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Ochwoto M, Kimotho J, Oyugi J, Andonov A, Songok E, Osiowy C. Hepatitis B virus genotypes and unique recombinants circulating among outpatients in selected hospitals in Kenya. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Weger S, Elkin B, Lindsay R, Bollinger T, Crichton V, Andonov A. Hepatitis E Virus Seroprevalence in Free-Ranging Deer in Canada. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 64:1008-1011. [PMID: 26752436 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus infection (HEV) is an important public health concern not only in traditional endemic areas, but also in some industrialized countries where both domesticated and wild animals have been recognized as potential zoonotic reservoirs implicated in HEV transmission. While the prevalence of infection in the deer population in Europe and Asia has been thoroughly investigated, it remains largely undetermined in North America. We assessed the presence of HEV in three different species of free-range deer in Canada. The seroprevalence of HEV among deer in Canada was 8.8% in white-tailed deer, 4.5% in mule deer and 3.2% in caribou. Hepatitis E virus RNA was not detected. Overall, data indicate that HEV infection occurs in deer in Canada. The absence of viraemia and the low seroprevalence especially in barren-ground caribou which is an important part of the diet in many northern communities suggests that the risk of zoonotic transmission may be less pronounced compared to other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Weger
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - B Elkin
- Wildlife Division, Wildlife Veterinarian, Government of NorthWest Territories Environment & Natural Resources, Yellowknife, NT, Canada
| | - R Lindsay
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - T Bollinger
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (CWHC), Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - V Crichton
- Wildlife and Ecosystem Protection Branch, Manitoba Conservation, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - A Andonov
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Osiowy C, Gunning H, Giles E, Charlton C, Andonov A, Tang J. A comparison of 4 anti-hepatitis C virus antibody assays in a low prevalence general Canadian population. J Clin Virol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.07.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Andonov A, Lin L, McGuinness L, Krajden M. Distribution of Hepatitis C virus genotypes among newly acquired HCV infections in British Columbia (2000-2013). Can Commun Dis Rep 2014; 40:437-443. [PMID: 29769875 PMCID: PMC5864462 DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v40i19a03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterization of newly acquired Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections is important in order to understand the epidemiology and spread of HCV. OBJECTIVE To describe the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype distribution of newly acquired HCV infections in the province of British Columbia for the period 2000-2013. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional analysis of multi-year data on HCV genotypes. Time trends for the proportion of different HCV genotypes are presented only for newly acquired (incident) HCV infections. RESULTS For acute cases, genotype 1a remains the dominant HCV type in circulation (50%), followed by genotype 3a (34%). HCV genotype 1b declined, while genotype 2 was relatively stable. Phylogenetically-related clusters of HCV strains were observed indicating a common source of infection. CONCLUSION Enhanced hepatitis surveillance provides a mechanism for monitoring different HCV strains currently circulating in the community. While HCV genotype 1a continues to be the most prevalent, changes in the relative frequency of genotypes 1 and 3 have been observed. This may have important implications for the control and prevention of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Andonov
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, WinnipegMB
| | - L Lin
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, WinnipegMB
| | - L McGuinness
- Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratory, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Krajden
- Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratory, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC
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Andonov A, Rock G, Lin L, Borlang J, Hooper J, Grudeski E, Wu J. Serological and molecular evidence of a plausible transmission of hepatitis E virus through pooled plasma. Vox Sang 2014; 107:213-9. [PMID: 24830322 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recently, hepatitis E virus has been recognized as a new transfusion-associated risk; however, its efficiency of transmission through blood products requires further investigation. Asymptomatic viremia of short duration has been observed in blood donors from several European countries to the rate of <1:10,000 and HEV transmission in recipients of blood products has been documented in Japan and Europe. Although HEV RNA was detected in large plasma fractionation pools used for manufacturing of plasma derived products, HEV transmission has not been demonstrated so far. In this study, we investigated the possibility of HEV transmission in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura whose treatment included up to 40 l of plasma exchange. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six TTP patients received either solvent-detergent-treated plasma prepared by pooling of 2500 single-donor or cryosupernatant plasma. Three samples were collected from TTP patients at time 0, 1 and 6 months post-treatment and tested for anti-HEV antibodies. Patients with HEV seroconversion were also tested for viremia by PCR. RESULTS Two of seventeen TTP patients treated with SDP showed serological evidence of HEV infection. The 1-month samples from these patients were also positive for HEV RNA. A distinct rise of anti-HEV IgG level was detected in two other TTP patients with weak pre-existing immunity to HEV; this observation is indicative of a possible immune response boost due to a breakthrough infection. CONCLUSION This work provides, for the first time, indirect evidence of HEV transmission by pooled plasma and warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Andonov
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Swinkels HM, Kuo M, Embree G, Fraser Health Environmental Health Investigation Team C, Andonov A, Henry B, Buxton JA. Hepatitis A outbreak in British Columbia, Canada: the roles of established surveillance, consumer loyalty cards and collaboration, February to May 2012. Euro Surveill 2014; 19. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.18.20792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-travel-related hepatitis A is rare in Canada. We describe a hepatitis A outbreak investigation in British Columbia in February to May 2012 in which exposure history was collected from nine confirmed non-travel-related cases. Suspected foods were tested for hepatitis A virus (HAV): a frozen fruit blend was identified as a common exposure for six of the nine cases using supermarket loyalty cards. Consumption of the product was confirmed in each case. Genetic analysis confirmed HAV genotype 1B in the six exposed cases. Of the three non-exposed cases, the virus could not be genotyped for two of them; the virus from the other case was found to be genotype 1A and this case was therefore not considered part of the outbreak. HAV was detected by PCR from pomegranate seeds, a component of the identified frozen fruit blend. Historically low levels of HAV infection in British Columbia triggered early recognition of the outbreak. Loyalty card histories facilitated product identification and a trace-back investigation implicated imported pomegranate seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Swinkels
- Office of the Medical Health Officer, Public Health Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M Kuo
- Communicable Disease Prevention and Control Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - G Embree
- Health Protection, Public Health, Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, Canada
| | | | - A Andonov
- National Medical Laboratory, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - B Henry
- Communicable Disease Prevention and Control Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J A Buxton
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Communicable Disease Prevention and Control Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
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Kostov M, Henkel F, Andonov A. Safety assessment of A92 reactor building for large commercial aircraft crash. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Brooke R, Tang P, Mak A, Grebely J, Adie K, Danta M, Spinelli J, Andonov A, Krajden M. P214 Molecular epidemiology of newly acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in British Columbia. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(09)70433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Panessa C, Hill WD, Giles E, Yu A, Harvard S, Butt G, Andonov A, Krajden M, Osiowy C. Genotype D amongst injection drug users with acute hepatitis B virus infection in British Columbia. J Viral Hepat 2009; 16:64-73. [PMID: 19192159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2008.01045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The eight genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) exhibit distinct geographical distributions. This study identified HBV genotypes and transmission modes associated with acute infection in British Columbia (BC), Canada, from 2001 to 2005. Seventy cases of acute HBV in BC were identified from laboratory reports using a standardized case definition. Interviews for risk factors and hepatitis history were conducted for each case. HBV genotypes were determined by BLAST comparison analysis of the surface (S) or preS gene sequence. To illustrate the distribution of genotypes identified amongst acute cases in BC, an annotated map was produced showing the global occurrence of HBV genotypes. The majority of acute HBV cases occurred in Caucasian, Canadian-born males, with 30% of cases reporting injection drug use (IDU) and 21% reporting incarceration. The most common genotype observed was genotype D (62.9%), followed by genotypes A (18.6%), C (11.4%), B (4.3%), and E (1.4%). A significant association was observed between Genotype D and IDU (P = 0.0025) and previous incarceration (P = 0.0067). Phylogenetic analysis of the S gene sequence demonstrated identical or high genetic relatedness amongst genotype D viral strains (86% sub-genotype D3), thus verifying transmission clustering amongst BC injection drug users. The association between acute HBV genotype and reported transmission modes has not been previously described in North America. Tracking of genotypes can help identify disease transmission patterns and target at-risk populations for preventive immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Panessa
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Wu J, Wu H, Andonov A, Dudani A, Li Q, Dinner K, Wong T. Epidemiological Profile of Newly Diagnosed Patients with Hepatitis C Infection in 6 Health Regions Across Canada Over and 8-Year Period. Ann Epidemiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wu H, Wong T, Dudani A, Andonov A, Li Q, Dinner K, Wu J. Prevalence and Incidence of Hepatitis B Infection among Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Subjects in 6 Health Regions, Canada, 1998–2006. Ann Epidemiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wu HX, Wu J, Wong T, Andonov A, Li Q, Dinner K, Donaldson T, Paton S. Incidence and risk factors for newly acquired hepatitis C virus infection among Aboriginal versus non-Aboriginal Canadians in six regions, 1999-2004. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 26:167-74. [PMID: 17308895 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-007-0267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence and recent patterns of transmission within Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Canadians. Cases of newly acquired HCV infection (in patients > or =15 years) reported to the Enhanced Hepatitis Strain Surveillance System from six jurisdictions in Canada were analyzed. Information on demographic and clinical characteristics as well as risk factors for HCV infection was collected using standardized questionnaires. Univariate analysis showed Aboriginal patients to be significantly more likely than non-Aboriginal patients to report injection drug use (77.1% vs. 64.0%; p < 0.05), to be female (54.6% vs. 37.6%; p < 0.05), to report high-risk sexual behaviors (48.6% vs. 34.1%, p < 0.05), and to report drug snorting (45.7% vs. 32.7%, p < 0.05). The median age of Aboriginal patients was significantly younger than that of non-Aboriginal patients (31 years [range, 15-71] vs. 34 years [range, 15-81]; p < 0.05). The overall incidence of HCV infection per 100,000 people aged 15 years and older was 18.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.5-23.1) in Aboriginal people and 2.8 (95%CI 2.6-3.1) in non-Aboriginal people. Poisson regression analysis revealed that Aboriginal Canadians were more likely than non-Aboriginal Canadians to develop acute hepatitis C (adjusted rate ratio 5.8, 95%CI 4.7-7.3). An appropriate and effective public health strategy that includes planned and implemented prevention programs in partnership with the Aboriginal community is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-X Wu
- Blood Safety Surveillance and Health Care Acquired Infection Division, Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Lai AS, Krajden M, Andonov A, Gallagher RP, Janoo-Gilani R, Gascoyne RD, Connors JM, Spinelli JJ. The Role of Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Canada. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s89-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wu J, Wu H, Andonov A, Giulivi A. Enhanced Surveillance of Hepatitis B in Canada, 1999–2004: Implication for Immunization Policy. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s191-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wu HX, Andonov A, Giulivi A, Goedhuis NJ, Baptiste B, Furseth J, Poliquin D, Chan JIP, Bolesnikov G, Moffat B, Paton S, Wu J. Enhanced surveillance for childhood hepatitis B virus infection in Canada, 1999-2003. Int J Med Sci 2005; 2:143-6. [PMID: 16239952 PMCID: PMC1252726 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.2.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2005] [Accepted: 09/06/2005] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Since hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can have serious sequelae, especially if infection occurs during childhood, there is a continuing need to examine its epidemiology so as to inform control measures. We analyzed trends in disease incidence and patterns of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in both Canadian-born and non-Canadian-born children from 1999 to 2003, through the Enhanced Hepatitis Strain Surveillance System. Amongst Canadian-born children, the incidence of newly identified HBV infection per 100,000 declined significantly during the study period from 1.4 in 1999, to 0.5 in 2003 (RR, 0.75 per year; 95% CI, 0.60-0.95). Amongst non-Canadian-born children, the incidence of HBV infection per 100,000 ranged from 9.4 to 16.3, during the study period (linear trend test, p=0.69). Poisson regression analysis revealed that non-Canadian-born children were more likely to have HBV infection (RR, 12.3; 95% CI, 7.6 to 19.8), than Canadian-born children. HBV infection was found to be more common among children emigrating from high endemic area, than among Canadian-born children. Current Canadian immunization policy should take into consideration the protection of all children against HBV infection, including those coming from countries where mass hepatitis B vaccination programs have still not been launched.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Wu
- Blood Safety Surveillance and Health Care Acquired Infection Division, Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Andonov A, Sauder C, Jacobsen H, Chaudhary R. Comparison of six sets of PCR primers from two different genomic regions for amplification of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus RNA. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:286-9. [PMID: 9431969 PMCID: PMC124856 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.36.1.286-289.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Forty-four clinical samples positive for GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) were tested with six primer sets, four from the 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR) and two from the NS5a genomic region. Two of the 5'-UTR primer sets, when used in a single-round 60-cycle PCR, detected between 86.4 and 97.7% of the positive samples, while two different sets from the same area, when used in a nested PCR, amplified between 97.7 and 100% of the positive specimens. Both sets from the NS5a region, when used in a single-round PCR, detected 95.5% of the GBV-C/HGV-positive samples. Parallel testing with two PCR sets, one from the 5'-UTR and a second from NS5a, may eliminate false-negative results attributable to the genetic heterogeneity of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Andonov
- Laboratory for Viral Hepatitis, Bureau of Microbiology, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
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Abstract
A reverse hybridization test (Inno-LiPA HCV; Innogenetics, N.V., Zwijnaarde, Belgium) was used for typing hepatitis C virus. All 38 samples, typed by PCR with primers from core and NS5 genes, were also genotyped by this test. Of the samples, 33 (87%) had the same subtypes by both assays. The correlations between PCR and Inno-LiPA for individual types were 77% for type I (1a), 90% for type II (1b), 100% for type III (2a), 100% for type IV (2b), and 100% for type V (3a). One of the type III (2a) samples also reacted with type I (1a) probes in the Inno-LiPA test.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Andonov
- Laboratory for Viral Hepatitis, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
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Abstract
We used PCR for hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotyping with type-specific primers from the core and NS5 genes. Type I was predominant in the general population (58% in blood donors) as well as in different risk groups, such as intravenous drug abusers (58%), blood transfusion recipients (64%), hemophiliacs (62%), and patients with HCV chronic liver disease (76%). Types II, III, and IV were less prevalent in Canada, being found in 10.92, 6.72, and 5.88% of the population, respectively. The type II core primer was not type specific and reacted with the majority of our type I HCV samples, suggesting a false-positive dual infection with two different genotypes (I and II). Digestion of these amplified type I and type II products with restriction endonuclease AccI proved to be very useful in the exclusion of false-positive dual type I and type II infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Andonov
- Laboratory for Viral Hepatitis, Bureau of Microbiology, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
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Chaudhary RK, Andonov A, MacLean C. Detection of hepatitis C virus infection with recombinant immunoblot assay, synthetic immunoblot assay, and polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Lab Anal 1993; 7:164-7. [PMID: 7685380 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.1860070306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly developed immunoblot assay, RIBA SIA (recombinant and synthetic polypeptide immunoblot assay), Chiron, Calif., was compared with the commercially available second generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA-2) for the detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). The two immunoblot tests were also compared with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of HCV RNA. Ninety-one percent of samples reactive by RIBA-2 were positive for anti-HCV by RIBA SIA. A total of 31% of RIBA-2 indeterminate samples became reactive by RIBA SIA, 24% became non-reactive, and 45% remained the same. Samples reactive by RIBA-2 or SIA from different risk groups, were mostly positive (67-100%) by PCR for HCV RNA. All indeterminate samples from hemophiliacs and intravenous drug users were PCR positive. RIBA SIA is more sensitive and specific than RIBA-2 and correlates well with PCR results.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Chaudhary
- Laboratory for Viral Hepatitis, Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
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Teokharova M, Teokharov P, Stankova I, Andonov A, Karabasheva V. [DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in hepatitis A virus-infected cells]. Vopr Virusol 1987; 32:304-7. [PMID: 2445107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein macromolecules was observed in cells infected with a strain of HA virus which had undergone 11 passages in the same culture. At 24-hour intervals the infected and uninfected cells were pulse-labeled with 1 microCi/cc 3H-thymidine, 3H-uridine, and 14C-valine. In 6-9 days after cell inoculation, inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis was observed, being most marked in DNA synthesis. The synthesis of these macromolecules increases on the 10-13th day which coincides with virus antigen accumulation in the cell cytoplasm.
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Teoharova M, Karabasheva V, Mineva E, Losev B, Andonov A. Morphological and physical characteristics of an antigen associated with viral hepatitis type A (Botevgrad antigen). Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A 1978; 242:156-67. [PMID: 216189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune electron microscopy (IEM) was employed in studying faecal samples of viral hepatitis type A patients and their contacts, in whom the presence of an antigen, differing from the HBsAg, designated as Botevgrad antigen (BA) was proved by the CFT. Particles 25--28 nm in diameter, aggregated by sera positive for the anti-HAAg were established in the faecal samples. The buoyant density of these particles in CsCl was found to be 1.40 g/ml. Particles of the same buoyant density were established also in sera positive for BA which were aggregated in large masses with antiserum against BA obtained from rabbits. The associations between BA and HAAg are discussed.
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Andonov A, Teokharova M, Astrukova S, Losev B, Mineva E, Dragonov P. [Development of cellular immunity in patients with viral hepatitis]. Vopr Virusol 1976:331-7. [PMID: 185810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBSAg) and Botevgrad antigen (BA) was traced in 50 hepatitis patients. Migration inhibition test (MIT) was performed with purified HBSg and AB. Blood samples from every hepatitis patient were obtained at the beginning of the icteric phase, 10 days later and during convalescence. There was correlation between the two types of viral hepatitis and the type of cellular immune response. The development of CMI is associated with disappearance of HBSAg from the serum of hepatitis patients. CMI to HBSAg develops within 9-12 days after the onset of icterus and to BA during the first two days of icterus. There is a relationship between the persistence of HBSAg and CMI.
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