1
|
Schlager A, Pressl B, Laiho K, Suchomel H, Kamp M, Höfling S, Schneider C, Weihs G. Temporally versatile polarization entanglement from Bragg reflection waveguides. Opt Lett 2017; 42:2102-2105. [PMID: 28569855 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bragg reflection waveguides emitting broadband parametric downconversion (PDC) have been proven to be well suited for the on-chip generation of polarization entanglement in a straightforward fashion [Sci. Rep.3, 2314 (2013)SRWSDA2045-232210.1038/srep02314]. Here, we investigate how the properties of the created states can be modified by controlling the relative temporal delay between the pair of photons created via PDC. Our results offer an easily accessible approach for changing the coherence of the polarization entanglement, in other words, to tune the phase of the off-diagonal elements of the density matrix. Furthermore, we provide valuable insight into the engineering of these states directly at the source.
Collapse
|
2
|
Laiho K, Pressl B, Schlager A, Suchomel H, Kamp M, Höfling S, Schneider C, Weihs G. Uncovering dispersion properties in semiconductor waveguides to study photon-pair generation. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:434003. [PMID: 27659042 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/43/434003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dispersion properties of ridge Bragg-reflection waveguides to deduce their phasematching characteristics. These are crucial for exploiting them as sources of parametric down-conversion (PDC). In order to estimate the phasematching bandwidth we first determine the group refractive indices of the interacting modes via Fabry-Perot experiments in two distant wavelength regions. Second, by measuring the spectra of the emitted PDC photons, we gain access to their group index dispersion. Our results offer a simple approach for determining the PDC process parameters in the spectral domain, and provide important feedback for designing such sources, especially in the broadband case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Laiho
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aigner F, Augustin F, Kaufmann C, Schlager A, Ulmer H, Pratschke J, Schmid T. Prospective, randomized-controlled trial comparing postoperative pain after plug and patch open repair with totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair. Hernia 2013; 18:237-42. [PMID: 23775532 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-013-1123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare postoperative pain between the open tension-free plug and patch (PP) technique and the totally extraperitoneal patch (TEP) hernioplasty. METHODS One hundred and fifty-four male patients with unilateral inguinal hernia were randomized to undergo PP and TEP from 2005 to 2009. Pain assessment was conducted using the numerical rating scale (NRS) and the McGill Pain Questionnaire preoperatively, 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. All patients received the same analgesic regimen and documented pain in a NRS-based 4-week diary. RESULTS Of the 154 patients 77 underwent TEP and 77 PP. Median follow-up was 3.8 years. One recurrent hernia was observed in the TEP and two in the PP group (p = 0.56). Median preoperative NRS scores were 2 and 2, 0.3 and 0.4 at 6 months, 0.1 and 0.3 at 12 months, 0.2 and 0.1 at 24 months postoperatively in the PP and TEP groups, respectively (p > 0.05). Data from the 4-week pain diaries revealed significant differences in pain intensity between the two different techniques from the second postoperative week (p < 0.05). Patients in the PP group required more additional analgesics on day four and five postoperatively (p = 0.037 and 0.015, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our data favor the TEP technique concerning postoperative pain as primary endpoint between tension-free PP and TEP hernia repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Aigner
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elazary R, Abu-Gazala M, Schlager A, Khalaileh A, Shussman N, Rivkind AI, Mintz Y. Trans-fascial laparoscopic mesh fixation: a procedural comparison using the standard suture passer versus iMESH stitcher™ device. Hernia 2011; 15:321-4. [PMID: 21259027 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-011-0789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Laparoscopic mesh repair has become an increasingly common method for repairing incisional hernias. The current method for fixating mesh to the abdominal wall includes tacking the mesh to the peritoneum and fascia and suturing the mesh to the fascia with trans-fascial sutures. The iMESH Stitcher™ is a stitching device developed to both simplify and expedite this procedure by passing the suture from one arm of the iMESH stitcher™ to the other. The device enables a stitch to be created in three quick moves using only one hand. We compared both the efficacy and procedure time of trans-fascial mesh fixation when performed with the iMESH stitcher™ as compared to the standard suture passer method. METHODS A mesh patch was installed on the internal abdominal wall of two pigs. Surgical residents and Medical students were participants in the study and were trained in both techniques. Each participant was asked to perform six fixations with each technique. The procedural time required for both fixation techniques was recorded. Participants were asked to assess subjectively the relative difficulty of each technique on a scale of 1-10 (10 = most difficult). RESULTS Sixteen residents and students performed a total of 12 mesh fixations, each performing 6 fixations with each technique. Average mesh fixation suture time using the suture passer technique was 44 s for residents and 47 s for students. Average fixation suture time using the iMESH stitcherTM was 17 s for residents and 15 s for students. The average difficulty score for the suture passer technique was 6.1 as compared to 2.9 with iMESH stitcher™. CONCLUSION Trans-fascial fixation with the iMESH Stitcher™ took significantly less time than the standard suture passer method. The iMESH Stitcher™ significantly simplifies the procedure of transfascial fixation and potentially reduces technical difficulties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Elazary
- Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Campus Ein-Kerem, PO Box 12000, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Nasogastric intubation, one of the most widely utilized therapeutic procedures in medical practice, is associated with trauma, pain, and discomfort, which can occur both at insertion and during the indwelling phase. Although lubricating jelly is useful during the insertion phase, insertion can still cause great discomfort. Furthermore, the jelly is rapidly absorbed and therefore is unable to decrease the friction between the tissues and the tube during the indwelling phase of the nasogastric tube. The aim of this study was to test a device, the NG-Shield, that generates surface acoustic waves on the surfaces of the nasogastric tube to reduce contact time and thus friction between the nasogastric tube and body tissues. PATIENT AND METHODS Twenty-four healthy volunteers were enrolled in a single-center, crossover, blinded study, in which a nasogastric tube was inserted and left indwelling for 6 hours. Throughout the indwelling period the device was activated and deactivated alternately every hour, and the volunteers were questioned every hour about their pain and discomfort levels as well as grading pain and discomfort upon insertion and removal of the nasogastric tube. Pain and discomfort levels were compared between active and nonactive phases of the device. RESULTS The activated NG-Shield was found to reduce both pain and discomfort significantly in both the nose and throat throughout the indwelling phase. CONCLUSIONS The NG-Shield is a safe and effective device for reducing pain and discomfort associated with an indwelling nasogastric tube.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Schlager
- Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schlager A, Unger JG, Schnabel F. Does the recurrence of pregnancy-associated breast cancer during subsequent pregnancy 10 years after mastectomy support the unique hormonal milieu of pregnancy as a cause of tumorigenesis? A case and literature review. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-3058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #3058
We report a case of pregnancy-associated chest wall recurrence of breast adenocarcinoma 10 years following mastectomy and reconstruction for initial pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC). This represents the first reported case in the literature of a pregnancy-associated recurrence of pregnancy-associated breast cancer. The patient had no episodes of recurrent breast cancer during the interim 10 years, and only experienced a recurrence with a rapidly growing left chest mass during the subsequent pregnancy. Thus, the possibility that the malignancy may have been triggered by the pregnancy cannot be ignored.
 Although prior studies following breast cancer patients and their subsequent pregnancy have not shown an increase risk of recurrence, these studies were performed in “all comers” with breast cancer, and would not have had the statistical power to distinguish a small subset of patients with an increased risk, such as PABC patients. As a result, these patients have been assumed to be at no greater risk for recurrence with pregnancy and have been advised as such.
 It is reasonable to assume that PABC patients may, in fact, represent a unique subset of breast cancer patients with the unique hormonal milieu of pregnancy playing a mechanistic role in the propagation and proliferation of the disease. In this case a patient with prior PABC had a rapidly growing progesterone receptor positive breast cancer during a subsequent pregnancy. Further, studies have indicated that there is a possibility that the hormone status of women during pregnancy may in fact lead to a change in tumor characteristics, and therefore their risks. This instance would support the concern and represent the sentinel report describing a new subset of breast cancer with a unique spectrum of risk factors.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3058.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Schlager
- 1 General Surgery, NYU Medical Center, NY, NY
| | - JG Unger
- 1 General Surgery, NYU Medical Center, NY, NY
| | - F Schnabel
- 1 General Surgery, NYU Medical Center, NY, NY
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bale R, Schlager A, Laimer I, Jakober R, Lang T, Hinterleither C, Knoflach M, Jaschke W. Computerunterstützte Radiofrequenzablation des Ganglion Gasseri bei Patienten mit Trigeminusneuralgie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-868282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
8
|
Siedentopf C, Haala I, Koppelstätter F, Verius M, Golaszewski S, Schikora D, Felber S, Schlager A. Placebo-Laser kontrollierte, Computer gesteuerte Doppelblind-Untersuchung – neue Ansätze für die Akupunktur-Grundlagenforschung. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur 2005. [DOI: 10.1078/0415-6412-00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
9
|
Golaszewski SM, Siedentopf CM, Koppelstaetter F, Rhomberg P, Guendisch GM, Schlager A, Gallasch E, Eisner W, Felber SR, Mottaghy FM. Modulatory effects on human sensorimotor cortex by whole-hand afferent electrical stimulation. Neurology 2004; 62:2262-9. [PMID: 15210892 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.62.12.2262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of electrical stimulation of the nerve afferents of the hand on cortical activity elicited by whole-hand subthreshold stimulation for sensation in healthy human subjects. METHODS Ten healthy volunteers were studied using BOLD-fMRI with 1) a test motor-task with finger-to-thumb tapping of the left hand, 2) a whole-hand afferent electrical stimulation of the left hand below the sensory level for sensation for 30 minutes, 3) a second fMRI run with the same paradigm as in the test motor-task immediately after electrical stimulation, and 4) a final identical fMRI run 2 hours post-stimulation to test the cortical changes induced by electrical stimulation. Experiments were carried out on a 1.5 T MR scanner and for fMRI echoplanar sequences were used. Data analysis was performed with SPM99. RESULTS An increase of movement-related responses was seen within the primary motor and primary somatosensory areas of both hemispheres when comparing the test motor-task with the motor-task after electrical stimulation relative to the baseline or sham stimulation. Two hours post-stimulation the modulatory effects of mesh-glove stimulation diminished to baseline level except within the contralateral primary motor region. CONCLUSIONS The increased BOLD response spatially localized within the sensorimotor cortex reflects an increase in neuronal activity that may provide augmented neuronal excitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Golaszewski
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Graz, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Greiner A, Rantner B, Greiner K, Kronenberg F, Schocke M, Neuhauser B, Bodner J, Fraedrich G, Schlager A. Neuropathic pain after femoropopliteal bypass surgery. J Vasc Surg 2004; 39:1284-7. [PMID: 15192570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2004.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective study was performed to investigate prolonged postoperative pain in the area of the proximal or distal scar or the bypass tunnel after femoropopliteal bypass surgery to treat symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety-three patients with peripheral arterial disease who underwent femoropopliteal bypass surgery between January 2000 and December 2002 were included in the study. The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire was used to score pain. Ultrasound examination of the soft tissue around the graft was performed to exclude other pathologic conditions responsible for pain, such as inflammatory processes, perigraft reactions, swollen lymph nodes, and hematomas. RESULTS Pain in at least one scar existed in 22 patients on average 13.9 +/- 9.8 months after surgery. In 10 patients pain existed simultaneously along the inguinal scar and the above-knee or below-knee scar. Pain along the bypass tunnel was experienced by seven patients. Most patients had mild to moderate pain. The mean numeric ranking score of pain severity in patients with pain was 4.2 +/- 2.3. The occurrence of prolonged postoperative pain was not associated with age, gender, diabetes, indication for surgery, material or type of bypass, number of preceding operations, or postoperative wound complications. Only follow-up time after femoropopliteal bypass surgery tended to be lower in patients with pain compared with those without pain. CONCLUSION Prolonged postoperative neuropathic pain along the distal and proximal incision or the bypass tunnel exists in one fourth of patients after femoropopliteal bypass surgery. Patients should be informed of this kind of complication before surgery. The results of our study justify further investigations of the origin and treatment of this pain, to find effective methods to reduce the incidence of prolonged postoperative pain after femoropopliteal bypass surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Greiner
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leopold Franzens University Hospital Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-1060 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Siedentopf C, Golaszewski S, Haala I, Mottaghy F, Felber S, Schlager A. Die funktionelle Magnetresonanz-Tomographie in der Akupunkturforschung. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur 2004. [DOI: 10.1078/0415-6412-00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
12
|
Radmayr C, Schlager A, Studen M, Bartsch G. Prospective randomized trial using laser acupuncture versus desmopressin in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis. Eur Urol 2001; 40:201-5. [PMID: 11528199 DOI: 10.1159/000049773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several treatment modalities for children suffering from monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis are available, but desmopressin is a well-established option. On the other hand, alternative nonpharmacological therapies such as laser acupuncture are more frequently requested by the parents. To our knowledge, there is no prospective randomized trial which evaluated the efficacy of such an alternative approach in comparison with the widespread use of desmopressin. METHODS Forty children aged over 5 years presenting with primary nocturnal enuresis underwent a previous evaluation of their voiding function to assure normal voiding patterns and a high nighttime urine production. Then the children were randomized into two groups: group A children were treated with desmopressin alone, and group B children underwent laser acupuncture. All children were investigated after a minimum follow-up period of 6 month to evaluate the duration of the response. RESULTS The children of both groups had an initial mean frequency of 5.5 wet nights per week. After a minimum follow-up period of 6 months reevaluation revealed a complete success rate of 75% in the desmopressin-treated group. Additional 10% of the children had a reduction of their wet nights of more than 50%. On the other hand, 6 months after laser acupuncture, 65% of the randomized children were completely dry. Another 10% had a reduction of the enuresis frequency of more than 50% per week. 20% of the children in the desmopressin-treated group did not respond at all as compared with 15% in the acupuncture-treated group. Statistical evaluation revealed no significant differences among the response rates in both groups. CONCLUSION Im comparison with pharmacological therapy using desmopressin, our study shows that laser acupuncture should be taken into account as an alternative, noninvasive, painless, cost-effective, and short-term therapy for children with primary nocturnal enuresis in case of a normal bladder function and high nighttime urine production. Success rates indicated no statistically significant differences between the well-established desmopressin therapy and the alternative laser acupuncture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Radmayr
- Department of Urology, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schlager A, Kronberger P, Petschke F, Ulmer H. Low-power laser light in the healing of burns: a comparison between two different wavelengths (635 nm and 690 nm) and a placebo group. Lasers Surg Med 2000; 27:39-42. [PMID: 10918291 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9101(2000)27:1<39::aid-lsm5>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Studies on the influence of low-power laser light on wound healing have shown inconsistent results, or, as in the case of burns, are very scarce. We have studied the effects of two different low-power diode laser lights on the healing of burns in rats. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty rats were burned on both flanks and randomly allocated to one of three study groups. In group A, both wounds remained untreated; in groups B and C, one wound each was irradiated with 635 nm or 690 nm laser light (1.5 J/cm(2)), whereas the other wound remained untreated. Diameter, redness, and edema of the wounds were examined daily. RESULTS Between and within groups, diameter, redness, and edema of the wounds were similar throughout the entire observation period. Irradiation of the burns did not accelerate wound healing when compared with control wounds. CONCLUSION We conclude that neither 690 nm nor 635 nm low-power laser light produced any beneficial effects on the healing processes of burns in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Schlager
- Department of Anesthesia and General Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Anesthesia, the Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of Korean hand acupuncture in preventing postoperative vomiting in children scheduled for strabismus surgery. In one group, acupressure was performed 30 min before induction of anaesthesia by applying an acupressure disc onto the Korean hand acupuncture point K-K9; the disc remained in situ for at least 24 h. The second group functioned as placebo group. The treatment groups did not differ with regard to patient characteristics, surgical procedure and anaesthetic administered. In the acupressure group, the incidence of vomiting was significantly lower (20%) than in the placebo group (68%). We conclude that Korean hand acupressure of the acupuncture point K-K9 is an effective method for reducing postoperative vomiting in children after strabismus repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Schlager
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Margreiter J, Schlager A, Balogh A, Maier H, Balogh D, Lindner KH, Fuchs D, Schobersberger W. Exogenous neopterin causes cardiac contractile dysfunction in the isolated perfused rat heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2000; 32:1265-74. [PMID: 10860768 DOI: 10.1006/jmcc.2000.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neopterin is known in humans as a sensitive marker for diseases associated with increased activity of the cellular immune system. Recent studies report neopterin also to exhibit distinct effects: neopterin induces inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells and activates translocation of nuclear factor- kappa B. Neopterin may also induce oxidative stress causing apoptotic cell death, or superinduce tumor necrosis factor- alpha -mediated apoptosis. Observing these effects in cell cultures, we were interested in possible consequences of neopterin on cardiac function in the isolated perfused rat heart. The influence of neopterin in three different concentrations (10 micromol/l, 50 micromol/l, 100 micromol/l) on cardiac contractility parameters and coronary vascular resistance were studied in 67 male Sprague-Dawley rats using the temperature-controlled and pressure-constant Langendorff apparatus with retrograde perfusion of the aorta with a Krebs-Henseleit buffer. Treatment with 100 micromol/l neopterin resulted in a significant decrease in coronary flow and cardiac contractility. Coronary flow decreased from 15.2 to 9.5 ml/min (P=0.002), left ventricular pressure from 80 to 52 mmHg (P=0. 002), rate of pressure fall from 1605 to 923 mmHg/s (P=0.001) and rate of pressure rise from 2862 to 1709 mmHg/s (P=0.001). Concentrations lower than 100 micromol/l neopterin had no significant effect on cardiac function. Our study demonstrates a considerable influence of exogenous neopterin on cardiac performance in the Langendorff model of isolated perfused rat hearts. This has to be considered a potential pathogenic factor of cardiac disturbances in diseases in which high concentrations of neopterin are released due to immune activation. At present the exact mechanism remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Margreiter
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, The Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schlager A, Luger TJ. Oxygen application by a nasal probe prevents hypoxia but not rebreathing of carbon dioxide in patients undergoing eye surgery under local anaesthesia. Br J Ophthalmol 2000; 84:399-402. [PMID: 10729298 PMCID: PMC1723433 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.84.4.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Hypoxia and carbon dioxide rebreathing are potential problems during eye surgery in spontaneously breathing patients. The aim of the present study was to determine effectiveness of nasal application of oxygen to prevent hypoxia and carbon dioxide accumulation in spontaneously breathing patients undergoing cataract surgery. METHODS Oxygenation and carbon dioxide rebreathing were examined in 40 elderly patients using two different methods of oxygen supply-nasal v ambient air-with a constant flow of 2 l/min. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide under ophthalmic drapes, transcutaneous pressure of carbon dioxide, and the respiratory rate were measured during 25 minutes while oxygen was supplied via a nasal cannula or into the ambient air under the drapes. RESULTS In both groups carbon dioxide accumulation under the drapes, carbon dioxide rebreathing, tachypnoea, and an increase in peripheral oxygen saturation occurred. No significant differences were found between the two methods. CONCLUSION Nasal application of oxygen prevented hypoxia but did not prevent carbon dioxide accumulation in patients undergoing eye surgery under retrobulbar anaesthesia. Additionally, as a side effect when using nasal probes, irritation of the nose was described in half of the patients investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Schlager
- Department of Anaesthesia and General Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Anaesthesia, The Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Recent investigations have reported contradictory results on the influence of low-power laser light on wound healing. Low-power laser with a power output of 250 mW and an emitted laser light of 670 nm have been insufficiently investigated to date. The effect of a 250-mW/670-nm laser light on the healing of burning wounds in rats was investigated. Thirty rats were burned on both flanks. One wound was irradiated with 670-nm laser light (2 J/cm2), whereas the other side remained untreated. Macroscopic evaluation of the wounds was performed daily; 10, 20, and 30 days after burning, 10 rats were killed and the wounds histologically evaluated. Neither macroscopic nor histologic examination of the irradiated wound showed accelerated wound healing when compared with control wounds. In the present study, irradiation of burns with a 250-mW/670-nm laser light produced no beneficial effects on wound-healing processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Schlager
- Department of Anesthesia and General Intensive Care Medicine, Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
We have investigated the effectiveness of rectally administered dimenhydrinate on postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery, in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. In one group, dimenhydrinate 50 mg was administered rectally 30 min before starting anaesthesia, whereas in the control group, placebo suppositories were given. Children who received dimenhydrinate showed a significantly (P < 0.001) lower incidence of vomiting (15%) than those in the control group (75%). We conclude that rectal administration of dimenhydrinate is an effective means of reducing postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Schlager
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Luger TJ, Lorenz IH, Grabner-Weiss C, Schlager A, Kolbitsch C, Keller C, Gassner M. Effect of fluvoxamine on sufentanil antinociception and tolerance under chronic intravenous infusion in rats. Pharmacol Toxicol 1999; 85:263-8. [PMID: 10628901 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1999.tb02020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), significantly potentiates analgesia when administered in animals together with opioids. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of fluvoxamine on sufentanil antinociception and tolerance. Following animal care committee approval, the effects of continuous infusions of fluvoxamine and sufentanil were studied in behavioural tests (hot-plate test, tail-flick test, catalepsy test) in Sprague-Dawley rats with a jugular vein catheter. Saline was administered as a control. The time-effect curves for continuous intravenous sufentanil indicate dose-related antinociception and rapid development of tolerance in the hot-plate and tail-flick tests. Co-administration of fluvoxamine with continuous sufentanil enhances antinociception and attenuates development of tolerance, most clearly seen in the tail-flick test. Fluvoxamine alone and saline were not effective. No animal showed catalepsy. As a side effect we observed a marked loss of body weight. The IC50 values of sufentanil binding with and without fluvoxamine addition are 0.56+/-0.17 nM and 0.3+/-0.15 nM, respectively, indicating no direct effect on the occupancy of sufentanil on the mu-receptor by this serotonin reuptake inhibitor. In conclusion, we were able to show that the combination of an opioid with an SSRI at low doses improves analgesia and decreases development of tolerance in nociceptive tests in rats. The clinical implications of these promising results in an animal model, however, await further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T J Luger
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, The Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schlager A. Heat trapped under paper and plastic ophthalmic drapes during eye surgery using local anesthesia. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999; 25:1532-4. [PMID: 10569171 DOI: 10.1016/s0886-3350(99)00245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether heat trapped under ophthalmic drapes is responsible for patient reports of being hot during cataract surgery using local anesthesia. SETTING Departments of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine and of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria. METHODS In a prospective, randomized, single-blind study, the temperature in the ambient air under 2 types of paper drapes (Group A: Barrier Ophthalmology Drape, Johnson & Johnson; Group B: Steri Drape 1062, 3M) and a plastic drape (Group C: cotton drape + Steri Drape 1024, 3M) was measured for 25 minutes in 60 patients having cataract surgery under local anesthesia. RESULTS Three minutes after the patient's head was draped, the mean temperature under the drape began to increase significantly: Group A, 25.7 degrees C +/- 0.3 degree C (SD) to 29.17 degrees C +/- 0.9 degree C (P < or = .001); Group B, 25.87 degrees C +/- 0.4 degree C to 29.41 degrees C +/- 0.9 degree C (P < or = .001); Group C, 25.8 degrees C +/- 0.35 degree C to 29.4 degrees C +/- 0.6 degree C (P < or = .001). It continued to increase in all groups as the operation continued. No significant differences in temperature were observed among the 3 drape types studied. Subjective thermal discomfort was reported by 35% to 40% of patients. CONCLUSION Paper drapes did not cause less heat from being trapped than the plastic drape. Trapped heat may impair the comfort of patients having eye surgery under local anesthesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Schlager
- Department of Anaesthesia and General Intensive Care Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
A new flexible support for ophthalmic drapes with the possibility of continuous oxygen supplementation was designed for use in patients undergoing eye surgery under local anesthesia. This new equipment is easy to handle and prevents contact between the patient's face and the ophthalmic drape. To prevent hypoxia of spontaneously breathing patients, the ambient air under the drapes can be supplemented with oxygen using this new equipment and no other devices. The equipment described here is advantageous for practical use in patients undergoing eye surgery under retrobulbar anesthesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Schlager
- Department of Anesthesia and General Intensive Care Medicine, The Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon dioxide concentration under ophthalmic drapes increases during eye surgery under local anaesthesia. A new prototype has been designed which combines continuous suction of carbon dioxide enriched air and continuous oxygen insufflation under ophthalmic drapes to prevent carbon dioxide accumulation in spontaneously breathing patients undergoing cataract surgery. METHODS In a prospective randomised single blind study the effectiveness of this new prototype was examined in 50 unpremedicated elderly patients. In 25 patients suction was applied under ophthalmic drapes, whereas in the other 25 patients no suction was used. In all cases oxygen was insufflated under the drapes at a constant flow of 2 l/min. Carbon dioxide concentration in the ambient air surrounding the patient's head under ophthalmic drapes, transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation were measured. RESULTS Carbon dioxide concentration under the drapes, transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and respiratory rate remained unchanged in the suction group, whereas in the non-suction group these values increased significantly. Oxygen saturation rose significantly in both groups without differences between the groups. CONCLUSION Application of this new prototype for continuous aspiration of carbon dioxide enriched air prevents carbon dioxide rebreathing and subsequent hypercapnia associated with an elevated respiratory rate. This new equipment may therefore be useful in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery under retrobulbar anaesthesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Schlager
- Department of Anaesthesia and General Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Anaesthesia, The Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schlager A, Furtner B, Mitterschiffthaler G. Acute obstruction during manual ventilation caused by an end-tidal rubber cap in the reservoir bag. Anesth Analg 1999; 89:804-5. [PMID: 10475337 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-199909000-00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
24
|
Abstract
Carbon dioxide accumulation under ophthalmic drapes is caused by their impaired permeability to exhaled carbon dioxide in spontaneously breathing patients. Three different ophthalmic drapes were examined under clinical conditions. Sixty unpremedicated patients of each gender, aged over 60 years and with an ASA status of I-III undergoing cataract surgery under retrobulbar anaesthesia were included in the study. Patients with known pulmonary diseases were excluded. The patients were divided into three groups of 20 patients each. In all groups, oxygen was insufflated under the drapes at a constant flow of 21.min-1. Carbon dioxide concentration in the inspired air, transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressures, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry were measured. Accumulation of carbon dioxide under the drapes, increase of partial pressure of transcutaneous carbon dioxide and hyperventilation were observed in all three groups. An oxygen supply of 21.min-1 prevented hypoxaemia but not hypercapnia. Therefore, producers of ophthalmic drapes are encouraged to look for further ways to increase the carbon dioxide permeability of their drapes with the aim of reducing carbon dioxide accumulation and hyperventilation in spontaneously breathing patients undergoing eye surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Schlager
- Department of Anaesthesia and General Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Anaesthesia, The Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schlager A. [Acupuncture in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting]. Wien Med Wochenschr 1999; 148:454-6. [PMID: 10025044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review the effectiveness of the acupuncture point Pericard 6 (P 6) on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is described. Use of the acupuncture, acupressure as well as the laser stimulation of P 6 proved as efficient prophylaxis of PONV in numerous studies. These methods are free of side effects and represent therefore a good alternative to the pharmacological prophylaxis and treatment of PONV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Schlager
- Abteilung für Anästhesie, Universitätsklinik für Anästhesie und Allgemeine Intensivmedizin, Innsbruck.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
We investigated transcutaneous partial CO2 and O2 pressures and respiratory rate in unpremedicated elderly patients of ASA physical status 1 to 3 who underwent cataract surgery under retrobulbar anaesthesia. In group A no air suction was used. In group B suction was applied under the sterile drapes to avoid rebreathing of CO2. In group A transcutaneous partial CO2 pressure and respiratory rate significantly increased compared with baseline, whereas in group B they remained constant. In both groups transcutaneous partial O2 pressure and oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry significantly rose after insufflating oxygen 31.min-1. Heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure remained constant. Our results demonstrate that the application of suction near the patient's head prevents CO2 rebreathing and subsequent hypercapnia associated with an elevated respiratory rate. The use of suction makes it unnecessary to raise oxygen administration. Suction combined with monitoring of partial CO2 pressure using transcutaneous sensors should be used in all ophthalmological operations under retrobulbar anaesthesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Schlager
- Department of Anaesthesia and General Intensive Care Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Schlager A, Offer T, Baldissera I. Laser stimulation of acupuncture point P6 reduces postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Br J Anaesth 1998; 81:529-32. [PMID: 9924226 DOI: 10.1093/bja/81.4.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to investigate the effectiveness of P6 acupuncture on postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Acupuncture was performed by laser stimulation with a low-level laser. Laser stimulation of P6 was administered 15 min before induction of anaesthesia and 15 min after arriving in the recovery room. In the laser stimulation group, the incidence of vomiting was significantly lower (25%) than that in the placebo group (85%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Schlager
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Waibel UG, Huber C, Riccabona UM, Schlager A. Medicolegal aspects of patient information before regional anesthesia in Austria. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl 1998; 111:229-31. [PMID: 9421025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U G Waibel
- Department of Anesthesia and General Intensive Care Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ladner E, Mayr A, Schlager A, Berger J. [Dermatologic pain therapy. Selected clinical aspects]. Hautarzt 1995; 46:892-906. [PMID: 8567279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Ladner
- Universitätsklinik für Anästhesie und Allgemeine Intensivmedizin, Universität Innsbruck
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Khuenl-Brady KS, Reitstätter B, Schlager A, Schreithofer D, Luger T, Seyr M, Mutz N, Agoston S. Long-term administration of pancuronium and pipecuronium in the intensive care unit. Anesth Analg 1994; 78:1082-6. [PMID: 8198261 DOI: 10.1213/00000539-199406000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the optimum dose of pancuronium (n = 30) and pipecuronium (n = 30) under continuous sedation and analgesia in the intensive care unit (ICU). This was an open clinical investigation in 60 critically ill patients with head injury, multiple trauma (in some complicated with sepsis and multi-organ failure), requiring neuromuscular block for ventilation for at least 48 h. Emphasis was placed on the neuromuscular monitoring with a peripheral nerve stimulator and adequate sedation and analgesia. Satisfactory block was achieved in all cases with an average dose of 3 mg/h with either compound. None of the patients experienced prolonged paralysis, muscle weakness, or other neuromuscular dysfunctions in the postventilatory period. We suggest that adequate use of sedative hypnotics and opioids plus neuromuscular monitoring allowed us to optimize the dose of muscle relaxants according to the need of individual patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Khuenl-Brady
- Clinic for Anaesthesia and General Intensive Care Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Luger TJ, Hill HF, Schlager A. Can midazolam diminish sufentanil analgesia in patients with major trauma? A retrospective study with 43 patients. Drug Metabol Drug Interact 1992; 10:177-84. [PMID: 1387353 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi.1992.10.1-2.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Benzodiazepine agonists in combination with opioid analgesics are commonly used for combined analgesia and sedation in intensive care patients as well as for anesthesia. In animals, studies indicate either agonistic or antagonistic interactions of benzodiazepine agonists and opioids. This retrospective study of 43 patients evaluated the possible clinical relevance of benzodiazepine-opioid interactions related to pain management. We observed an increase of greater than 50% of the maximal sufentanil infusion rate in significantly more patients in group 2 (13 patients vs 6 patients; chi 2: p = 0.04) and a decrease of the sufentanil infusion rate in eight group 1 patients, but only in one patient in group 2 (chi 2: p = 0.03). We believe that an interaction between midazolam and sufentanil on nociceptive transmission and/or a rapid development of tolerance to sufentanil may be responsible for the observed difference. Contrary to the common clinical impression that midazolam potentiates opioid analgesia, these results indicate that systemic co-administration of midazolam over a period of more than three days can diminish sufentanil efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T J Luger
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Schlager A, Morawetz RF, Huber C, Furtwängler W, Luger TJ, Schreithofer D. [Impairment of the cognitive faculties and the reaction capability caused by midazolam despite reversal using flumazenil]. Anaesthesist 1991; 40:33-8. [PMID: 2006724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Imidazobenzodiazepine (flumazenil) is a specific competitive benzodiazepine antagonist. It antagonizes the sedative-hypnotic, anticonvulsive, anxiolytic and the muscle-relaxant effects of benzodiazepines. Its efficacy is prompt and complete. In several studies rebound phenomena have been observed. It was the aim of this randomized double blind study to investigate the efficacy of flumazenil by psychometric tests. The psychometric parameters we used were cognition and choice reaction time of 12 young and healthy volunteers. Three medication groups (A, B and C) were formed for this investigation. In a cross over design all volunteers had to be treated in each of these three medication groups. Between the groups we set a test-free interval of 7 days for every volunteer. In medication group A (midazolam/flumazenil) we applied 15 mg midazolam. Reversion was performed after 60 min with 0.5 mg flumazenil. In medication group B (placebo/flumazenil) midazolam was replaced by a physiological solution of sodium chloride. In medication group C (placebo/placebo) midazolam and flumazenil were substituted by a physiological solution of sodium chloride. For the investigation of the psychometric parameters (cognition and choice reaction time) we used the so called syndrome kurz test (SKT) and the decision reaction time measuring instrument ("Entscheidungs-Reaktionszeit-Messgerät"; ERM). Psychometric investigations were performed in all groups at intervals of 5, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min. Our results show that cognitive abilities remain impaired up to 60 min after the administration of flumazenil. Decision time and choice reaction time improved 120 min after administration of the antagonist. In our investigation neither rebound phenomena nor agonistic reactions of flumazenil were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Schlager
- Klinik für Anaesthesie und Allgemeine Intensivmedizin, Universität Innsbruck
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Luger TJ, Putensen C, Baum M, Schreithofer D, Morawetz RF, Schlager A. [Weaning an asthmatic using biphasic positive airway pressure together with continuous sufentanil administration]. Anaesthesist 1990; 39:557-60. [PMID: 2149005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A patient presenting with acute severe asthma associated with protracted hypoventilation (paCO2 = 90 mmHg) and impaired consciousness underwent sedation and controlled mechanical ventilation. The peak airway pressure could be reduced by constant-volume mechanical ventilation and analgosedation with midazolam and ketamine. When the gas exchange had stabilized, the first attempt at weaning was made by synchronized intermittent mechanical ventilation (SIMV). After this and two other attempts had failed, the patient was given continuous sufentanil (0.8-1.0 micrograms/kg), as well as additional bolus injections of 2 micrograms/kg and 0.35 micrograms/kg for analgosedation. Controlled mechanical ventilation was replaced by the system of biphasic positive airway pressure (BIPAP). The mechanical ventilatory support was gradually reduced, as was the dose of continuous sufentanil. Extubation was possible at a dose of 0.2 micrograms/kg per h sufentanil and CPAP. From this case, it is not possible to determine whether the BIPAP system or the analgosedation with Sufentanil was the decisive factor in the therapeutic success. It may well have been the combination of both therapeutic measures that--in our opinion--supplemented each other in an ideal way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T J Luger
- Universitätsklinik für Anaesthesie und Allgemeine Intensivmedizin, Innsbruck
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gaab MR, Trost HA, Lorenz M, Seegers K, Heuser D, Fitch W, Baethmann A, Speckmann EJ, Lehmenkühler A, Pöppelmann T, Bingmann D, Rabow L, Bergenheim T, Bålfors E, Urban G, Keplinger F, Kohl F, Kuttner H, Jobst G, Pittner F, Schalkhammer T, Mann-Buxbaum E, Litscher G, Steiler E, Pfurtschcller G, Schwarz G, Hinrichs H, Feistner H, Künkel H, Wieser HG, Isler P, Witztum A, Siegel A, Merles N, Möllmann M, Penner M, Schoeppner H, Hohenberger K, Daub D, Freye E, Grabitz K, Sandmann W, Haass A, Ladurner G, Teasdale G, Weis M, Hilz MJ, Claus D, Neundörfer B, Druschky KF, Litscher G, Pfurtscheller G, Heinze HJ, Künkcl H, Symon L, Cooper G, Rampil IJ, Bosco M, Adducci E, Gualtieri E, Amato A, Lacava E, Mascia A, Bonomo V, Dinkel M, Kamp HD, Schweiger H, Jaksche H, Schwerdtfeger K, Loew F, Rath SA, Klein HJ, Kühn J, Fritz W, Thiel A, Russ W, Hcmpelmann G, Morawetz RF, Schlager A, Lugcr TJ, Vajsar J, Hopkins AJ, Ronen GM, Kuppe H, Porte T, Dannenberger R, Götz C, Adt M, Schmucker P, Landi A, Colombo F, Luca GP, Fornezza U, Benedctti A, Bruno R, Zamparctti N, Engelhardt W, Drösler S, Dierks T, Maurer K, Hecht U, Lehmkuhl P, Pichlmayr I, Cheng-hui L, Shi-ao J, Cheng-hui L, Shi-ao J, Theissen J, Zander J, Moberg D, Bell R, Miller SB, Pohl S, Hühnefeld D, Henries HJ, Jantzen JP, Eberle B, Dick W, Wallenfang T, Fuzes I, Geissler C, Schregel W, Cunitz G, Fomezza U, Volpin L, Zamperetti N, Demo P, Digito A, Barbacini S, Zamperetti N, Lacquaniti L. Abstracts of scientific papers second international symposium on central nervous system monitoring. J Clin Monit Comput 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02828296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|