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Monetti A, Donzella A, Ballan M, Centofante L, Corradetti S, Ferrari M, Lilli G, Manzolaro M, Marchi T, Scarpa D, Zangrando L, Zenoni A, Andrighetto A. Study of the radionuclide deposition in the radioactive ion line of the Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) facility. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 204:111121. [PMID: 38016259 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) is a second generation facility for the production of radioactive ion beams that is going to be commissioned at the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro of INFN at Legnaro, Padua, Italy. Radioactive neutron-rich isotopes are expected to be produced by nuclear fission induced by a 40 MeV, 200 μA primary proton beam impinging on a 238UCx target. The expected reaction rate is about 1013 fission/s. Radioactive ion beams are produced using the isotope separation on-line technique. The production of such an amount of radioactive species raises radiological issues throughout the life cycle of the facility. A study of the radioactive contamination of the components of the radioactive ion beam line is performed with the FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation code, under realistic hypotheses for the produced isobaric beams. The present results complete previous studies focused on the radiological impact of the production target irradiation, the residual activation of the primary proton beam line and the radioactive contamination of the ion source complex. The overall ambient dose equivalent rate due to the different radiation sources is calculated at several positions inside the production bunker and at different times after a typical one-year operating period of the facility with the 238UCx target at full power. The obtained results and the developed methodology provide the guidelines and the needed tools to plan ordinary and extraordinary interventions as well as final decommissioning of the SPES facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Monetti
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - A Donzella
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Industriale, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Via A. Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - M Ballan
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - L Centofante
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - S Corradetti
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Ferrari
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - G Lilli
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Tecnica e Gestione dei sistemi industriali, Stradella S. Nicola 3, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - M Manzolaro
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - T Marchi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - D Scarpa
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - L Zangrando
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Zenoni
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Industriale, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Via A. Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A Andrighetto
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Scarpa D, Mariotti E, Khwairakpam OS, Parenti V, Buono A, Nicolosi P, Calderolla M, Khanbekyan A, Ballan M, Centofante L, Corradetti S, Lilli G, Manzolaro M, Monetti A, Morselli L, Andrighetto A. New solid state laser system for SPES: Selective Production of Exotic Species project at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:083001. [PMID: 36050098 DOI: 10.1063/5.0078913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Selective Production of Exotic Species project is under construction at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro-INFN. The aim of the collaboration is to produce highly pure Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) from fission fragments of a uranium carbide (UCx) target activated by a cyclotron proton beam. In order to select a specific atomic species, the main tool to be applied is the resonant laser ionization technique. We have just completed the installation of a dedicated all solid state laser system whose elements are tunable to transitions of all the elements/isotopes of interest for the project. The new laser system is based on three Titanium:sapphire laser sources, independently pumped by three Nd:YLF pump lasers, and it can be coupled to two high harmonic generation (second harmonic generation, third harmonic generation, and fourth harmonic generation) setups. The power, wavelength, and position of the laser beams are continuously monitored and stabilized by using automated active systems to improve the beam production stability of RIBs. This paper presents the main features of the laser system and examples of application of a laser ion source, including a first demonstration of photoionization of stable silver, one of the most requested elements for RIB application.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Scarpa
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - E Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente, sezione di Fisica, Università di Siena 1240, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy - INFN sezione di Pisa
| | - O S Khwairakpam
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - V Parenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente, sezione di Fisica, Università di Siena 1240, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy - INFN sezione di Pisa
| | - A Buono
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente, sezione di Fisica, Università di Siena 1240, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy - INFN sezione di Pisa
| | - P Nicolosi
- Università degli Studi di Padova, LUXOR CNR IFN, Via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Calderolla
- Azienda ULSS n.1, Viale Europa 22, 32100 Belluno, Italy
| | - A Khanbekyan
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Ballan
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - L Centofante
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica ed Industriale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - S Corradetti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - G Lilli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Manzolaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - A Monetti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - L Morselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - A Andrighetto
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Ballan M, Vettorato E, Morselli L, Tosato M, Nardella S, Borgna F, Corradetti S, Monetti A, Lunardon M, Zenoni A, Di Marco V, Realdon N, Andrighetto A. Development of implantation substrates for the collection of radionuclides of medical interest produced via ISOL technique at INFN-LNL. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 175:109795. [PMID: 34087532 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Accelerator-based techniques with electromagnetic mass separation are considered among the most innovative and promising strategies to produce non-conventional radionuclides for nuclear medicine. Such approach was successfully used at CERN, where the dedicated MEDICIS facility was built, and at TRIUMF, where the ISAC radioactive beam facility was used to produce unconventional α-emitters. In such framework, the Legnaro National Laboratories of the Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN-LNL) proposed the ISOLPHARM project (ISOL technique for radioPHARMaceuticals), which will exploit radionuclides producible with the SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) ISOL (Isotope Separation On-Line) facility to develop novel radiopharmaceuticals. The ISOL technique utilizes the irradiation with a primary beam of particles/nuclei of a production target where radionuclides are produced. A radioactive ion beam is subsequently extracted from the production target unit, and transported up to an analyzing magnet, where non-isobaric contaminants are filtered out. The so-obtained purified radioactive beam is dumped onto an implantation substrate, referred as collection target. Then, the desired nuclides can be chemically harvested from the collected isobars, and the isotopically pure atom collection can be employed to radiolabel high specific activity radiopharmaceuticals. Metallic deposition targets in the form of coated metal foils were mostly used at TRIUMF and CERN. At ISOLPHARM, a different approach is under investigation which foresees the use of soluble cold-pressed collection targets, possibly facilitating the chemical purification process of the collected radionuclides. In this study, the production and characterization of some of the ISOLPHARM collection targets is presented, in particular, soluble salts (NaCl and NaNO3) and organic materials widely used for pharmaceutical tablets production are considered. All such materials proved to be potentially suitable as collection targets, since solid samples were easily produced and resulted compatible with the vacuum conditions required for the ion implantation process. Furthermore, some of the selected substrates were used for proof-of-concept deposition tests with stable silver, to prove their suitability as ISOLPHARM deposition substrates for silver-111, a promising candidate for radiotherapy. Such tests highlighted possible scenarios useful for the development of new alternative materials, as the use of insoluble organic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ballan
- Legnaro National Laboratories, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 35020, Legnaro, Italy.
| | - E Vettorato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - L Morselli
- Legnaro National Laboratories, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 35020, Legnaro, Italy; Department of Physics and Earth Science, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Tosato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - S Nardella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - F Borgna
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - S Corradetti
- Legnaro National Laboratories, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - A Monetti
- Legnaro National Laboratories, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - M Lunardon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy; Padova Division, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - A Zenoni
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - V Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - N Realdon
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - A Andrighetto
- Legnaro National Laboratories, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
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Centofante L, Donzella A, Zenoni A, Ferrari M, Ballan M, Corradetti S, D'Agostini F, Lilli G, Manzolaro M, Monetti A, Morselli L, Scarpa D, Andrighetto A. Study of the radioactive contamination of the ion source complex in the Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) facility. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:053304. [PMID: 34243328 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) technique is today established as one of the primary methods to produce high-intensity and high-quality radioactive beams. This technique produces, for a given amount of the desired isotope, many orders of magnitude of other radioactive species. Due to the activation generated by interactions of the primary beam, intense neutron fields, and deposition of the produced radioactive ions inside beam line elements, an ISOL facility in operation becomes an intense radioactive source. Therefore, the biological hazard imposes severe radiological safety challenges to the design, operation, maintenance, and final decommissioning of such facilities. A challenging component is the ion source complex, where the ion extraction electrode provides the extraction of radioactive ions from the ion source and the first acceleration to the extracted beam. The radioactive contamination of this sub-component is studied, by means of the FLUKA code, in the case of the Selective Production of Exotic Species facility, which is in the advanced construction phase at Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Padua, Italy. The developed model includes isotope production by the interactions of a 40 MeV energy proton beam on a 238UCx target, selection of radioactive isotopes that are able to stick on the electrode tip, time evolution of the deposited isotopes during the operation and cooling periods before maintenance interventions, and evaluation of the ambient dose equivalent rate generated by the contamination of the electrode tip. Based on these results, the possibility of manual interventions for maintenance and emergency vs the use of remote handling systems is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Centofante
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Industriale, via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - A Donzella
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Industriale, via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - A Zenoni
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Industriale, via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - M Ferrari
- CERN, CH 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - M Ballan
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - S Corradetti
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - F D'Agostini
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - G Lilli
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Manzolaro
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - A Monetti
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - L Morselli
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - D Scarpa
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - A Andrighetto
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Andrighetto A, Borgna F, Ballan M, Corradetti S, Vettorato E, Monetti A, Rossignoli M, Manzolaro M, Scarpa D, Prete G, Realdon N. The ISOLPHARM project: A New ISOL production method of high specific activity beta-emitting radionuclides as radiopharmaceutical precursors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s2010194518601035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ISOLPHARM project explores the feasibility of exploiting an innovative technology to produce extremely high specific activity beta-emitting radionuclides as radiopharmaceutical precursors. This technique is expected to produce radiopharmaceuticals that are virtually mainly impossible to obtain in standard production facilities, at lower cost and with less environmental impact than traditional techniques. The groundbreaking ISOLPHARM method investigated in this project has been granted an international patent (INFN). As a component of the SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) project at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare–Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (INFN–LNL), a new facility will produce radioactive ion beams of neutron-rich nuclei with high purity and a mass range of 80–160 amu. The radioactive isotopes will result from nuclear reactions induced by accelerating 40 MeV protons in a cyclotron to collide on a target of UC[Formula: see text]. The uranium in the target material will be [Formula: see text]U, yielding radioactive isotopes that belong to elements with an atomic number between 28 and 57. Isotope separation on line (ISOL) is adopted in the ISOLPHARM project to obtain pure isobaric beams for radiopharmaceutical applications, with no isotopic contaminations in the beam or subsequent trapping substrate. Isobaric contaminations may potentially affect radiochemical and radionuclide purity, but proper methods to separate chemically different elements can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Andrighetto
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università, 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - F. Borgna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 5, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - M. Ballan
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università, 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - S. Corradetti
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università, 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - E. Vettorato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 5, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - A. Monetti
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università, 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M. Rossignoli
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università, 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M. Manzolaro
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università, 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - D. Scarpa
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università, 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - G. Prete
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università, 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - N. Realdon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 5, 35100 Padova, Italy
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Andrighetto A, Manzolaro M, Corradetti S, Scarpa D, Monetti A, Rossignoli M, Ballan M, Borgna F, D’Agostini F, Gramegna F, Prete G, Meneghetti G, Ferrari M, Zenoni A. Spes: An intense source of Neutron-Rich Radioactive Beams at Legnaro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/966/1/012028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Zenoni A, Bignotti F, Donzella A, Donzella G, Ferrari M, Pandini S, Andrighetto A, Ballan M, Corradetti S, Manzolaro M, Monetti A, Rossignoli M, Scarpa D, Alloni D, Prata M, Salvini A, Zelaschi F. Radiation resistance of elastomeric O-rings in mixed neutron and gamma fields: Testing methodology and experimental results. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:113304. [PMID: 29195412 DOI: 10.1063/1.5011035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Materials and components employed in the presence of intense neutron and gamma fields are expected to absorb high dose levels that may induce deep modifications of their physical and mechanical properties, possibly causing loss of their function. A protocol for irradiating elastomeric materials in reactor mixed neutron and gamma fields and for testing the evolution of their main mechanical and physical properties with absorbed dose has been developed. Four elastomeric compounds used for vacuum O-rings, one fluoroelastomer polymer (FPM) based and three ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) based, presently available on the market have been selected for the test. One EPDM is rated as radiation resistant in gamma fields, while the other elastomers are general purpose products. Particular care has been devoted to dosimetry calculations, since absorbed dose in neutron fields, unlike pure gamma fields, is strongly dependent on the material composition and, in particular, on the hydrogen content. The products have been tested up to about 2 MGy absorbed dose. The FPM based elastomer, in spite of its lower dose absorption in fast neutron fields, features the largest variations of properties, with a dramatic increase in stiffness and brittleness. Out of the three EPDM based compounds, one shows large and rapid changes in the main mechanical properties, whereas the other two feature more stable behaviors. The performance of the EPDM rated as radiation resistant in pure gamma fields does not appear significantly better than that of the standard product. The predictive capability of the accelerated irradiation tests performed as well as the applicable concepts of threshold of radiation damage is discussed in view of the use of the examined products in the selective production of exotic species facility, now under construction at the Legnaro National Laboratories of the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare. It results that a careful account of dose rate effects and oxygen penetration in the material, both during test irradiations and in operating conditions, is needed to obtain reliable predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zenoni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - F Bignotti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - A Donzella
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - G Donzella
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - M Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - S Pandini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - A Andrighetto
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro dell'INFN, Viale dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Ballan
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro dell'INFN, Viale dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - S Corradetti
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro dell'INFN, Viale dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Manzolaro
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro dell'INFN, Viale dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - A Monetti
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro dell'INFN, Viale dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Rossignoli
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro dell'INFN, Viale dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - D Scarpa
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro dell'INFN, Viale dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - D Alloni
- Laboratorio Energia Nucleare Applicata LENA, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Aselli 41, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - M Prata
- Laboratorio Energia Nucleare Applicata LENA, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Aselli 41, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A Salvini
- Laboratorio Energia Nucleare Applicata LENA, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Aselli 41, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - F Zelaschi
- Laboratorio Energia Nucleare Applicata LENA, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Aselli 41, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
Ion sources and target systems play a crucial role in isotope separation on line facilities, determining the main characteristics of the radioactive ion beams available for experiments. In the context of the selective production of exotic species (SPES) facility, a 40 MeV, 200 μA proton beam directly impinges a uranium carbide target, generating approximately 1013 fissions per second. The radioactive isotopes produced by the 238U fissions are delivered to the 1+ ion source by means of a tubular transfer line. Here they can be ionized and subsequently accelerated toward the experimental areas. In this work, the characterization of the surface ionization source currently adopted for the SPES facility is presented, taking as a reference ionization efficiency and transversal emittance measurements. The effects of long term operation at high temperature are also illustrated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manzolaro
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Universita' 2, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - F D'Agostini
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Universita' 2, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - A Monetti
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Universita' 2, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - A Andrighetto
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Universita' 2, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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de Angelis G, Prete G, Andrigetto A, Manzolaro M, Corradetti S, Scarpa D, Rossignoli M, Monetti A, Lollo M, Calderolla M, Vasquez J, Zafiropoulos D, Sarchiapone L, Benini D, Favaron P, Rigato M, Pegoraro R, Maniero D, Calabretta L, Comunian M, Maggiore M, Lombardi A, Porcellato AM, Roncolato C, Bisoffi G, Pisent A, Galatà A, Giacchini M, Bassato G, Canella S, Gramegna F, Valiente J, Bermudez J, Mastinu PF, Esposito J, Wyss J, Russo A, Zanella S. The SPES radioactive ion beam project of LNL: status and perspectives. EPJ Web of Conferences 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201610701001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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de Angelis G, Prete G, Andrighetto A, Manzolaro M, Corradetti S, Scarpa D, Rossignoli M, Monetti A, Lollo M, Calderolla M, Vasquez J, Zafiropoulos D, Sarchiapone L, Benini D, Favaron P, Rigato M, Pegoraro R, Maniero D, Calabretta L, Comunian M, Maggiore M, Lombardi A, Piazza L, Porcellato A, Roncolato C, Bisoffi G, Pisent A, Galatà A, Giacchini M, Bassato G, Canella S, Gramegna F, Valiente J, Bermudez J, Mastinu P, Esposito J, Wyss J, Russo A, Zanella S. The SPES project of INFN: Facility and detectors. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158800011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Pretea G, Andrighetto A, Manzolaro M, Corradetti S, Scarpa D, Rossignoli M, Monetti A, Lollo M, Calderolla M, Vasquez J, Zafiropoulos D, Sarchiapone L, Benini D, Favaron P, Rigato M, Pegoraro R, Maniero D, Calabretta L, Comunian M, Maggiore M, Lombardi A, Piazza L, Porcellato A, Roncolato C, Bisoffi G, Pisent A, Galatà A, Giacchini M, Bassato G, Canella S, Gramegna F, Valiente J, Bermudez J, Mastinu P, Esposito J, Wyss J, Zanella S. The SPES project at the INFN- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146611030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Manzolaro M, Andrighetto A, Meneghetti G, Monetti A, Scarpa D, Rossignoli M, Vasquez J, Corradetti S, Calderolla M, Prete G. Ongoing characterization of the forced electron beam induced arc discharge ion source for the selective production of exotic species facility. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:02B918. [PMID: 24593623 DOI: 10.1063/1.4857175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An intense research and development activity to finalize the design of the target ion source system for the selective production of exotic species (SPES) facility (operating according to the isotope separation on line technique) is at present ongoing at Legnaro National Laboratories. In particular, the characterization of ion sources in terms of ionization efficiency and transversal emittance is currently in progress, and a preliminary set of data is already available. In this work, the off-line ionization efficiency and emittance measurements for the SPES forced electron beam induced arc discharge ion source in the case of a stable Ar beam are presented in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manzolaro
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Universita' 2 - 35020 Legnaro, Padova,Italy
| | - A Andrighetto
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Universita' 2 - 35020 Legnaro, Padova,Italy
| | - G Meneghetti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1 - 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Monetti
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Universita' 2 - 35020 Legnaro, Padova,Italy
| | - D Scarpa
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Universita' 2 - 35020 Legnaro, Padova,Italy
| | - M Rossignoli
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Universita' 2 - 35020 Legnaro, Padova,Italy
| | - J Vasquez
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Universita' 2 - 35020 Legnaro, Padova,Italy
| | - S Corradetti
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Universita' 2 - 35020 Legnaro, Padova,Italy
| | - M Calderolla
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Universita' 2 - 35020 Legnaro, Padova,Italy
| | - G Prete
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Universita' 2 - 35020 Legnaro, Padova,Italy
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Scarpa D, Makhathini L, Tomaselli A, Grassi D, Corradetti S, Manzolaro M, Vasquez J, Calderolla M, Rossignoli M, Monetti A, Andrighetto A, Prete G. Photo-ionization of aluminum in a hot cavity for the selective production of exotic species project. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:02B908. [PMID: 24593613 DOI: 10.1063/1.4828722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) is an Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) based accelerator facility that will be built in the Legnaro-Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Laboratory (Italy), intended to provide intense neutron-rich radioactive ion beams obtained by proton-induced fission of a uranium carbide (UCx) target. Besides this main target material, silicon carbide (SiC) will be the first to be used to deliver p-rich beams. This target will also validate the functionality of the SPES facility with aluminum beam as result of impinging SiC target with proton beam. In the past, off line studies on laser photoionization of aluminum have been performed in Pavia Spectroscopy Laboratory and in Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro; a XeCl excimer laser was installed in order to test the laser ionization in the SPES hot cavity. With the new Wien filter installed a better characterization of the ionization process in terms of efficiency was performed and results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Scarpa
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | | | - A Tomaselli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia, Italy
| | - D Grassi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Corradetti
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Manzolaro
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - J Vasquez
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Calderolla
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Rossignoli
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - A Monetti
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - A Andrighetto
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - G Prete
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Mattivi F, Monetti A, Vrhovsek U, Tonon D, Andrés-Lacueva C. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the riboflavin concentration in white wines for predicting their resistance to light. J Chromatogr A 2000; 888:121-7. [PMID: 10949479 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This research paper describes a new application in the field of quality control of white wine. A high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of riboflavin was used together with a simple sensorial test to produce a classification of wines, rating their susceptibility to exposure to light. Based on a wide survey covering 85 commercial white wines of different varieties in three countries (Italy, Spain and Slovenia), an average value of riboflavin of 98.63 microg/l with a rather high standard deviation of 41.91 microg/l, and a normal distribution was obtained. Our statistical study of the frequency distribution of the sensorial scores of light-exposed wines by means of the Expectation-Maximization algorithm demonstrated that a large majority (71%) of these products were susceptible to the light, 31% of them belonging to the most severely affected group. Content of riboflavin was correlated with severity of appearance of the off-flavor in light-exposed white wines. These methods are directly applicable in the quality control of wine, being a valuable aid for oenologists in choosing appropriate fining protocols to reduce the appearance of the undesired "sunlight flavor" in bottled products.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mattivi
- Istituto Agrario di S. Michele, Dip. Laboratorio Analisi e Ricerche, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy.
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Versini G, Monetti A, Reniero F. Monitoring Authenticity and Regional Origin of Wines by Natural Stable Isotope Ratios Analysis. ACS Symposium Series 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-1997-0661.ch010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F. Reniero
- Current address: EC Joint Research Centre, TP 740, 21020 Ispra, VA, Italy
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Marocco Muttini C, Monetti A. [Maternal personality and role in the rehabilitation of physically handicapped subjects]. Minerva Psichiatr 1993; 34:85-94. [PMID: 7692208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The paper focuses on the importance of affective relations within the handicapped child's family during rehabilitation. In particular, the personality of the mother, as expressed for example through her pedagogical approach and emotive attitude, is correlated to the degree of success of the re-educational programme. Twelve children with neurological handicaps were monitored during a programme of rehabilitative physiotherapy. The mother-child relations were studied, focusing on the mother's difficulty in accepting her child's situation and adequately responding to the child's requirements, with the aim of identifying those instruments which promote, as far as possible, "separation" and autonomy. The study underlines the need for a medical team with which the parents can communicate both to obtain correct information and to diminish their anxiety in order to facilitate therapy and also establish a more satisfactory relationship with the handicapped child.
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