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Soukhanovskii VA, Blanchard WR, Dong JK, Kaita R, Kugel HW, Menard JE, Provost TJ, Raman R, Roquemore AL, Sichta P. Supersonic Gas Injector for Plasma Fueling in the National Spherical Torus Experiment. Fusion Science and Technology 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2018.1502034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. K. Dong
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - R. Kaita
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - H. W. Kugel
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - J. E. Menard
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - T. J. Provost
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - R. Raman
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - P. Sichta
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey
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2
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Nagy A, Bortolon A, Mauzey DM, Wolfe E, Gilson EP, Lunsford R, Maingi R, Mansfield DK, Nazikian R, Roquemore AL. A multi-species powder dropper for magnetic fusion applications. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10K121. [PMID: 30399718 DOI: 10.1063/1.5039345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a device for controlled injection of a variety of materials in powder form. The system implements four independent feeder units, arranged to share a single vertical drop tube. Each unit consists of a 80 ml reservoir, coupled to a horizontal linear trough, where a layer of powder is advanced by piezo-electric agitation at a speed proportional to the applied voltage, until it falls into a drop tube. The dropper has been tested with a number of impurities of low (B, BN, C), intermediate (Si, SiC), and high Z (Sn) and a variety of microscopic structures (flakes, spheres, rocks) and sizes (5-200 μm). For low Z materials, drop rates ∼2-200 mg/s have been obtained showing good repeatability and uniformity. A calibrated light-emitting diode (LED)-based flowmeter allows measuring and monitoring the drop rate during operation. The fast time-response of the four feeders allows combination of steady and pulsed injections, providing a flexible tool for controlled-dose, real-time impurity injection in fusion plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nagy
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - A Bortolon
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - D M Mauzey
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - E Wolfe
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - E P Gilson
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - R Lunsford
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - R Maingi
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - D K Mansfield
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - R Nazikian
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - A L Roquemore
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
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Hawryluk RJ, Mueller D, Hosea J, Barnes CW, Beer M, Bell MG, Bell R, Biglari H, Bitter M, Boivin R, Bretz NL, Budny R, Bush CE, Chen L, Cheng CZ, Cowley S, Dairow DS, Efthimion PC, Fonck RJ, Fredrickson E, Furth HP, Greene G, Grek B, Grisham LR, Hammett G, Heidbrink W, Hill KW, Hoffman D, Hulse RA, Hsuan H, Janos A, Jassby DL, Jobes FC, Johnson DW, Johnson LC, Kamperschroer J, Kesner J, Phillips CK, Kilpatrick SJ, Kugel H, LaMarche PH, LeBlanc B, Manos DM, Mansfield DK, Marmar ES, Mazzucato E, McCarthy MP, Machuzak J, Mauel M, McCune D, McGuire KM, Medley SS, Monticello DR, Mikkelsen D, Nagayama Y, Navratil GA, Nazikian R, Owens DK, Park H, Park W, Paul S, Perkins F, Pitcher S, Rasmussen D, Redi MH, Rewoldt G, Roberts D, Roquemore AL, Sabbagh S, Schilling G, Schivell J, Schmidt GL, Scott SD, Snipes J, Stevens J, Stratton BC, Strachan JD, Stodiek W, Synakowski E, Tang W, Taylor G, Terry J, Timberlake JR, Ulrickson HH, Towner M, von Goeler S, Wieland R, Wilson JR, Wong KL, Woskov P, Yamada M, Young KM, Zamstorff MC, Zweben SJ. Status and Plans for TFTR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst92-a29907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Hawryluk
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - D. Mueller
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - J. Hosea
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | | | - M. Beer
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - M. G. Bell
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - R. Bell
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - H. Biglari
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - M. Bitter
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - R. Boivin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - N. L. Bretz
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - R. Budny
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - C. E. Bush
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - L. Chen
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - C. Z. Cheng
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - S. Cowley
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - D. S. Dairow
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - P. C. Efthimion
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | | | - E. Fredrickson
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - H. P. Furth
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - G. Greene
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - B. Grek
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - L. R. Grisham
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - G. Hammett
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | | | - K. W. Hill
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - D. Hoffman
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - R. A. Hulse
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - H. Hsuan
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - A. Janos
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - D. L. Jassby
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - F. C. Jobes
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - D. W. Johnson
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - L. C. Johnson
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - J. Kamperschroer
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - J. Kesner
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - C. K. Phillips
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - S. J. Kilpatrick
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - H. Kugel
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - P. H. LaMarche
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - B. LeBlanc
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - D. M. Manos
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - D. K. Mansfield
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - E. S. Marmar
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - E. Mazzucato
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - M. P. McCarthy
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - J. Machuzak
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - M. Mauel
- Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - D.C. McCune
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - K. M. McGuire
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - S. S. Medley
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - D. R. Monticello
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - D. Mikkelsen
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | | | | | - R. Nazikian
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - D. K. Owens
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - H. Park
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - W. Park
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - S. Paul
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - F. Perkins
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - S. Pitcher
- Canadian Fusion Fuels Technology Project, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - M. H. Redi
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - G. Rewoldt
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | | | - A. L. Roquemore
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | | | - G. Schilling
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - J. Schivell
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - G. L. Schmidt
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - S. D. Scott
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - J. Snipes
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - J. Stevens
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - B. C. Stratton
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - J. D. Strachan
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - W. Stodiek
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - E. Synakowski
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - W. Tang
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - G. Taylor
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - J. Terry
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - J. R. Timberlake
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - H. H. Ulrickson
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - M. Towner
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - S. von Goeler
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - R. Wieland
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - J. R. Wilson
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - K. L. Wong
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - P. Woskov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - M. Yamada
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - K. M. Young
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - M. C. Zamstorff
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
| | - S. J. Zweben
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University P.O. Box 451 Princeton, N.J. 08543 USA (609) 243-3306
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Vorenkamp MS, Nagy A, Bortolon A, Lunsford R, Maingi R, Mansfield DK, Roquemore AL. Recent Upgrades of the DIII-D Impurity Granule Injector. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2017.1335144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Vorenkamp
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Route 1 North, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
- University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92110
| | - A. Nagy
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Route 1 North, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - A. Bortolon
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Route 1 North, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - R. Lunsford
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Route 1 North, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - R. Maingi
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Route 1 North, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - D. K. Mansfield
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Route 1 North, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - A. L. Roquemore
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Route 1 North, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
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Barnes CW, Larson AR, Roquemore AL. Calculations of Neutron Activation Response for the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor and Absolute Calibrations of Neutron Yield. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst96-a30763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cris W. Barnes
- Los Alamos National Laboratory P-24 Mail Stop E526, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Alvin R. Larson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory P-24 Mail Stop E526, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - A. L. Roquemore
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton, New Jersey 08543
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Liu D, Heidbrink WW, Tritz K, Zhu YB, Roquemore AL, Medley SS. Design of solid state neutral particle analyzer array for National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11E105. [PMID: 25430284 DOI: 10.1063/1.4889913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new compact, multi-channel Solid State Neutral Particle Analyzer (SSNPA) diagnostic based on silicon photodiode array has been designed and is being fabricated for the National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade (NSTX-U). The SSNPA system utilizes a set of vertically stacked photodiode arrays in current mode viewing the same plasma region with different filter thickness to obtain fast temporal resolution (∼120 kHz bandwidth) and coarse energy information in three bands of >25 keV, >45 keV, and >65 keV. The SSNPA system consists of 15 radial sightlines that intersect existing on-axis neutral beams at major radii between 90 and 130 cm, 15 tangential sightlines that intersect new off-axis neutral beams at major radii between 120 and 145 cm. These two subsystems aim at separating the response of passing and trapped fast ions. In addition, one photodiode array whose viewing area does not intersect any neutral beams is used to monitor passive signals produced by fast ions that charge exchange with background neutrals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - W W Heidbrink
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - K Tritz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Y B Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - A L Roquemore
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - S S Medley
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
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Mueller D, Roquemore AL, Jaworski M, Skinner CH, Miller J, Creely A, Raman P, Ruzic D. In situ measurement of low-Z material coating thickness on high Z substrate for tokamaks. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11E821. [PMID: 25430386 DOI: 10.1063/1.4893425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rutherford backscattering of energetic particles can be used to determine the thickness of a coating of a low-Z material over a heavier substrate. Simulations indicate that 5 MeV alpha particles from an (241)Am source can be used to measure the thickness of a Li coating on Mo tiles between 0.5 and 15 μm thick. Using a 0.1 mCi source, a thickness measurement can be accomplished in 2 h of counting. This technique could be used to measure any thin, low-Z material coating (up to 1 mg/cm(2) thick) on a high-Z substrate, such as Be on W, B on Mo, or Li on Mo. By inserting a source and detector on a moveable probe, this technique could be used to provide an in situ measurement of the thickness of Li coating on NSTX-U Mo tiles. A test stand with an alpha source and an annular solid-state detector was used to investigate the measurable range of low-Z material thicknesses on Mo tiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mueller
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - A L Roquemore
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - M Jaworski
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - C H Skinner
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - J Miller
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - A Creely
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - P Raman
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, Center for Plasma Material Interaction, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - D Ruzic
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, Center for Plasma Material Interaction, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Fiflis P, Andrucyzk D, Roquemore AL, McGuire M, Curreli D, Ruzic DN. Lithium pellet production (LiPP): a device for the production of small spheres of lithium. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:063506. [PMID: 23822344 DOI: 10.1063/1.4811665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
With lithium as a fusion material gaining popularity, a method for producing lithium pellets relatively quickly has been developed for NSTX. The Lithium Pellet Production device is based on an injector with a sub-millimeter diameter orifice and relies on a jet of liquid lithium breaking apart into small spheres via the Plateau-Rayleigh instability. A prototype device is presented in this paper and for a pressure difference of ΔP = 5 Torr, spheres with diameters between 0.91 < D < 1.37 mm have been produced with an average diameter of D = 1.14 mm, which agrees with the developed theory. Successive tests performed at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory with Wood's metal have confirmed the dependence of sphere diameter on pressure difference as predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fiflis
- Center for Plasma Material Interactions, Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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Taylor CN, Heim B, Gonderman S, Allain JP, Yang Z, Kaita R, Roquemore AL, Skinner CH, Ellis RA. Materials analysis and particle probe: a compact diagnostic system for in situ analysis of plasma-facing components (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10D703. [PMID: 23126877 DOI: 10.1063/1.4729262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the materials analysis particle probe (MAPP) in NSTX is to enable prompt and direct analysis of plasma-facing components exposed to plasma discharges. MAPP allows multiple samples to be introduced to the level of the plasma-facing surface without breaking vacuum and analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ion-scattering and direct recoil spectroscopy, and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) immediately following the plasma discharge. MAPP is designed to operate as a diagnostic within the ∼12 min NSTX minimum between-shot time window to reveal fundamental plasma-surface interactions. Initial calibration demonstrates MAPP's XPS and TDS capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Taylor
- School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Zhu YB, Bortolon A, Heidbrink WW, Celle SL, Roquemore AL. Compact solid-state neutral particle analyzer in current mode. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10D304. [PMID: 23126831 DOI: 10.1063/1.4732070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Solid state neutral particle analyzer (ssNPA) arrays are operated in current mode on the DIII-D tokamak and the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). Compared with conventional pulse-counting NPAs, current-mode operation sacrifices energy resolution to obtain economical, high-bandwidth, pitch-angle resolved measurements. With the success from a new three-channel near-vertical-view current mode ssNPA on DIII-D, the apertures on an existing array on NSTX were expanded to increase the particle influx. The sightlines of both arrays intersect heating beams, enabling both active and passive charge exchange measurements. The spatial resolution at beam intersection is typically 5 cm on both devices. Directly deposited ultra-thin foils on the detector surface block stray photons below the energy of 1 keV and also set low energy threshold about 25 keV for deuterium particle detection. Oscillations in neutral flux produced by high frequency magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) instabilities are readily detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Zhu
- University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA.
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Lepson JK, Beiersdorfer P, Clementson J, Bitter M, Hill KW, Kaita R, Skinner CH, Roquemore AL, Zimmer G. High-resolution time-resolved extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy on NSTX. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10D520. [PMID: 23126861 DOI: 10.1063/1.4731753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on upgrades to the flat-field grazing-incidence grating spectrometers X-ray and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer (XEUS) and Long-Wavelength Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer (LoWEUS), at the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. XEUS employs a variable space grating with an average spacing of 2400 lines/mm and covers the 9-64 Å wavelength band, while LoWEUS has an average spacing of 1200 lines/mm and is positioned to monitor the 90-270 Å wavelength band. Both spectrometers have been upgraded with new cameras that achieve 12.5 ms time resolution. We demonstrate the new time resolution capability by showing the time evolution of iron in the NSTX plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Lepson
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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12
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Scotti F, Roquemore AL, Soukhanovskii VA. Full toroidal imaging of non-axisymmetric plasma material interaction in the National Spherical Torus Experiment divertor. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10E532. [PMID: 23127038 DOI: 10.1063/1.4739510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A pair of two dimensional fast cameras with a wide angle view (allowing a full radial and toroidal coverage of the lower divertor) was installed in the National Spherical Torus Experiment in order to monitor non-axisymmetric effects. A custom polar remapping procedure and an absolute photometric calibration enabled the easier visualization and quantitative analysis of non-axisymmetric plasma material interaction (e.g., strike point splitting due to application of 3D fields and effects of toroidally asymmetric plasma facing components).
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Scotti
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA.
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13
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Pablant NA, Bitter M, Delgado-Aparicio L, Goto M, Hill KW, Lazerson S, Morita S, Roquemore AL, Gates D, Monticello D, Nielson H, Reiman A, Reinke M, Rice JE, Yamada H. Layout and results from the initial operation of the high-resolution x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer on the Large Helical Device. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:083506. [PMID: 22938293 DOI: 10.1063/1.4744935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
First results of ion and electron temperature profile measurements from the x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer (XICS) diagnostic on the Large Helical Device (LHD) are presented. This diagnostic system has been operational since the beginning of the 2011 LHD experimental campaign and is the first application of the XICS diagnostic technique to helical plasma geometry. The XICS diagnostic provides measurements of ion and electron temperature profiles in LHD with a spatial resolution of 2 cm and a maximum time resolution of 5 ms (typically 20 ms). Ion temperature profiles from the XICS diagnostic are possible under conditions where charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) is not possible (high density) or is perturbative to the plasma (low density or radio frequency heated plasmas). Measurements are made by using a spherically bent crystal to provide a spectrally resolved 1D image of the plasma from line integrated emission of helium-like Ar(16 +). The final hardware design and configuration are detailed along with the calibration procedures. Line-integrated ion and electron temperature measurements are presented, and the measurement accuracy is discussed. Finally central temperature measurements from the XICS system are compared to measurements from the Thomson scattering and CXRS systems, showing excellent agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Pablant
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
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14
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Abstract
A novel imaging adaptor providing the capability to extend a standard single-band infrared (IR) camera into a two-color or dual-band device has been developed for application to high-speed IR thermography on the National Spherical Tokamak Experiment (NSTX). Temperature measurement with two-band infrared imaging has the advantage of being mostly independent of surface emissivity, which may vary significantly in the liquid lithium divertor installed on NSTX as compared to that of an all-carbon first wall. In order to take advantage of the high-speed capability of the existing IR camera at NSTX (1.6-6.2 kHz frame rate), a commercial visible-range optical splitter was extensively modified to operate in the medium wavelength and long wavelength IR. This two-band IR adapter utilizes a dichroic beamsplitter, which reflects 4-6 μm wavelengths and transmits 7-10 μm wavelength radiation, each with >95% efficiency and projects each IR channel image side-by-side on the camera's detector. Cutoff filters are used in each IR channel, and ZnSe imaging optics and mirrors optimized for broadband IR use are incorporated into the design. In-situ and ex-situ temperature calibration and preliminary data of the NSTX divertor during plasma discharges are presented, with contrasting results for dual-band vs. single-band IR operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G McLean
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
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15
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Friesen FQL, John B, Skinner CH, Roquemore AL, Calle CI. Evaluation of an electrostatic dust removal system with potential application in next-step fusion devices. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:053502. [PMID: 21639499 DOI: 10.1063/1.3587619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The ability to manage inventories of carbon, tritium, and high-Z elements in fusion plasmas depends on means for effective dust removal. A dust conveyor, based on a moving electrostatic potential well, was tested with particles of tungsten, carbon, glass, and sand. A digital microscope imaged a representative portion of the conveyor, and dust particle size and volume distributions were derived before and after operation. About 10 mm(3) volume of carbon and tungsten particles were moved in under 5 s. The highest driving amplitude tested of 3 kV was the most effective. The optimal driving frequency was 210 Hz (maximum tested) for tungsten particles, decreasing to below 60 Hz for the larger sand particles. Measurements of particle size and volume distributions after 10 and 100 cycles show the breaking apart of agglomerated carbon and the change in particle distribution over short timescales (<1 s).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Q L Friesen
- Grinnell College, 1115 8th Avenue, Grinnell, Iowa 50112-1616, USA
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16
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Rais B, Skinner CH, Roquemore AL. Note: He puff system for dust detector upgrade. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:036102. [PMID: 21456804 DOI: 10.1063/1.3545841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Local detection of surface dust is needed for the safe operation of next-step magnetic fusion devices such as ITER. An electrostatic dust detector, based on a grid of interlocking circuit traces biased to 50 V, has been developed to detect dust on remote surfaces and was successfully tested for the first time on the National Spherical Torus Experiment. In this note, we report a helium puff system that clears residual dust from this detector and any incident debris or fibers that might cause a permanent short circuit. Two consecutive helium puffs delivered by three 0.45 mm nozzles at an angle of 30° cleared the entire 5 cm × 5 cm surface of the detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rais
- Université de Provence, Aix-Marseille, PACA 13001, France
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17
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Clementson J, Beiersdorfer P, Roquemore AL, Skinner CH, Mansfield DK, Hartzfeld K, Lepson JK. Experimental setup for tungsten transport studies at the NSTX tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10E326. [PMID: 21034024 DOI: 10.1063/1.3499607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten particles have been introduced into the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) in Princeton with the purpose to investigate the effects of tungsten injection on subsequent plasma discharges. An experimental setup for the study of tungsten particle transport is described where the particles are introduced into the tokamak using a modified particle dropper, otherwise used for lithium-powder injection. An initial test employing a grazing-incidence extreme ultraviolet spectrometer demonstrates that the tungsten-transport setup could serve to infer particle transport from the edge to the hot central plasmas of NSTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Clementson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
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18
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Soukhanovskii VA, Roquemore AL, Bell RE, Kaita R, Kugel HW. Spectroscopic diagnostics for liquid lithium divertor studies on National Spherical Torus Experiment. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10D723. [PMID: 21033916 DOI: 10.1063/1.3478749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of lithium-coated plasma facing components for plasma density control is studied in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). A recently installed liquid lithium divertor (LLD) module has a porous molybdenum surface, separated by a stainless steel liner from a heated copper substrate. Lithium is deposited on the LLD from two evaporators. Two new spectroscopic diagnostics are installed to study the plasma surface interactions on the LLD: (1) A 20-element absolute extreme ultraviolet (AXUV) diode array with a 6 nm bandpass filter centered at 121.6 nm (the Lyman-α transition) for spatially resolved divertor recycling rate measurements in the highly reflective LLD environment, and (2) an ultraviolet-visible-near infrared R=0.67 m imaging Czerny-Turner spectrometer for spatially resolved divertor D I, Li I-II, C I-IV, Mo I, D(2), LiD, CD emission and ion temperature on and around the LLD module. The use of photometrically calibrated measurements together with atomic physics factors enables studies of recycling and impurity particle fluxes as functions of LLD temperature, ion flux, and divertor geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Soukhanovskii
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA.
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19
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Skinner CH, Rais B, Roquemore AL, Kugel HW, Marsala R, Provost T. First real-time detection of surface dust in a tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10E102. [PMID: 21033967 DOI: 10.1063/1.3464465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The first real-time detection of surface dust inside a tokamak was made using an electrostatic dust detector. A fine grid of interlocking circuit traces was installed in the NSTX vessel and biased to 50 V. Impinging dust particles created a temporary short circuit and the resulting current pulse was recorded by counting electronics. The techniques used to increase the detector sensitivity by a factor of ×10,000 to match NSTX dust levels while suppressing electrical pickup are presented. The results were validated by comparison to laboratory measurements, by the null signal from a covered detector that was only sensitive to pickup, and by the dramatic increase in signal when Li particles were introduced for wall conditioning purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Skinner
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA.
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20
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Bitter M, Hill K, Gates D, Monticello D, Neilson H, Reiman A, Roquemore AL, Morita S, Goto M, Yamada H, Rice JE. Objectives and layout of a high-resolution x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer for the large helical device. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10E328. [PMID: 21034026 DOI: 10.1063/1.3490016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A high-resolution x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer, whose concept was tested on NSTX and Alcator C-Mod, is being designed for the large helical device (LHD). This instrument will record spatially resolved spectra of helium-like Ar(16+) and will provide ion temperature profiles with spatial and temporal resolutions of <2 cm and ≥10 ms, respectively. The spectrometer layout and instrumental features are largely determined by the magnetic field structure of LHD. The stellarator equilibrium reconstruction codes, STELLOPT and PIES, will be used for the tomographic inversion of the spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bitter
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA.
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21
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Kubota S, Peebles WA, Nguyen XV, Crocker NA, Roquemore AL, Holoman T, Guttadora L, Kaita R. A Ka-band tunable direct-conversion correlation reflectometer for NSTX. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10D917. [PMID: 21033949 DOI: 10.1063/1.3490024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The recent availability of broadband microwave quadrature mixers in the Ka-band (28-40 GHz) of frequencies has allowed the fabrication of low-cost direct-conversion detection circuits for use in the variable-frequency correlation reflectometer on the National Spherical Torus eXperiment (NSTX). The quadrature receiver in this case can be implemented as a simple homodyne circuit, without the complication of a single-sideband modulator or a feedforward tracking circuit present in more typical designs. A pair of direct-conversion receivers is coupled with broadband microwave voltage-controlled oscillators to construct a flexible dual-channel radar system with a fast frequency settling time of ∼160 μs. A detailed description of the design and a full characterization of the hardware are provided. Examples of turbulence measurements from radial and poloidal correlation reflectometry on NSTX using a poloidal array of antennas (oriented normal to the magnetic flux surfaces for conventional reflectometry) are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kubota
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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22
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Ahn JW, Maingi R, Mastrovito D, Roquemore AL. High speed infrared camera diagnostic for heat flux measurement in NSTX. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:023501. [PMID: 20192490 DOI: 10.1063/1.3297899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new high speed infrared camera has been successfully implemented and produced first set of heat flux measurements on the lower divertor tiles in the NSTX tokamak. High spatial and temporal resolutions, 6.4 mm and 1.6-6.3 kHz, respectively, enable us to investigate detailed structure of heat flux deposition pattern caused by transient events such as edge localized modes. A comparison of the data with a slow infrared camera viewing the same region of interest shows good agreement between the two independent measurements. Data analysis for various plasma conditions is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-W Ahn
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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23
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Boeglin WU, Roquemore AL, Maqueda R. Three-dimensional reconstruction of dust particle trajectories in the NSTX. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:10F334. [PMID: 19044642 DOI: 10.1063/1.2965001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Highly mobile incandescent dust particles are routinely observed on NSTX using two fast cameras operating in the visible region. An analysis method to reconstruct dust particle trajectories in space using two fast cameras is presented in this paper. Position accuracies of a few millimeters depending on the particle's location have been achieved and particle velocities between 10 and 200 ms have been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W U Boeglin
- Physics Department, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
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24
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Roquemore AL, Zweben SJ, Kaita R, Marsalsa RJ, Bush CE, Maqueda RJ. Diagnostics for the biased electrode experiment on NSTX. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:10F124. [PMID: 19044608 DOI: 10.1063/1.2981166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A linear array of four small biased electrodes was installed in NSTX in an attempt to control the width of the scrape-off layer by creating a strong local poloidal electric field. The set of electrodes was separated poloidally by a 1 cm gap between electrodes and were located slightly below the midplane of NSTX, 1 cm behind the rf antenna, and oriented so that each electrode is facing approximately normal to the magnetic field. Each electrode can be independently biased to +/-100 V. Present power supplies limit the current on two electrodes to 30 A and the other two to 10 A each. The effect of local biasing was measured with a set of Langmuir probes placed between the electrodes and another set extending radially outward from the electrodes, and also by the gas puff imaging diagnostic located 1 m away along the magnetic field lines intersecting the electrodes. Two fast cameras were also aimed directly at the electrode array. The hardware and controls of the biasing experiment will be presented and the initial effects on local plasma parameters will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Roquemore
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
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25
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Rudakov DL, Yu JH, Boedo JA, Hollmann EM, Krasheninnikov SI, Moyer RA, Muller SH, Pigarov AY, Rosenberg M, Smirnov RD, West WP, Boivin RL, Bray BD, Brooks NH, Hyatt AW, Wong CPC, Roquemore AL, Skinner CH, Solomon WM, Ratynskaia S, Fenstermacher ME, Groth M, Lasnier CJ, McLean AG, Stangeby PC. Dust measurements in tokamaks (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:10F303. [PMID: 19044616 DOI: 10.1063/1.2969422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dust production and accumulation present potential safety and operational issues for the ITER. Dust diagnostics can be divided into two groups: diagnostics of dust on surfaces and diagnostics of dust in plasma. Diagnostics from both groups are employed in contemporary tokamaks; new diagnostics suitable for ITER are also being developed and tested. Dust accumulation in ITER is likely to occur in hidden areas, e.g., between tiles and under divertor baffles. A novel electrostatic dust detector for monitoring dust in these regions has been developed and tested at PPPL. In the DIII-D tokamak dust diagnostics include Mie scattering from Nd:YAG lasers, visible imaging, and spectroscopy. Laser scattering is able to resolve particles between 0.16 and 1.6 microm in diameter; using these data the total dust content in the edge plasmas and trends in the dust production rates within this size range have been established. Individual dust particles are observed by visible imaging using fast framing cameras, detecting dust particles of a few microns in diameter and larger. Dust velocities and trajectories can be determined in two-dimension with a single camera or three-dimension using multiple cameras, but determination of particle size is challenging. In order to calibrate diagnostics and benchmark dust dynamics modeling, precharacterized carbon dust has been injected into the lower divertor of DIII-D. Injected dust is seen by cameras, and spectroscopic diagnostics observe an increase in carbon line (CI, CII, C(2) dimer) and thermal continuum emissions from the injected dust. The latter observation can be used in the design of novel dust survey diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Rudakov
- University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
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26
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Medley SS, Donné AJH, Kaita R, Kislyakov AI, Petrov MP, Roquemore AL. Contemporary instrumentation and application of charge exchange neutral particle diagnostics in magnetic fusion energy experiments. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:011101. [PMID: 18248015 DOI: 10.1063/1.2823259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An overview of the developments postcirca 1980s in the instrumentation and application of charge exchange neutral particle diagnostics on magnetic fusion energy experiments is presented. First, spectrometers that employ only electric fields and hence provide ion energy resolution but not mass resolution are discussed. Next, spectrometers that use various geometrical combinations of both electric and magnetic fields to provide both energy and mass resolutions are reviewed. Finally, neutral particle diagnostics based on utilization of time-of-flight techniques are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Medley
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA.
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27
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Maingi R, Bell MG, Bell RE, Bush CE, Fredrickson ED, Gates DA, Kaye SM, Kugel HW, LeBlanc BP, Menard JE, Mueller D, Sabbagh SA, Stutman D, Taylor G, Johnson DW, Kaita R, Maqueda RJ, Ono M, Paoletti F, Paul SF, Peng YKM, Roquemore AL, Skinner CH, Soukhanovskii VA, Synakowski EJ. Characteristics of the first H-mode discharges in the national spherical torus experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:035003. [PMID: 11801067 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.035003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report observations of the first low-to-high ( L-H) confinement mode transitions in the National Spherical Torus Experiment. The H-mode energy confinement time increased over reference discharges transiently by 100-200%, as high as approximately 100 ms. This confinement time is approximately 2 times higher than predicted by a multimachine scaling. Thus the confinement time of spherical tori has been extended to a record high value, leading to an eventual revision of confinement scalings. Finally, the power threshold for H-mode access is >10x higher than predicted by an international scaling from conventional aspect-ratio tokamaks, which could lead to new understanding of H-mode transition dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maingi
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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28
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Fisher RK, McChesney JM, Parks PB, Duong HH, Medley SS, Roquemore AL, Mansfield DK, Budny RV, Petrov MP, Olson RE. Measurements of fast confined alphas on TFTR. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 75:846-849. [PMID: 10060133 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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29
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Efthimion PC, Johnson LC, Strachan JD, Synakowski EJ, Zarnstorff M, Adler H, Barnes C, Budny RV, Jobes FC, Louglin M, McCune D, Mueller D, Ramsey AT, Rewoldt G, Roquemore AL, Tang WM, Taylor G. Tritium particle transport experiments on TFTR during D-T operation. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 75:85-88. [PMID: 10059121 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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30
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Heidbrink WW, Barnes CW, Hammett GW, Kusama Y, Scott SD, Zarnstorff MC, Johnson LC, McCune D, Medley SS, Park HK, Roquemore AL, Strachan JD, Taylor G. The diffusion of fast ions in Ohmic TFTR discharges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.859796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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31
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McGuire K, Arunasalam V, Barnes CW, Bell MG, Bitter M, Boivin R, Bretz NL, Budny R, Bush CE, Cavallo A, Chu TK, Cohen SA, Colestock P, Davis SL, Dimock DL, Dylla HF, Efthimion PC, Ehrhrardt AB, Fonck RJ, Fredrickson E, Furth HP, Gammel G, Goldston RJ, Greene G, Grek B, Grisham LR, Hammett G, Hawryluk RJ, Hendel HW, Hill KW, Hinnov E, Hoffman DJ, Hosea J, Howell RB, Hsuan H, Hulse RA, Janos AC, Jassby D, Jobes F, Johnson DW, Johnson LC, Kaita R, Kieras‐Phillips C, Kilpatrick SJ, LaMarche PH, LeBlanc B, Manos DM, Mansfield DK, Mazzucato E, McCarthy MP, McCune MC, McNeill DH, Meade DM, Medley SS, Mikkelsen DR, Monticello D, Motley R, Mueller D, Murphy JA, Nagayama Y, Nazakian DR, Neischmidt EB, Owens DK, Park H, Park W, Pitcher S, Ramsey AT, Redi MH, Roquemore AL, Rutherford PH, Schilling G, Schivell J, Schmidt GL, Scott SD, Sinnis JC, Stevens J, Stratton BC, Stodiek W, Synakowski EJ, Tang WM, Taylor G, Timberlake JR, Towner HH, Ulrickson M, von Goeler S, Wieland R, Williams M, Wilson JR, Wong K, Yamada M, Yoshikawa S, Young KM, Zarnstorff MC, Zweben SJ. High‐beta operation and magnetohydrodynamic activity on the TFTR tokamak. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.859544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Wong KL, Bitter M, Hammett GW, Heidbrink W, Hendel H, Kaita R, Scott S, Strachan JD, Tait G, Bell MG, Budny R, Bush C, Chan A, Coonrod J, Efthimion PC, England AC, Eubank HP, Fredrickson E, Furth HP, Goldston RJ, Grek B, Grisham L, Hawryluk RJ, Hill KW, Johnson D, Kamperschroer J, Kugel H, Ma C, Mansfield D, Manos D, McCune DC, McGuire K, Medley SS, Mueller D, Nieschmidt E, Owens DK, Paré VK, Park H, Ramsey A, Rasmussen D, Roquemore AL, Schivell J, Sesnic S, Taylor G, Williams MD, Zarnstorff MC. Acceleration of beam ions during major-radius compression in the tokamak fusion test reactor. Phys Rev Lett 1985; 55:2587-2590. [PMID: 10032185 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.55.2587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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