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Khan IU, Zhang YF, Shi XN, Qi SS, Zhang HY, Du DL, Gul F, Wang JH, Naz M, Shah SWA, Jia H, Li J, Dai ZC. Dose dependent effect of nitrogen on the phyto extractability of Cd in metal contaminated soil using Wedelia trilobata. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 264:115419. [PMID: 37651793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the toxic heavy metal that negatively affect plant growth and compromise food safety for human consumption. Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. It may enhance Cd tolerance of invasive plant species by maintaining biochemical and physiological characteristics during phytoextraction of Cd. A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the phenotypical and physiological responses of invasive W. trilobata and native W. chinensis under low Cd (10 µM) and high Cd (80 µM) stress, along with different N levels (i.e., normal 91.05 mg kg-1 and low 0.9105 mg kg-1). Under low-N and Cd stress, the growth of leaves, stem and roots in W. trilobata was significantly increased by 35-23%, 25-28%, and 35-35%, respectively, compared to W. chinensis. Wedelia trilobata exhibited heightened antioxidant activities of catalase and peroxidase were significantly increased under Cd stress to alleviate oxidative stress. Similarly, flavonoid content was significantly increased by 40-50% in W. trilobata to promote Cd tolerance via activation of the secondary metabolites. An adverse effect of Cd in the leaves of W. chinensis was further verified by a novel hyperspectral imaging technology in the form of normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) and photochemical reflectance index (PRI) compared to W. trilobata. Additionally, W. trilobata increased the Cd tolerance by regulating Cd accumulation in the shoots and roots, bolstering its potential for phytoextraction potential. This study demonstrated that W. trilobata positively responds to Cd with enhanced growth and antioxidant capabilities, providing a new platform for phytoremediation in agricultural lands to protect the environment from heavy metals pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ullah Khan
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xin-Ning Shi
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shan-Shan Qi
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; School of Inspection and Testing Certification, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Dao-Lin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Farrukh Gul
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jia-Hao Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Misbah Naz
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Syed Waqas Ali Shah
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hui Jia
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhi-Cong Dai
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Khan MAR, Islam MA, Biswas K, Al-Amin MY, Ahammed MS, Manik MIN, Islam KMM, Kader MA, Alam AHMK, Zaman S, Sadik G. Compounds from the Petroleum Ether Extract of Wedelia chinensis with Cytotoxic, Anticholinesterase, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020793. [PMID: 36677851 PMCID: PMC9865212 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wedelia chinensis is a folk medicine used in many Asian countries to treat various ailments. Earlier investigations reported that the petroleum ether extract of the plant has potential biological activity, but the compounds responsible for activity are not yet completely known. Therefore, the current work was designed to isolate and characterize the compounds from the petroleum ether extract and to study their bioactivities. Four compounds including two diterepenes (-) kaur-16α-hydroxy-19-oic acid (1) and (-) kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (2), and two steroids β-sitosterol (3), and cholesta-5,23-dien-3-ol (4) were isolated and characterized. Among the compounds, the diterpenes were found to have more biological activities than the steroidal compounds. Compound 1 showed the highest cytotoxicity with LC50 of 12.42 ± 0.87 μg/mL. Likewise, it possesses good antioxidant activity in terms of reducing power. On the contrary, compound 2 exerted the highest antiacetylcholinesterase and antibutyrylcholinesterase activity. Both the diterpenes showed almost similar antibacterial and antifungal activity. The identification of diterpenoid and steroid compounds with multifunctional activities suggests that W. chinensis may serve as an important source of bioactive compounds which should be further investigated in animal model for therapeutic potential in the treatment of different chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Aminul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Kushal Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Md. Yusuf Al-Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Md. Salim Ahammed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Md. Imran Nur Manik
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, 836 Ohyo, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - KM Monirul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Kader
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - AHM Khurshid Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Shahed Zaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Golam Sadik
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
- Correspondence:
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Azlan Azizan K, Izzairy Zamani A, Azlan Nor Muhammad N, Khairudin K, Yusoff N, Firdaus Nawawi M. Dose-Dependent Effect of Wedelia trilobata Essential Oil (EO) on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) with Multivariate Analysis. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100833. [PMID: 34962057 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Understanding metabolite changes and underlying metabolic pathways that may be affected in target plants following essential oils (EOs) exposure is of great importance. In this study, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) based metabolomics approach was used to determine the metabolite changes in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) shoot and root after exposure to different concentrations of W. trilobata EO. Multivariate analyses of principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) corroborated that shoot and root of lettuce responded differently to W. trilobata EO. In EO-exposed shoot samples, an increase in the levels of malic acid, glutamine, serine, lactose and α-glucopyranose affected important metabolism pathways such as glycolysis, fructose and mannose metabolism and galactose metabolism. The findings suggest that lettuce may be up-regulating these metabolites to increase tolerance against W. trilobata EO. In EO-exposed root samples, changes in fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation, degradation, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism were linked to a decrease in lyxose, palmitic acid, octadecanoic acid, aspartic acid, phenylalanine and myo-inositol. These results indicate that W. trilobata EO could cause alterations in fatty acid compositions and lead to inhibition of roots growth. Together, these findings provide insight into the metabolic responses of lettuce upon W. trilobata EO exposure, as well as potential mechanisms of action of W. trilobata EO as bio-herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalrul Azlan Azizan
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia (UKM), Selangor, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Arief Izzairy Zamani
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia (UKM), Selangor, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azlan Nor Muhammad
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia (UKM), Selangor, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Khairunisa Khairudin
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia (UKM), Selangor, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Nornasuha Yusoff
- Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kampus Besut, Terengganu Darul Iman, 2220, Besut, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Firdaus Nawawi
- National Science Center (PSN), Persiaran Bukit Kiara, Bukit Damansara, 50490, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Yang J, Yoon JA, Kim K, Han YT. The first synthesis and immunomodulatory properties of p-hydroxyphenyl caffeate derived from Wedelia trilobata. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2020; 22:966-975. [PMID: 32820958 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2019.1680643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a concise and efficient method for the synthesis of p-hydroxyphenyl caffeate, a novel natural caffeic acid ester derivative isolated from Wedelia trilobata. The key feature of this synthesis is the Verley-Doebner modification of the Knoevenagel condensation of the p-hydroxyphenyl malonate intermediate. The synthesized p-hydroxyphenyl caffeate enhanced interleukin 2 production by murine lymph node T cells, and suppressed interleukin 13 production by murine epidermal T cells. This implies that p-hydroxyphenyl caffeate might be a novel immunomodulatory drug candidate, specifically targeting T helper 2 cell type responses in skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and vitiligo. [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Yang
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jeong A Yoon
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Kwangmi Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Young Taek Han
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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Chen S, Chen H, Xu Y. Safe chemical repellents to prevent the spread of invasive ants. Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:821-827. [PMID: 30141233 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, is one of the most dangerous invasive species in the world. Fire ants can spread by hiding among plant material and soil that are transported from infested areas in vehicles and vessels. Therefore, efficient repellents may be used to prevent fire ants from infesting transported goods. Although some fire ant repellants have been identified, novel, cost-effective and environmentally friendly materials for fire ant control are still needed. Recent studies with other model insects have suggested readily available, non-toxic alternatives (e.g., anthranilates) to commercial repellents. RESULTS We measured the repellent effects of the food additives ethyl anthranilate and butyl anthranilate against nesting by fire ant workers, and the results demonstrated that extremely low concentrations of these compounds can prevent fire ant nesting in pots. The tested compounds remained active at concentrations < 100 µL/L, which is many times lower than the minimum active concentration of any other proposed compound, including the established insect repellent N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET). CONCLUSION These inexpensive chemicals are safely used by the food and cosmetics industries, and their high efficiency differentiates them as the most promising chemicals for use in preventing the spread of fire ants; thus, these chemicals should be evaluated for further potential applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Chen
- Red Imported Fire Ant Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Red Imported Fire Ant Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijuan Xu
- Red Imported Fire Ant Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Lin M, Jin M, Xu K, He L, Cheng D. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria improve the phytoremediation efficiency of Wedelia trilobata for Cu-contaminated soil. Int J Phytoremediation 2018; 20:813-822. [PMID: 29775097 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1438351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In a controlled experiment, we assessed the effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacterium (PSB) on the soil metal (Cu2+) phytoremediation by Wedelia trilobata and examined the effect of the interaction of Cu contamination and PSB on the growth of W. trilobata. We also explored the effect of the interaction of Cu contamination and PSB on the soil microflora. The results showed that the removal efficiency of Cu from soil by W. trilobata increased with an increase in the concentration of PSB, and the translocation factors of Cu (i.e., leaf:root and stem:root) were both significantly upregulated by PSB. The PSB significantly promoted the growth of W. trilobata; however, the effect of the Cu-PSB interaction on the leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of W. trilobata was not significant, whereas copper contamination had a significant negative influence on the soil microflora, PSB had a significant positive influence on the soil microflora. Thus, PSB improved the phytoremediation efficiency of W. trilobata in Cu-contaminated soil because of the positive influence on the soil microflora, improving soil quality, which then increased the growth of W. trilobata in Cu-contaminated soil. The vigorous growth of W. trlobata led to higher of Cu absorption and translocation from soil as the ultimate result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozi Lin
- a Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control System for Coastal Basin Environment, Fujian Province University (Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University) , Fuqing , Fujian Province , Republic of China
- b College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , Republic of China
- c Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education , Fuzhou , Fujian Province , Republic of China
| | - Meifang Jin
- a Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control System for Coastal Basin Environment, Fujian Province University (Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University) , Fuqing , Fujian Province , Republic of China
| | - Kang Xu
- b College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , Republic of China
| | - Lingchao He
- b College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Cheng
- c Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education , Fuzhou , Fujian Province , Republic of China
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Bu XQ, Liu L, Mu YN, Guan YT, Li HL, Yu FH. [Effects of water level fluctuation on the inter- and intra-specific relationships between Wedelia trilobata and W. chinensis]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2017; 28:797-804. [PMID: 29741005 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201703.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A controlled greenhouse experiment was designed with the invasive Wedelia trilobata and native W. chinensis. Three water level fluctuation treatments (no fluctuation, change pattern by 15 cm-0 cm-15 cm, change pattern by 0 cm-15 cm-0 cm) were crossed with five plant arrangement treatments (an individual invasive plant per pot, an individual native plant per pot, 6 invasive plants per pot, 6 native plants per pot, six plants per pot with three invasive and three native plants) to explore the effects of water level fluctuation on inter- and intra-specific relationships between W. trilobata and W. chinensis. The results showed that water level fluctuation decreased signifi-cantly the total biomass, stem biomass, leaf biomass, root biomass, stem length, number of nodes, number of leaves and leaf area of W. trilobata and W. chinensis. Meantime it had significant effects on the inter- and intra-specific competition between W. trilobata and W. chinensis. Water level fluctuation changed the inter- and intra-specific competition of W. trilobata. It indicated that W. trilobata was more sensitive to water level fluctuation with stronger adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qi Bu
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ya Nan Mu
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Ting Guan
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hong Li Li
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Hai Yu
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Balekar N, Katkam NG, Nakpheng T, Jehtae K, Srichana T. Evaluation of the wound healing potential of Wedelia trilobata (L.) leaves. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 141:817-824. [PMID: 22465731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc (Asteraceae) leaves are used in the treatment of wounds by traditional healers. Despite the use of this plant in wound healing, there is a scarcity of scientific data to support its therapeutic application. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the wound healing potential of Wedelia trilobata (L.) leaves commonly employed by traditional healers and to clarify its traditional use in a scientific investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethanolic extract of Wedelia trilobata leaves was subjected to column chromatography. Hexane, ethyl acetate (WEA) and chloroform:methanol (50:50) (WCM) fractions were obtained. The fractions were tested using relevant in vitro wound healing assays. Antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH assay. The fibroblast proliferation, oxidative stress using hydrogen peroxide, an in vitro scratch assay, and increasing collagen content was determined using fibroblast L929. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RESULTS WEA (3 μg/mL) promoted fibroblast L929 survivability up to more than 90% before and more than 85% after hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress. WEA (3 μg/mL) induced a 70% migration rate in the in vitro scratch assay and the collagen content was increased to 261 μg/mL compared to the control (57.5 μg/mL). WCM exhibited a scavenging activity for DPPH with an IC(50) value of 179.5 μg/mL comparable to BHT (139.3 μg/mL). WEA was active against gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis with MIC values of 62.5 and 31.25 μg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION These scientific findings of wound healing activity supports the traditional claims for Wedelia trilobata (L.) leaves. The WEA displayed antibacterial and fibroblast stimulatory activities while WCM exhibited antioxidant to indicate its potential wound healing properties. However further studies to isolate the antibacterial, antioxidant and fibroblast stimulatory compounds that contribute to the wound healing properties of this plant are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Balekar
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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Brito S, Crescente O, Fernández A, Coronado A, Rodriguez N. [Efficacy of a kaurenic acid extracted from the Venezuelan plant Wedelia trilobata (Asteracea) against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis]. Biomedica 2006; 26 Suppl 1:180-7. [PMID: 17361853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leishmaniasis is a global public health problem without adequate treatment options, hence requiring research on new drug development. OBJECTIVE Our main objective was the evaluation of a kaurenic acid (ent-kaur-16-in-19-oico), isolated from the Venezuelan plant Wedelia trilobata (Asteracea), on Leishmania (V) braziliensis both in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vitro assay was performed using axenic amastigotes and promastigotes as well as infected and uninfected macrophages. Parasites and macrophages were treated with concentrations of the compound varying between 10 and 250 microg/ml. The effect of the compound on cellular viability was evaluated by counting dead and living cells in a hemocytometer and by the colorimetric method using MTT (Methylthiazoletetrazolium). For the in vivo assay, Balb/c mice were infected subcutaneously with 1 x 10(6) promastigotes of L. (V.) braziliensis and afterwards treated with a daily dose of 30 mg/kg in 100 microl of kaurenic acid administered by intraperitoneal injection for one week. RESULTS The compound had a lethal effect on axenic amastigotes and promastigotes with DL50 of 0.25 and 0.78 microg/ml, respectively, in 24 hours. Low toxicity was observed for J774-G8 macrophages with a DL50 of 25 microg/ml and high viability (70-92%), while a moderate viability was observed for infected macrophages (37-81%), with concentrations of 25 microg/ml or less. Additionally, a 70% reduction was observed in the size of the skin lesions in Balb/c mice with no evident toxic effect. CONCLUSION The results indicate that this compound has a potent leishmanicidal effect on L. (V.) braziliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solanny Brito
- Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná, Estado Sucre, Venezuela
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Bürger C, Fischer DR, Cordenunzzi DA, Batschauer APDB, Cechinel Filho V, Soares ARDS. Acute and subacute toxicity of the hydroalcoholic extract from Wedelia paludosa (Acmela brasiliensis) (Asteraceae) in mice. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2005; 8:370-3. [PMID: 16124949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was carried out to evaluated acute and subacute toxicity of a hydroalcoholic extract from aerial parts of Wedelia paludosa (Asteraceae). METHODS Toxicity of W. paludosa was evaluated in Swiss mice after ingestions of the extract during one day (acute model) and during 15 days (subacute model). RESULTS The results showed that the LD50 of the extract is higher than 4000 mg/kg and the subacute treatment did not shows any change in corporal weight and hematological parameters. However, a change in liver weight but not in hepatic enzymes was observed. This suggests that the liver function is not altered by Wedelia paludosa in this study. Some changes in the creatinine content were observed, but could not be related with the extract dose. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the plant seems to be destituted of toxic effects in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiani Bürger
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
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Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the whole plant of Wedelia paludosa (Acmela brasiliensis) furnished a new eudesmanolide lactone, named paludolactone (2), in addition to the known eudesmanolide (1), stigmasterol, kaurenoic and oleanolic acids. 1H- and 13C-NMR, and MS spectroscopic and elemental analyses were used for the structural elucidation of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas), CCS, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
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Mottakin AKM, Chowdhury R, Haider MS, Rahman KM, Hasan CM, Rashid MA. Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of extractives from Wedelia calendulacea. Fitoterapia 2004; 75:355-9. [PMID: 15158994 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2003.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2003] [Accepted: 12/11/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of Wedelia calendulacea were assayed by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and standardized disk diffusion method against 19 bacterial strains. Three diterpenes isolated from the plant were also evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activities. The LC50 for the crude extracts against the brine shrimp nauplii were found to be 4.59 microg/ml, 7.99 microg/ml and 14.88 microg/ml, respectively, whereas the positive control, vincristine sulfate showed an LC50 of 0.58 microg/ml. Among the crude extracts and pure compounds tested, (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid isolated from the chloroform extract showed the highest inhibitory activity against most of the bacterial strains with mean zone of inhibition of 10-21 mm at 200 microg/disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Mottakin
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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