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Mumtaz S, Ali S, Pervaiz A, Awan UA, Nauroze T, Kanwal L, Summer M, Mumtaz S, Mughal TA, Tahir HM. Toxicological effects of dimethlybenzeneanthracene in Balb C mice and pharmacological intervention by silk sericin-conjugated silver nanoparticles. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504231221670. [PMID: 38232951 PMCID: PMC10798092 DOI: 10.1177/00368504231221670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as 7, 12-dimethylbenzneanthracene (DMBA), due to long-term bioaccumulation cause serious physiological processes and behavioral dysfunctions such as cancer, ageing, and hypertension. Silk sericin (SS) is instrumental in cancer applications due to presence of flavonoids and carotenoids which are natural pigments, present in the layer of sericin that has antioxidant and antityrosinase activity. It reduces oxidative stress and suppresses cancer cytokines while interacting with reactive oxygen species (ROS) to stand against lipid peroxidation. Recent research was focused to calculate the pharmacological intervention of sericin-conjugated silver nanoparticles (S-AgNO3 NPs) against DMBA-induced toxicity. For this purpose, SS protein was extracted from silkworm cocoons by degumming process and the prepared S-AgNO3 NPs via a green synthesis. In female albino mice, a total of 50 mg/kg oral administration of DMBA was used for the induction of toxicity which required almost 8 to 10 weeks approximately. After 60 days of experimentation, mice were dissected, blood samples were collected for further hematological and biochemical analysis and were euthanized via cervical dislocation. There was a significant rise in the level of red blood cells, platelets, lymphocytes, and hemoglobin at the highest applied concentration of sericin and its nanoparticles. Similarly, a reasonable decline was observed in the level of white blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes as compared to the cancer-inducing group. The level of glutathione, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase as well as immunoglobulins such as immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were significantly reduced in all treatment groups as compared to the DMBA-induced group. Substantial effects were demonstrated in response to S-AgNO3 NPs II (T) at the highest concentrations (200 mg/kg, BW) as follows: glutathione (2.42 ± 0.26 μmol/L), lactate dehydrogenase (493.6 ± 5.78 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (158.4 ± 6.35 U/L), IgA (4.22 ± 0.19 g/L), IgG (70 ± 1.70 g/L), and IgM (4.76 ± 0.12). The histopathological study of the liver, kidneys, and brain revealed that the DMBA-induced group showed cytotoxic effects against all selected organs of mice that were recovered by treatment of selective compounds but highly effective recovery was seen in S-AgNO3 NPs II (T). These results concluded that silk S-AgNO3 NPs showed significant pharmacological potential against cancer-inducing toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaira Mumtaz
- Medical Toxicology and Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Medical Toxicology and Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asim Pervaiz
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Azeem Awan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Tooba Nauroze
- Medical Toxicology and Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Lubna Kanwal
- Medical Toxicology and Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Summer
- Medical Toxicology and Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Mumtaz
- Medical Toxicology and Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | | | - Hafiz Muhammad Tahir
- Medical Toxicology and Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Xu S, Tan H, Yang Q, Wang R, Tian C, Ji Y, Zhao P, Xia Q, Wang F. Fabrication of a Silk Sericin Hydrogel System Delivering Human Lactoferrin Using Genetically Engineered Silk with Improved Bioavailability to Alleviate Chemotherapy-Induced Immunosuppression. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:45175-45190. [PMID: 34525798 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the main treatments for cancer; however, it usually causes severe atrophy of immune organs and self-immunity damage to patients. Human lactoferrin (hLF) is a multiple biofunctional protein in regulating the immune response and thus holds great promise to alleviate chemotherapy-caused immunosuppression. However, a sufficient hLF resource and efficient delivery of hLF remain a challenge. Here, we provide a useful strategy to simultaneously solve these two problems. A silk sericin hydrogel system delivering recombinant hLF (SSH-rhLF) was fabricated to alleviate the chemotherapeutic drug-caused side effects by rhLF-carrying silk cocoons, which were cost-effectively produced by a transgenic silkworm strain as the resource. SSH-rhLF with a uniform porous microstructural morphology, a dominant β-sheet internal structure, adjustable concentration and sustainable release of the rhLF, and non-cytotoxicity properties was demonstrated. Interestingly, the sericin hydrogel showed effective protection of the rhLF from degradation in the stomach and small intestine, thus prolonging the bioactivity and bioavailability of rhLF. As a result, the oral administration of SSH-rhLF with a low rhLF dose showed significant therapeutic effects on enhancing the immune organs of cyclophosphamide (CTX)-treated mice by protecting the splenic follicles, promoting the expression of immunoregulatory factors, and recovering the intestinal flora family from CTX-induced imbalance, which were similar to those achieved by oral administration of a high dose of free hLF in the solution form. The results suggest that the strategy of producing rhLF silk cocoons via feeding transgenic silkworms overcomes well the shortage of rhLF resources, improves the bioavailability of oral rhLF, and alleviates the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on immune organs. The oral SSH-rhLF will be promising for applications in cancer chemotherapy and immunity enhancement of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xu
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Riyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Chi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yanting Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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