Nicholson HS, Krailo M, Ames MM, Seibel NL, Reid JM, Liu-Mares W, Vezina LG, Ettinger AG, Reaman GH. Phase I study of temozolomide in children and adolescents with recurrent solid tumors: a report from the Children's Cancer Group.
J Clin Oncol 1998;
16:3037-43. [PMID:
9738573 DOI:
10.1200/jco.1998.16.9.3037]
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Abstract
PURPOSE
The Children's Cancer Group conducted a phase I trial of temozolomide stratified by prior craniospinal irradiation (CSI).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Children and adolescents with recurrent or progressive cancer were enrolled. Temozolomide was administered orally daily for 5 days, with subsequent courses administered every 21 to 28 days after full hematologic recovery. Dose levels tested included 100, 150, 180, 215, 245, and 260 mg/m2 daily.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven patients on the non-CSI stratum were assessable for hematologic toxicity. During the first three dose levels (100, 150, and 180 mg/m2 daily), only grades 1 and 2 hematologic toxicity occurred. One patient at 215 mg/m2 daily had grade 3 hematologic toxicity. Three of eight patients (38%) treated at 245 to 260 mg/m2 daily had dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), which included both neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Twenty-two patients on the CSI stratum were assessable for hematologic toxicity. Hematologic DLT occurred in one of six patients (17%) at 100 mg/m2 daily and in two of four patients (50%) at 215 mg/m2 daily. No nonhematologic DLT occurred; nausea and vomiting occurred in more than half of the patients. After two courses of temozolomide, 10 patients had stable disease (SD), and three patients had a partial response (PR), one of whom subsequently had a complete response (CR) that persists through 24 months of follow-up.
CONCLUSION
The maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of temozolomide for children and adolescents without prior CSI is 215 mg/m2 daily and for those with prior CSI is 180 mg/m2 daily for 5 days, with subsequent courses that begin on day 28. Temozolomide is well tolerated and should undergo phase II testing in children and adolescents.
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