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Gniech T, Humboldt A, Keith KA, James SH, Richert C. A ProTide of AZT Shows Activity Against Human Papillomaviruses. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300661. [PMID: 38241205 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Infection by human papillomaviruses (HPV) can cause warts and tumors. So far, no small molecule antiviral has been approved for the treatment of infections with this DNA virus, although preclinical studies show activity for nucleosidic compounds, such as 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxy)ethylguanine (PMEG) or cidofovir. This prompted us to test new prodrug versions of the nucleoside analog 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT), known to be active against reverse transcriptases and approved for the treatment of HIV. Here we report the synthesis of an ethylbutyl alaninyl ester phosphosphoramidate prodrug of AZT, dubbed AZAEB, and its activity against HPV, a target not known to be sensitive to AZT. A methyl ester derivative was found to be inactive against this and three other DNA viruses, while the phosphoramidate prodrug AZAEB showed a modest inhibitory effect against HPV types 6, 11, 18 and 31. Our results open up new avenues of study for the treatment of diseases caused by members of the papillomaviridae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gniech
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Adrian Humboldt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kathy A Keith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Scott H James
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Clemens Richert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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Kuriki Y, Sogawa M, Komatsu T, Kawatani M, Fujioka H, Fujita K, Ueno T, Hanaoka K, Kojima R, Hino R, Ueo H, Ueo H, Kamiya M, Urano Y. Modular Design Platform for Activatable Fluorescence Probes Targeting Carboxypeptidases Based on ProTide Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:521-531. [PMID: 38110248 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Carboxypeptidases (CPs) are a family of hydrolases that cleave one or more amino acids from the C-terminal of peptides or proteins and play indispensable roles in various physiological and pathological processes. However, only a few highly activatable fluorescence probes for CPs have been reported, and there is a need for a flexibly tunable molecular design platform to afford a range of fluorescence probes for CPs for biological and medical research. Here, we focused on the unique activation mechanism of ProTide-based prodrugs and established a modular design platform for CP-targeting florescence probes based on ProTide chemistry. In this design, probe properties such as fluorescence emission wavelength, reactivity/stability, and target CP can be readily tuned and optimized by changing the four probe modules: the fluorophore, the substituent on the phosphorus atom, the linker amino acid at the P1 position, and the substrate amino acid at the P1' position. In particular, switching the linker amino acid at position P1 enabled us to precisely optimize the reactivity for target CPs. As a proof-of-concept, we constructed probes for carboxypeptidase M (CPM) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (also known as glutamate carboxypeptidase II). The developed probes were applicable for the imaging of CP activities in live cells and in clinical specimens from patients. This design strategy should be useful in studying CP-related biological and pathological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Kuriki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mari Sogawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toru Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Minoru Kawatani
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuda-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Fujioka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuda-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kyohhei Fujita
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tasuku Ueno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kojima
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Rumi Hino
- Department of Sports and Health Science, Daito Bunka University, 560 Iwadono, Higashimatsuyama, Saitama 355-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ueo
- Ueo Breast Cancer Hospital, 1-3-5 Futamatacho, Oita, Oita 870-0887, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ueo
- Ueo Breast Cancer Hospital, 1-3-5 Futamatacho, Oita, Oita 870-0887, Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuda-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
- Living Systems Materialogy (LiSM) Research Group, International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuda-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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