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Angelopoulos V, Zhang XJ, Artemyev AV, Mourenas D, Tsai E, Wilkins C, Runov A, Liu J, Turner DL, Li W, Khurana K, Wirz RE, Sergeev VA, Meng X, Wu J, Hartinger MD, Raita T, Shen Y, An X, Shi X, Bashir MF, Shen X, Gan L, Qin M, Capannolo L, Ma Q, Russell CL, Masongsong EV, Caron R, He I, Iglesias L, Jha S, King J, Kumar S, Le K, Mao J, McDermott A, Nguyen K, Norris A, Palla A, Roosnovo A, Tam J, Xie E, Yap RC, Ye S, Young C, Adair LA, Shaffer C, Chung M, Cruce P, Lawson M, Leneman D, Allen M, Anderson M, Arreola-Zamora M, Artinger J, Asher J, Branchevsky D, Cliffe M, Colton K, Costello C, Depe D, Domae BW, Eldin S, Fitzgibbon L, Flemming A, Frederick DM, Gilbert A, Hesford B, Krieger R, Lian K, McKinney E, Miller JP, Pedersen C, Qu Z, Rozario R, Rubly M, Seaton R, Subramanian A, Sundin SR, Tan A, Thomlinson D, Turner W, Wing G, Wong C, Zarifian A. Energetic Electron Precipitation Driven by Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves from ELFIN's Low Altitude Perspective. Space Sci Rev 2023; 219:37. [PMID: 37448777 PMCID: PMC10335998 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-023-00984-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
We review comprehensive observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave-driven energetic electron precipitation using data collected by the energetic electron detector on the Electron Losses and Fields InvestigatioN (ELFIN) mission, two polar-orbiting low-altitude spinning CubeSats, measuring 50-5000 keV electrons with good pitch-angle and energy resolution. EMIC wave-driven precipitation exhibits a distinct signature in energy-spectrograms of the precipitating-to-trapped flux ratio: peaks at >0.5 MeV which are abrupt (bursty) (lasting ∼17 s, or Δ L ∼ 0.56 ) with significant substructure (occasionally down to sub-second timescale). We attribute the bursty nature of the precipitation to the spatial extent and structuredness of the wave field at the equator. Multiple ELFIN passes over the same MLT sector allow us to study the spatial and temporal evolution of the EMIC wave - electron interaction region. Case studies employing conjugate ground-based or equatorial observations of the EMIC waves reveal that the energy of moderate and strong precipitation at ELFIN approximately agrees with theoretical expectations for cyclotron resonant interactions in a cold plasma. Using multiple years of ELFIN data uniformly distributed in local time, we assemble a statistical database of ∼50 events of strong EMIC wave-driven precipitation. Most reside at L ∼ 5 - 7 at dusk, while a smaller subset exists at L ∼ 8 - 12 at post-midnight. The energies of the peak-precipitation ratio and of the half-peak precipitation ratio (our proxy for the minimum resonance energy) exhibit an L -shell dependence in good agreement with theoretical estimates based on prior statistical observations of EMIC wave power spectra. The precipitation ratio's spectral shape for the most intense events has an exponential falloff away from the peak (i.e., on either side of ∼ 1.45 MeV). It too agrees well with quasi-linear diffusion theory based on prior statistics of wave spectra. It should be noted though that this diffusive treatment likely includes effects from nonlinear resonant interactions (especially at high energies) and nonresonant effects from sharp wave packet edges (at low energies). Sub-MeV electron precipitation observed concurrently with strong EMIC wave-driven >1 MeV precipitation has a spectral shape that is consistent with efficient pitch-angle scattering down to ∼ 200-300 keV by much less intense higher frequency EMIC waves at dusk (where such waves are most frequent). At ∼100 keV, whistler-mode chorus may be implicated in concurrent precipitation. These results confirm the critical role of EMIC waves in driving relativistic electron losses. Nonlinear effects may abound and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Angelopoulos
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - X.-J. Zhang
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA
| | - A. V. Artemyev
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | | | - E. Tsai
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - C. Wilkins
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - A. Runov
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - J. Liu
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Departments, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - D. L. Turner
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland USA
| | - W. Li
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Departments, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - K. Khurana
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - R. E. Wirz
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - V. A. Sergeev
- University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - X. Meng
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - J. Wu
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - M. D. Hartinger
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301 USA
| | - T. Raita
- Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Sodankylä, Finland
| | - Y. Shen
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - X. An
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - X. Shi
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - M. F. Bashir
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - X. Shen
- Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - L. Gan
- Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - M. Qin
- Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - L. Capannolo
- Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Q. Ma
- Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - C. L. Russell
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - E. V. Masongsong
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - R. Caron
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - I. He
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - L. Iglesias
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Deloitte Consulting, New York, NY 10112 USA
| | - S. Jha
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Microsoft, Redmond, WA 98052 USA
| | - J. King
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - S. Kumar
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - K. Le
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - J. Mao
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Raybeam, Inc., Mountain View, CA 94041 USA
| | - A. McDermott
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - K. Nguyen
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA
| | - A. Norris
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - A. Palla
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Reliable Robotics Corporation, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA
| | - A. Roosnovo
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - J. Tam
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - E. Xie
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Deloitte Consulting, New York, NY 10112 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - R. C. Yap
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mathematics Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Planet Labs, PBC, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
| | - S. Ye
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - C. Young
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Microsoft, Redmond, WA 98052 USA
| | - L. A. Adair
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: KSAT, Inc., Denver, CO 80231 USA
| | - C. Shaffer
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc., Irvine, CA 92618 USA
| | - M. Chung
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
| | - P. Cruce
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Apple, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA
| | - M. Lawson
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - D. Leneman
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - M. Allen
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Zipline International, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - M. Anderson
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mathematics Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Lucid Motors, Newark, CA 94560 USA
| | - M. Arreola-Zamora
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
| | - J. Artinger
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: College of Engineering and Computer Science, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
| | - J. Asher
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
| | - D. Branchevsky
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - M. Cliffe
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - K. Colton
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mathematics Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Planet Labs, PBC, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
| | - C. Costello
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Heliogen, Pasadena, CA 91103 USA
| | - D. Depe
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Argo AI, LLC, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA
| | - B. W. Domae
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - S. Eldin
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Microsoft, Redmond, WA 98052 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - L. Fitzgibbon
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Terran Orbital, Irvine, CA 92618 USA
| | - A. Flemming
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
| | - D. M. Frederick
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Millenium Space Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
| | - A. Gilbert
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - B. Hesford
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - R. Krieger
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Mercedes-Benz Research and Development North America, Long Beach, CA 90810 USA
| | - K. Lian
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
| | - E. McKinney
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Geosyntec Consultants, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA
| | - J. P. Miller
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Juniper Networks Sunnyvale, California, 94089 USA
| | - C. Pedersen
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Z. Qu
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Niantic Inc., San Francisco, CA 94111 USA
| | - R. Rozario
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA
| | - M. Rubly
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Teledyne Scientific and Imaging, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA
| | - R. Seaton
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - A. Subramanian
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - S. R. Sundin
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Naval Surface Warfare Center Corona Division, Norco, CA 92860 USA
| | - A. Tan
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Epirus Inc., Torrance, CA 90501 USA
| | - D. Thomlinson
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
| | - W. Turner
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - G. Wing
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Amazon, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - C. Wong
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - A. Zarifian
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
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Yi Y, Sun X, Liang B, Wu P, Wang H, Norris A, Engelhardt J. 628: Abnormalities in glucose metabolism differ between early and late onset of CF pancreatitis in CFTR-G551D-KI ferrets. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)02051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Muzyczka Z, Brenner-Levoy J, Turner AN, Norris A, Bessett D. POSTER ABSTRACTS. Contraception 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Beckmeyer A, Brenner-Levoy J, Hill J, Turner AN, Norris A, Bessett D, Rivlin K. POSTER ABSTRACTS. Contraception 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2021.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chakraborty P, Gallo M, Smith M, Hood R, Nawaz S, Chettri S, Norris A, Casterline J, Turner A. P67 Non-use of preferred contraceptive method among contracepting women in Ohio. Contraception 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Angelopoulos V, Tsai E, Bingley L, Shaffer C, Turner DL, Runov A, Li W, Liu J, Artemyev AV, Zhang XJ, Strangeway RJ, Wirz RE, Shprits YY, Sergeev VA, Caron RP, Chung M, Cruce P, Greer W, Grimes E, Hector K, Lawson MJ, Leneman D, Masongsong EV, Russell CL, Wilkins C, Hinkley D, Blake JB, Adair N, Allen M, Anderson M, Arreola-Zamora M, Artinger J, Asher J, Branchevsky D, Capitelli MR, Castro R, Chao G, Chung N, Cliffe M, Colton K, Costello C, Depe D, Domae BW, Eldin S, Fitzgibbon L, Flemming A, Fox I, Frederick DM, Gilbert A, Gildemeister A, Gonzalez A, Hesford B, Jha S, Kang N, King J, Krieger R, Lian K, Mao J, McKinney E, Miller JP, Norris A, Nuesca M, Palla A, Park ESY, Pedersen CE, Qu Z, Rozario R, Rye E, Seaton R, Subramanian A, Sundin SR, Tan A, Turner W, Villegas AJ, Wasden M, Wing G, Wong C, Xie E, Yamamoto S, Yap R, Zarifian A, Zhang GY. The ELFIN Mission. Space Sci Rev 2020; 216:103. [PMID: 32831412 PMCID: PMC7413588 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-020-00721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Electron Loss and Fields Investigation with a Spatio-Temporal Ambiguity-Resolving option (ELFIN-STAR, or heretoforth simply: ELFIN) mission comprises two identical 3-Unit (3U) CubeSats on a polar (∼93∘ inclination), nearly circular, low-Earth (∼450 km altitude) orbit. Launched on September 15, 2018, ELFIN is expected to have a >2.5 year lifetime. Its primary science objective is to resolve the mechanism of storm-time relativistic electron precipitation, for which electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are a prime candidate. From its ionospheric vantage point, ELFIN uses its unique pitch-angle-resolving capability to determine whether measured relativistic electron pitch-angle and energy spectra within the loss cone bear the characteristic signatures of scattering by EMIC waves or whether such scattering may be due to other processes. Pairing identical ELFIN satellites with slowly-variable along-track separation allows disambiguation of spatial and temporal evolution of the precipitation over minutes-to-tens-of-minutes timescales, faster than the orbit period of a single low-altitude satellite (Torbit ∼ 90 min). Each satellite carries an energetic particle detector for electrons (EPDE) that measures 50 keV to 5 MeV electrons with Δ E/E < 40% and a fluxgate magnetometer (FGM) on a ∼72 cm boom that measures magnetic field waves (e.g., EMIC waves) in the range from DC to 5 Hz Nyquist (nominally) with <0.3 nT/sqrt(Hz) noise at 1 Hz. The spinning satellites (Tspin ∼ 3 s) are equipped with magnetorquers (air coils) that permit spin-up or -down and reorientation maneuvers. Using those, the spin axis is placed normal to the orbit plane (nominally), allowing full pitch-angle resolution twice per spin. An energetic particle detector for ions (EPDI) measures 250 keV - 5 MeV ions, addressing secondary science. Funded initially by CalSpace and the University Nanosat Program, ELFIN was selected for flight with joint support from NSF and NASA between 2014 and 2018 and launched by the ELaNa XVIII program on a Delta II rocket (with IceSatII as the primary). Mission operations are currently funded by NASA. Working under experienced UCLA mentors, with advice from The Aerospace Corporation and NASA personnel, more than 250 undergraduates have matured the ELFIN implementation strategy; developed the instruments, satellite, and ground systems and operate the two satellites. ELFIN's already high potential for cutting-edge science return is compounded by concurrent equatorial Heliophysics missions (THEMIS, Arase, Van Allen Probes, MMS) and ground stations. ELFIN's integrated data analysis approach, rapid dissemination strategies via the SPace Environment Data Analysis System (SPEDAS), and data coordination with the Heliophysics/Geospace System Observatory (H/GSO) optimize science yield, enabling the widest community benefits. Several storm-time events have already been captured and are presented herein to demonstrate ELFIN's data analysis methods and potential. These form the basis of on-going studies to resolve the primary mission science objective. Broad energy precipitation events, precipitation bands, and microbursts, clearly seen both at dawn and dusk, extend from tens of keV to >1 MeV. This broad energy range of precipitation indicates that multiple waves are providing scattering concurrently. Many observed events show significant backscattered fluxes, which in the past were hard to resolve by equatorial spacecraft or non-pitch-angle-resolving ionospheric missions. These observations suggest that the ionosphere plays a significant role in modifying magnetospheric electron fluxes and wave-particle interactions. Routine data captures starting in February 2020 and lasting for at least another year, approximately the remainder of the mission lifetime, are expected to provide a very rich dataset to address questions even beyond the primary mission science objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Angelopoulos
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - E Tsai
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - L Bingley
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - C Shaffer
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc., Irvine, CA 92618 USA
| | - D L Turner
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
| | - A Runov
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - W Li
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - J Liu
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - A V Artemyev
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - X-J Zhang
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - R J Strangeway
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - R E Wirz
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Y Y Shprits
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, 14473 Germany
| | - V A Sergeev
- Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
| | - R P Caron
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - M Chung
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
| | - P Cruce
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
| | - W Greer
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - E Grimes
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - K Hector
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
| | - M J Lawson
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - D Leneman
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - E V Masongsong
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - C L Russell
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - C Wilkins
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - D Hinkley
- The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
| | - J B Blake
- The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
| | - N Adair
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Millenium Space Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - M Allen
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
| | - M Anderson
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Aptiv, Agoura Hills, CA 91301 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - M Arreola-Zamora
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - J Artinger
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - J Asher
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
| | - D Branchevsky
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - M R Capitelli
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Millenium Space Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - R Castro
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
| | - G Chao
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: The Boeing Company, Long Beach, CA 90808 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - N Chung
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: SF Motors, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - M Cliffe
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - K Colton
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Planet Labs, Inc., San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - C Costello
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - D Depe
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - B W Domae
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - S Eldin
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - L Fitzgibbon
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc., Irvine, CA 92618 USA
| | - A Flemming
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
| | - I Fox
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - D M Frederick
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Millenium Space Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - A Gilbert
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - A Gildemeister
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
| | - A Gonzalez
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - B Hesford
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - S Jha
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - N Kang
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Millenium Space Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - J King
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - R Krieger
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Mercedes-Benz Research and Development North America, Long Beach, CA 90810 USA
| | - K Lian
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
| | - J Mao
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Verona, WI 53593 USA
| | - E McKinney
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768 USA
| | - J P Miller
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - A Norris
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - M Nuesca
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - A Palla
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - E S Y Park
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Economics Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - C E Pedersen
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Z Qu
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - R Rozario
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - E Rye
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - R Seaton
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - A Subramanian
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
| | - S R Sundin
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc., Irvine, CA 92618 USA
| | - A Tan
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Experior Laboratories, Oxnard, CA 93033 USA
| | - W Turner
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - A J Villegas
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - M Wasden
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - G Wing
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - C Wong
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - E Xie
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - S Yamamoto
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - R Yap
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Mathematics Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - A Zarifian
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - G Y Zhang
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Qualcomm, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
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Aggarwal S, Norris A. Professional attitudes to a ‘smart’ tracheal tube: report of a survey of Difficult Airway Society delegates in 2018. Br J Anaesth 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Morgan SP, Canfarotta F, Piletska EV, Grillo F, Korposh S, Liu L, Hernandez FU, Correia R, Norris A, Sinha R, Hayes-Gill BR, Piletsky SA. Optical fiber sensors for monitoring in critical care. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:1139-1143. [PMID: 31946095 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring of key physiological and pharmacological parameters is an important part of a closed loop control system in critical care. Optical fiber sensors provide a versatile platform technology that can be easily incorporated into existing in-dwelling catheters or face masks. With appropriate functional coatings they can be used to monitor a range of relevant parameters and two different examples are presented: (i) respiration monitoring; (ii) drug level monitoring. Respiration monitoring involves monitoring of temperature and humidity in inhaled and exhaled breath. The optical fiber sensor consists of a fiber Bragg grating to measure temperature and a tip coating whose refractive index changes with humidity. The sensor is demonstrated to be able to track breath to breath changes when incorporated into a mask. Drug level monitoring is demonstrated in vitro using a long period grating coated with molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles that are sensitive to fentanyl. The sensor has a limit of detection of 50ng/ml.
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Norris A, Crossland W, Tedeschi L, Foster J, Muir J, Pinchak W. 419 Effect of Differing Rates of Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) Extract provided in a Limit-Fed High Roughage Total Mixed Ration Upon Digestibility and Nitrogen Balance. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Norris
- Texas A&M University, College Station,College Station, TX, United States
| | - W Crossland
- Texas Tech University,Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - L Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University-College Station,College Station, TX, United States
| | - J Foster
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research,Beeville, College station, TX, United States
| | - J Muir
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research,Stephenville, TX, United States
| | - W Pinchak
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research,Beeville, College station, TX, United States
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Norris
- Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust; Nottingham UK
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Houghton F, Norris A. Credibility, integrity, transparency & courage: The Haitian Cholera outbreak and the United Nations (UN). J Infect Public Health 2017; 11:140-141. [PMID: 28209469 PMCID: PMC7128315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Houghton
- Department of Public Health & Health Promotion, Eastern Washington University, United States.
| | - A Norris
- Department of Public Health & Health Promotion, Eastern Washington University, United States
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Yáñez JM, Naswa S, López ME, Bassini L, Correa K, Gilbey J, Bernatchez L, Norris A, Neira R, Lhorente JP, Schnable PS, Newman S, Mileham A, Deeb N, Di Genova A, Maass A. Genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism discovery in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): validation in wild and farmed American and European populations. Mol Ecol Resour 2016; 16:1002-11. [PMID: 26849107 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A considerable number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are required to elucidate genotype-phenotype associations and determine the molecular basis of important traits. In this work, we carried out de novo SNP discovery accounting for both genome duplication and genetic variation from American and European salmon populations. A total of 9 736 473 nonredundant SNPs were identified across a set of 20 fish by whole-genome sequencing. After applying six bioinformatic filtering steps, 200 K SNPs were selected to develop an Affymetrix Axiom(®) myDesign Custom Array. This array was used to genotype 480 fish representing wild and farmed salmon from Europe, North America and Chile. A total of 159 099 (79.6%) SNPs were validated as high quality based on clustering properties. A total of 151 509 validated SNPs showed a unique position in the genome. When comparing these SNPs against 238 572 markers currently available in two other Atlantic salmon arrays, only 4.6% of the SNP overlapped with the panel developed in this study. This novel high-density SNP panel will be very useful for the dissection of economically and ecologically relevant traits, enhancing breeding programmes through genomic selection as well as supporting genetic studies in both wild and farmed populations of Atlantic salmon using high-resolution genomewide information.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Yáñez
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago, Chile.,Aquainnovo, Talca 60, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - S Naswa
- Genus plc, 100 Bluegrass Commons Blvd. Suite 2200, Hendersonville, TN 37075, USA
| | - M E López
- Aquainnovo, Talca 60, Puerto Montt, Chile.,Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Bassini
- Aquainnovo, Talca 60, Puerto Montt, Chile.,Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago, Chile
| | - K Correa
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago, Chile.,Aquainnovo, Talca 60, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - J Gilbey
- Marine Scotland Science, Freshwater Fisheries Laboratory, Faskally, Pitlochry, PH16 5LB, Scotland, UK
| | - L Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - A Norris
- Marine Harvest, Kindrum, Fanad, C. Donegal, Ireland
| | - R Neira
- Aquainnovo, Talca 60, Puerto Montt, Chile.,Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - P S Schnable
- Data2Bio LLC, Ames, IA 50011, USA.,Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - S Newman
- Genus plc, 100 Bluegrass Commons Blvd. Suite 2200, Hendersonville, TN 37075, USA
| | - A Mileham
- Genus plc, 1525 River Road, DeForest, WI 53532, USA
| | - N Deeb
- Genus plc, 100 Bluegrass Commons Blvd. Suite 2200, Hendersonville, TN 37075, USA
| | - A Di Genova
- Fondap Center for Genome Regulation, Av. Blanco Encalada 2085, 3rd floor, Santiago, Chile.,Mathomics Bioinformatics Laboratory, Center for Mathematical Modeling and Center for Genome Regulation, University of Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2120, 7th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Maass
- Fondap Center for Genome Regulation, Av. Blanco Encalada 2085, 3rd floor, Santiago, Chile.,Mathomics Bioinformatics Laboratory, Center for Mathematical Modeling and Center for Genome Regulation, University of Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2120, 7th floor, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Mathematical Engineering, University of Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2120, 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
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Norris A, Bessett D, Esber A, Littman L, Serpico J, Kavanaugh M. Do the know-it-alls actually know? Comparing perceived and assessed knowledge of sexual and reproductive health among US adults. Contraception 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Norris A, Pritt N, Berlan E. Pediatrician attitudes and beliefs about long-acting reversible contraceptive methods may influence counseling. Contraception 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Esber A, Turner AN, Norris A. P04.17 Intravaginal practices among rural malawian women. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Esber A, Norris A, Turner AN. P04.18 Are intravaginal practices associated with precancerous lesions and hpv infection? Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Norris A, Esber A, Chemey E, Phuka J, Kwiek JJ, Turner AN. O18.4 Sex differences in hiv knowledge, testing behaviours, and decision making influences in rural malawi. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gonen S, Baranski M, Thorland I, Norris A, Grove H, Arnesen P, Bakke H, Lien S, Bishop SC, Houston RD. Mapping and validation of a major QTL affecting resistance to pancreas disease (salmonid alphavirus) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 115:405-14. [PMID: 25990876 PMCID: PMC4611234 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreas disease (PD), caused by a salmonid alphavirus (SAV), has a large negative economic and animal welfare impact on Atlantic salmon aquaculture. Evidence for genetic variation in host resistance to this disease has been reported, suggesting that selective breeding may potentially form an important component of disease control. The aim of this study was to explore the genetic architecture of resistance to PD, using survival data collected from two unrelated populations of Atlantic salmon; one challenged with SAV as fry in freshwater (POP 1) and one challenged with SAV as post-smolts in sea water (POP 2). Analyses of the binary survival data revealed a moderate-to-high heritability for host resistance to PD in both populations (fry POP 1 h2~0.5; post-smolt POP 2 h2~0.4). Subsets of both populations were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphism markers, and six putative resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified. One of these QTL was mapped to the same location on chromosome 3 in both populations, reaching chromosome-wide significance in both the sire- and dam-based analyses in POP 1, and genome-wide significance in a combined analysis in POP 2. This independently verified QTL explains a significant proportion of host genetic variation in resistance to PD in both populations, suggesting a common underlying mechanism for genetic resistance across lifecycle stages. Markers associated with this QTL are being incorporated into selective breeding programs to improve PD resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gonen
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | | | - I Thorland
- Akvaforsk Genetics Center AS, Sunndalsøra, Norway
| | | | - H Grove
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences and Centre for Integrative Genetics, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - H Bakke
- SalmoBreed AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Lien
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences and Centre for Integrative Genetics, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - S C Bishop
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - R D Houston
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
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Evans D, McCahon R, Barley M, Norris A, Khajuria A, Moppett I. Cognitive Aids in Medicine Assessment Tool (CMAT): preliminary validation of a novel tool for the assessment of emergency cognitive aids. Anaesthesia 2015; 70:922-32. [PMID: 25758401 DOI: 10.1111/anae.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Applying human factors principles to the design of clinical emergency guidelines is important. The UK Civil Aviation Authority uses a Checklist Assessment Tool for evaluating the content and usability of emergency drills before introduction into service on aircraft. We hypothesised that this model could be used to develop a generic medical tool. A three-stage modified Delphi process was used to adapt the above tool for use in designing medical emergency guidelines. The resulting Cognitive aids in Medicine Assessment Tool was then used to score and rank seven published difficult airway guidelines; the scores were used to assess its validity and reliability. Pearson's rank coefficient between these scores and scores from independent assessors was 0.89 (p = 0.007). Internal consistency, as assessed by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.74, 0.96 and 0.72 for the tool's three constituent domains of physical characteristics, content and layout/format, respectively. Inter-rater reliability, as assessed by Cohen's kappa, ranged from 0.33 to 0.72. The adoption of our tool has the potential to improve the usability of medical emergency guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Evans
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - R McCahon
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Anaesthesia, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - M Barley
- Department of Anaesthesia, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Norris
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Anaesthesia, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Khajuria
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - I Moppett
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Littman L, Esber A, Kavanaugh M, Bessett D, Norris A. does the source matter? The association between individuals’ trusted information source and reproductive health knowledge. Contraception 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.05.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bessett D, Norris A, Littman L, Kavanaugh M. Knowledge about abortion in “red,” “blue” and “purple” states: examining the relationship between state-level political contexts and individual knowledge about abortion. Contraception 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rathbun S, Norris A, Morrison N, Gibson K, Raymond-Martimbeau P, Worthington-Kirsch R, Hohenwalter E, Lohr J, McLafferty R, Stoner J. Performance of endovenous foam sclerotherapy in the USA for the treatment of venous disorders: ACP/SVM/AVF/SIR quality improvement guidelines. Phlebology 2013; 29:76-82. [DOI: 10.1177/0268355512471920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective This report summarizes the findings of the consensus panel based on the results of the comprehensive questionnaire of US American College of Phlebology annual congress attendees and results of the systematic meta-analysis of the literature and provides quality improvement guidelines for the use of endovenous foam sclerotherapy (EFS) for the treatment of venous disorders, as well as identifies areas of needed research. Methods Based on the above data, quality improvement guidelines were developed and reviewed by the ten US consensus panel members and approved by their respective societies. Results EFS is effective for the treatment of truncal and tributary varicose veins, both as primary treatment and for treatment of recurrence. It may improve the signs and symptoms associated with varicose veins including pain and swelling. EFS is contraindicated in patients who have experienced an allergic reaction to previous treatment with foam or liquid sclerosant, and in patients with acute venous thrombosis events secondary to EFS. Conclusion These guidelines for the use of EFS in the treatment of venous disorders provide an initial framework for the safe and efficacious use of this therapy, and the impetus to promote the evaluation of the questions remaining regarding the use of EFS through well-designed randomized and cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rathbun
- Society for Vascular Medicine, Deerfield, IL, USA
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - A Norris
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - N Morrison
- American College of Phlebology, San Leandro, CA, USA
| | - K Gibson
- American College of Phlebology, San Leandro, CA, USA
| | | | | | - E Hohenwalter
- Society for Interventional Radiology, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - J Lohr
- American Venous Forum, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - J Stoner
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
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Abstract
Aim Endovenous foam sclerotherapy (EFS) is used widely throughout the USA for the treatment of venous disorders. The purpose of the quantitative meta-analysis was to systematically and comprehensively evaluate the literature to provide accurate estimates of safety and efficacy outcomes for this procedure. Methods A comprehensive electronic search of published literature in several databases was performed using a wide variety of MESH headings. In addition, meeting abstracts and bibliographies of selected references were reviewed for eligible papers. Two reviewers abstracted selected treatment-related data. Results Of 684 identified manuscripts and abstracts reviewed, 104 papers were abstracted and analysed. More than 50% were published between 2004 and 2008. EFS was found to be effective with similar vein occlusion rates to laser therapy, but less effective than surgery. In addition, major adverse effects were rare. Conclusions EFS is a safe and effective therapy for the treatment of venous disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rathbun
- Cardiovascular Section, College of Medicine
| | - A Norris
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - J Stoner
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Rathbun S, Norris A, Morrison N, Gibson K, Hohenwalter E, Lohr J, Raymond-Martimbeau P, Worthington-Kirsch R, Stoner J. Performance of endovenous foam sclerotherapy in the USA. Phlebology 2011; 27:59-66. [DOI: 10.1258/phleb.2011.010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To assess practice patterns of endovenous foam sclerotherapy (EFS) use in the USA. Methods A multidisciplinary panel of US experts was convened and developed a questionnaire to assess use of EFS. US attendees at the American College of Phlebology 2009 Annual Congress were asked to complete the questionnaire. Results Of 776 questionnaires distributed, 239 were completed (31%). The majority of respondents (87%) reported using EFS for the treatment of venous disorders. Foam sclerotherapy was used by a wide variety of specialists in every region of the USA. The most common indication was sclerosis of recurrent truncal or tributary veins of the leg. There was variation among practitioners in the indications for use, pre- and postprocedural evaluation and procedure methodology. Conclusions The results of this questionnaire show widespread usage of EFS and are important in the development of national quality improvement guidelines for the performance of EFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rathbun
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Medicine, 920 Stanton L Young Blvd, WP 3120
| | - A Norris
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - N Morrison
- Morrison Vein Institute, Scottsdale, AZ 85255
| | - K Gibson
- Lake Washington Vascular Surgeons, Evergreen Medical Center, Kirkland, WA
| | - E Hohenwalter
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - J Lohr
- Lohr Surgical Specialists LLC, Cincinnati, OH
| | - P Raymond-Martimbeau
- Private Practice, 5439 Glen Lakes Dr, Dallas, TX 75231
- 4819 Caroline Street, Houston, TX 77004
| | | | - J Stoner
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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Norris A, Prickett A, Beckham S, Harrington B, Hindin M. Overcoming barriers to contraceptive use in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Contraception 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2011.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Rice C, Turner AN, Norris A, Mtweve S. P1-S5.21 Self-esteem and STI/HIV prevalence among residents of a Tanzanian sugar plantation. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Norris A, Bennett MWR. Not again! The non-cycling blood pressure cuff. Anaesthesia 2010; 65:1142; discussion 1142. [PMID: 20946394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2010.06516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Norris A. Contraceptive use among women on a Tanzanian sugar plantation. Contraception 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Norris A, Foyle L, Ratcliff J. Heritability of mortality in response to a natural pancreas disease (SPDV) challenge in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., post-smolts on a West of Ireland sea site. J Fish Dis 2008; 31:913-920. [PMID: 19017068 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pancreas disease (PD) is an economically important disease of European farmed Atlantic salmon. It can cause significant losses because of morbidity, mortality and reduced production. The disease is caused by an alphavirus, known as salmon PD virus (SPDV) or salmonid alphavirus subtype 1 in Ireland. To examine whether it is possible to improve the natural resistance of Atlantic salmon to SPDV by selective breeding, 6000 genotyped, tagged, pedigreed fish from 150 full-sib families were exposed to a natural challenge during 2005 in a sea cage on a commercial salmon farm in the West of Ireland. Histopathological and serological examination was performed weekly on a proportion of all moribund fish to determine the onset of the infection and the likely cause of death. Heritabilities and genetic correlations are presented for resistance to a natural PD challenge and smolt input weight. The results indicate that the susceptibility of salmon to SPDV could be reduced by selective breeding based on the survival in a natural challenge to the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Norris
- Marine Harvest Ireland, Kindrum. Fanad, C. Donegal, Ireland.
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Frerk C, Mushambi M, Dravid R, Woodall N, Norris A. Intubation training in the real world. Anaesthesia 2008; 63:433; author reply 436-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2008.05503_1.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vieira V, Norris A, Johnston I. Genetic variability and heritability of maximum fibre number in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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McLoughlin MF, Graham DA, Norris A, Matthews D, Foyle L, Rowley HM, Jewhurst H, MacPhee J, Todd D. Virological, serological and histopathological evaluation of fish strain susceptibility to experimental infection with salmonid alphavirus. Dis Aquat Org 2006; 72:125-33. [PMID: 17140135 DOI: 10.3354/dao072125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pancreas disease (PD) of farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., which is caused by an alphavirus known as salmon pancreas disease virus (SPDV), can have serious economic consequences. An epidemiological survey carried out in Ireland in 2003 indicated that within individual farms there were significant differences in the susceptibility of different strains of farmed Atlantic salmon to infection with SPDV, as measured by levels of clinical disease and mortality. The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate this field observation by comparing lesion development, viraemia and serological responses of 3 commercial strains of Atlantic salmon (A, B and C) experimentally infected with SPDV. Highly significant differences in the severity of lesions in the pancreas at Day 21 post-infection (pi) were detected (p < 0.01), with Group B being more severely affected. There were also significant differences in the prevalence and severity of lesions in heart and skeletal muscle at Day 21 and 35 pi respectively, with Group B results again significantly higher than those from both Groups A and C (p < 0.05). There was no overlap between viraemia and the presence of specific SPDV antibody. Some fish in all groups had no viraemia, lesions or evidence of seroconversion. There were no significant differences seen between the challenged groups in relation to the percentage of viraemic fish at each time point. Viral loads were not determined. Differences between the number of antibody-positive fish in each challenge group were found at Days 28 and 35 pi (p < 0.1). Highly significant differences (p < 0.01) in the geometric mean titres of seropositive fish were detected at Day 28. These results, obtained using a challenge model, confirm that there are strain differences in the susceptibility to experimental SPDV infection in commercial farmed Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F McLoughlin
- Aquatic Veterinary Services, 35 Cherryvalley Park, Belfast BT5 6PN, Northern Ireland.
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Al-Tamemi S, Zuzan H, Norris A, Saenz A, Ponton A, Guay J, Hajoui O, Hudson T, Mazer B. Hydrocortisone Upregulates Th2-type Cytokine and Chemokine Receptor mRNA on Human B-lymphocytes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hennig M, Klein P, Matos J, Norris A, Noble S, Doyle C, McKillop I, Wiebke E, Schmidt C. Ethanol-TGF-α-Mek growth signaling may promote alcohol associated human hepatocellular carcinoma. J Surg Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.11.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Roberts D, Taylor S, Bodell W, Gostick G, Silkstone J, Smith L, Phippen A, Lyons B, Denny D, Norris A, McDonald H. Development of a holistic admission assessment: an integrated care pathway for the hospice setting. Int J Palliat Nurs 2005; 11:322-23, 326-8, 330-2. [PMID: 16116388 DOI: 10.12968/ijpn.2005.11.7.18484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the development of a holistic admission assessment for all inpatients admitted to a 66-bedded hospice, structured in the form of an integrated care pathway (ICP). The need for an improved assessment process was identified by clinical staff, who recognized that the existing assessment was not truly holistic and was dependent on the skills of the assessors. The assessment also lacked appropriate goals and actions. The recently published National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance on Improving Supportive and Palliative Care for Adults with Cancer, has also highlighted key areas for the improvement of patient assessment in specialist palliative care (NICE, 2004). Implementation of the ICP has resulted in a systematic and timely holistic assessment process for patients. The ICP addresses effectively the NICE recommendations for the assessment of specialist palliative care patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Roberts
- St Ann's Hospice, St Ann's Road, Heald Green, Cheadle, Cheshire, UK.
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Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that acoustic analysis may be useful in distinguishing different types of snoring prior to possible corrective surgery. This study aimed to establish whether it could replace sleep nasendoscopy in a clinical setting. Thirty-five patients undergoing sleep nasendoscopy had their snoring recorded and analysed using commercially available equipment. It was found that centre frequency can be used to distinguish pure palatal from tongue base snoring, with a clear cut-off value of 90 Hz between the two. Multisegmental snoring cannot be identified on the basis of centre frequency alone. It may be distinguished from tongue base, but not palatal snoring by the nature of the frequency distribution plot (sensitivity 77%, specificity 81%). Blinded assessment of waveforms of individual snores gave poor accuracy (53%) and poor interobserver agreement (kappa = 0.10). Acoustic analysis may help screen for pure tongue base snoring. However, we feel that it is unlikely to replace sleep nasendoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Saunders
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
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Rudaz S, Souverain S, Schelling C, Deleers M, Klomp A, Norris A, Vu T, Ariano B, Veuthey JL. Development and validation of a heart-cutting liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the determination of process-related substances in cetirizine tablets. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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42
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Boulton-Jones R, Norris A, O'Sullivan A, Comrie A, Forgan M, Rawlinson PSM, Clark P. The impact of screening a platelet donor panel for human leucocyte antigen antibodies to reduce the risk of transfusion-related acute lung injury. Transfus Med 2003; 13:169-70. [PMID: 12791086 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3148.2003.00439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
We describe a case in which regional anaesthesia for Caesarean section was initially avoided because of the presence of systemic infection. However, attempted induction of general anaesthesia resulted in failed tracheal intubation and so an epidural catheter was sited and used for the operation. Awake fibreoptic tracheal intubation was performed after surgery, when it was clear that ventilatory support on the intensive care unit would be needed. The relative risks of regional versus general anaesthesia when infection and difficult laryngoscopy coincide are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hinchliffe
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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45
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46
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47
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The use of tension-free tape in the vagina is a relatively new surgical procedure for the treatment of urinary incontinence. Traditionally, the procedure is carried out using local anaesthesia and sedation. We aimed to assess the quality of anaesthesia obtained during insertion of tension-free vaginal tape using local anaesthetic infiltration and intravenous conscious sedation. METHODS Twenty-four patients were studied using intravenous midazolam, fentanyl and infiltration with 0.5% prilocaine and epinephrine. Visual analogue scores before operation were used to assess anxiety. The digit symbol substitution test was used before and after surgery to assess psychomotor recovery, and amnesia for the procedure was assessed by means of picture recall. A nurse, anaesthetist and surgeon independently assessed quality of anaesthesia based on vocalization, facial expression, movement and co-operation with incontinence testing. RESULTS The nurse, anaesthetist and surgeon reported good or excellent conditions in 18, 14 and 22 cases, respectively. There was no significant psychomotor impairment using the digit symbol substitution test, with mean (standard deviation) preoperative and postoperative scores of 22 (8) and 21 (7) correctly matched symbol digit pairs. There was a significant correlation between preoperative anxiety and intraoperative fentanyl requirement (r=0.48, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Satisfactory anaesthetic conditions can be achieved for the insertion of tension-free vaginal tape using local anaesthesia with sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Norris
- NHS Department of Anaesthesia, C Floor, East Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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48
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Abstract
The effect of interleukin (IL)-2 on eosinophil survival and mediator release was investigated in vitro. Human peripheral blood eosinophils were isolated and purified from mildly atopic donors and cultured on albumin-coated wells with different concentrations of IL-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and their viability was evaluated after 4 days in culture. Eosinophils were cultured with IL-2 (1000 u/ml), IFN-gamma (1000 u/ml), or GM-CSF (10 ng/ml) for 18 h, or with platelet activating factor (PAF) (10(-6) M) for 20 min, and the release of eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and IL-6 was measured. Nedocromil sodium (10(-5) M) was added with each of the above cytokines to study the inhibitory effect of this drug on EPO release. A significant increase of EPO release was induced by IL-2, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF after 18 h in culture. IL-2 as well as IFN-gamma induced a significant IL-6 release from eosinophils. Nedocromil sodium significantly inhibited EPO release from eosinophils induced by IL-2 or PAF. These results show that IL-2 can activate peripheral blood eosinophils to release granule mediators (EPO) and cytokines (IL-6). Taken together with the presence of IL-2 receptors on eosinophils, we conclude that IL-2 is an important mediator in allergic inflammation and a possible target for pharmacological modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hoenstein
- Department of Pharmacology, Hadassah University Hospital and The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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49
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Abstract
The impact of a new tick-box questionnaire (TBQ) and personal donor interview (PDI) on donor and recipient safety was assessed over an 18-month and a 13-month period, respectively, by prospectively studying individual donors prior to and after the introduction of the new methodology. A 'hit' was defined as an instance where the TBQ or PDI prompted a donor to divulge information which they would not otherwise have divulged, with the new information having an impact on donor eligibility. There was a 'hit' rate of 0.19% for TBQ and 0.65% for PDI. Of these donors, 33% in the TBQ category and 14% of PDIs were reinstated, 24% and 32%, respectively, were deferred because of a malaria/chagas risk, and 16% of the 'hits' related to donor safety issues. When assessing recipient safety, particularly risk of a window period viral transmission, PDI is very significantly superior at identifying such donors (14 times better). Such information establishes the important safety aspects of these interventions and requires that further work be done to see whether PDIs, in particular, may be better targeted to specific groups of donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Norris
- East of Scotland Blood Transfusion Service, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
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Wander A, Schedin F, Steadman P, Norris A, McGrath R, Turner TS, Thornton G, Harrison NM. Stability of polar oxide surfaces. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:3811-3814. [PMID: 11329330 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.3811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The structures of the polar surfaces of ZnO are studied using ab initio calculations and surface x-ray diffraction. The experimental and theoretical relaxations are in good agreement. The polar surfaces are shown to be very stable; the cleavage energy for the (0001)-Zn and (0001;)-O surfaces is 4.0 J/m(2) comparable to 2.32 J/m(2) for the most stable nonpolar (1010) surface. The surfaces are stabilized by an electronic mechanism involving the transfer of 0.17 electrons between them. This leads to 2D metallic surface states, which has implications for the use of the material in gas sensing and catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wander
- CLRC, Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
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