.A.S.), the Departments of Medicine (C.A.S., Z.S.W.), Radiology (A.K.), and Pathology (K.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (C.A.S., Z.S.W.), Radiology (A.K.), and Pathology (K.G.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston
| | - Krzysztof Glomski
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.A.S.), the Departments of Medicine (C.A.S., Z.S.W.), Radiology (A.K.), and Pathology (K.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (C.A.S., Z.S.W.), Radiology (A.K.), and Pathology (K.G.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston
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Salgado-Lopez L, de Quintana-Schmidt C, Catala-Antunez I, Aibar-Duran J, San Roman-Manzanera L, Molet-Teixido J. [Non-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage secondary to panarteritis nodosa at paediatric age: a case report]. Rev Neurol 2018; 66:340-343. [PMID: 29749594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polyarteritis nodosa is a necrotizing vasculitis that mainly affects small and medium-sized arteries in skin and internal organs. Neurological involvement is reported in around 25% of cases: ischemic stroke is relatively common, but haemorrhagic lesions are extremely rare. Subarachnoid haemorrhage in polyarteritis nodosa is an uncommon expression of this disease, mostly associated with aneurism rupture. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there is just one published case in pediatric age with polyarteritis nodosa and subarachnoid haemorrhage with no underlying aneurismal disease. CASE REPORT A 7-year-old girl, who presented a non-aneurismal subarachnoid haemorrhage with intraparenchymal extension in the left basal ganglia. She was previously diagnosed with polyarteritis nodosa and prothrombotic condition, being under immunosuppressive and anti-platelet treatment at that moment. CONCLUSIONS The clinical features of polyarteritis nodosa together with continued anti-platelet therapy to prevent thromboembolic disease in this patient could have predisposed to the haemorrhagic event in the process of cerebral vasculitis. Standard subarachnoid haemorrhage management is initially required in such cases as cerebral aneurysms are the most common cause of haemorrhage in the context of polyarteritis nodosa disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Salgado-Lopez
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Espana
| | | | | | - J Aibar-Duran
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Espana
| | | | - J Molet-Teixido
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Espana
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Affiliation(s)
- C Smith
- Department of Rheumatology, King's College Hospital, London
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Caudrelier L, Pugnet G, Astudillo L, Delbrel X, Bura Riviere A, Sailler L. Catastrophic multiple arterial dissections revealing concomitant polyarteritis nodosa and vascular Elhers-Danlos syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2018; 36 Suppl 111:174-175. [PMID: 29745881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE To describe ocular manifestations in patients with microscopic polyangiitis. METHODS Two patients with microscopic polyangiitis complained of ocular symptoms and underwent ophthalmologic examinations. RESULTS An 83-year-old woman (Case 1) was diagnosed with microscopic polyangiitis, according to the general clinical findings and the presence of perinuclear pattern of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (P-ANCA). She had hypopyon iridocyclitis in the right eye and retinal cotton-wool spots in the left eye. The patient was treated with oral prednisolone and subconjunctival betamethasone. The hypopyon iridocyclitis and retinal cotton-wool spots responded. A 79-year-old man (Case 2) had bilateral scleritis. The diagnosis of microscopic polyangiitis was made based on general clinical findings and the presence of P-ANCA. Scleritis was reduced after corticosteroid treatment. CONCLUSIONS Ophthalmologists should be aware that hypopyon iridocyclitis, cotton-wool spot, and scleritis could occur in patients with microscopic polyangiitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama - Japan.
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Iida H, Hanaoka H, Asari Y, Ishimori K, Kiyokawa T, Takakuwa Y, Yamasaki Y, Yamada H, Okazaki T, Doi M, Ozaki S. Rhabdomyolysis in a Patient with Polyarteritis Nodosa. Intern Med 2018; 57:101-106. [PMID: 29021478 PMCID: PMC5799066 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8913-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a medium vessel vasculitis affecting systemic organs. Muscle involvement of PAN usually lacks elevation of creatinine kinase (CK). We herein report a case of PAN with rhabdomyolysis. A 71-year-old man was hospitalized because of muscle weakness of the lower limbs that persisted for 1 month. On a physical examination, rapidly progressive lower proximal muscle weakness and bilateral drop foot were observed. His blood test showed an elevation in the C-reactive protein (19.5 mg/dL) and CK (13,435 IU/L) levels and negativity for anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody. Computed tomographic angiography showed stenosis of the left renal artery. Electromyogram indicated mono-neuritis multiplex pattern, and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated discretely granular hyperintensities on T2 and slow tau inversion recovery in his femoral muscles. A femoral muscle-biopsy specimen showed fibrinoid necrosis of medium-sized vessels and disruption of the elastic lamina of the vessel wall in fascia. Furthermore, muscle necrosis was localized depending on the arterial distribution, suggesting ischemic changes in the muscles. Given these findings, he was diagnosed with PAN with rhabdomyolysis and treated with methyl-prednisolone pulse therapy followed by oral prednisolone at 50 mg/day. He was additionally treated with monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide at 500 mg. Sustained remission has been obtained for two months since the treatment. Although rhabdomyolysis rarely manifests with PAN, it should be included in a differential diagnosis of febrile patients presenting with acute myalgia and weakness with CK elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harunobu Iida
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hironari Hanaoka
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yusa Asari
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kana Ishimori
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Kiyokawa
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yukiko Takakuwa
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshioki Yamasaki
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Yamada
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okazaki
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masatomo Doi
- Division of Pathology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shoichi Ozaki
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- T Richards
- Department of Surgery, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, UK.
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Xie
- Dermatology department, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Daniel Creamer
- Dermatology department, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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