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Schiewe MC, Rothman C, Spitz A, Werthman PE, Zeitlin SI, Anderson RE. Validation-verification of a highly effective, practical human testicular tissue in vitro culture-cryopreservation procedure aimed to optimize pre-freeze and post-thaw motility. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:519-28. [PMID: 26847133 PMCID: PMC4818637 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our paper was to validate a testicular biopsy procedure that simplifies handling, processing, and cryopreservation, while at the same time optimizes sperm motility before freezing and after thawing. METHODS Two prospective studies were conducted to verify, optimize, and understand the virtues of pre-freeze testicular tissue IVC at different temperatures (21, 30, or 37 °C). Testicular tissue was obtained from clinical specimens designated for whole tissue cryopreservation (i.e., intact mass of tubules) and/or for fresh use in IVF-ICSI cycles. Whole testicular biopsy pieces (1-3 mm(3)) were diluted in glycerol containing freeze solutions, slow cooled to 4 °C and then rapidly frozen in LN2 vapor. Fresh and post-thaw testicular biopsy tissue were evaluated for changes in the quantity (%) and pattern of motility (I-IV: twitching to rapid progression, respectively) over a 1 week duration. The clinical effectiveness of IVC-cryopreserved whole testicular biopsy tissue was also validated analyzing fresh embryo transfers. RESULTS More reliable recovery of motile testicular sperm was achieved using whole tissue freeze preservation combined with IVC (24-96 h) post-acquisition at an incubation temperature of 30 °C compared to ambient temperature (21 °C) or 37 °C. Up to 85 % of the pre-freeze motility was conserved post-thaw (+3 h) for easy ICSI selection. Sperm longevity was optimized to fresh tissue levels by implementing testicular biopsy sucrose dilution post-thaw. Favorable clinical outcomes were proven using frozen-thawed testicular biopsy sperm for ICSI. CONCLUSIONS By employing minimal tissue manipulation, integrating pre-freeze IVC processing at 30 °C and the freezing of whole testicular biopsy tissue, we have reduced the labor and improved the efficacy of processing testicular tissue for freeze-preservation and subsequent ICSI use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Schiewe
- Ovagen Fertility/Southern California Institute for Reproductive Sciences (SCIRS), Newport Beach, CA, USA. .,California Cryobank (CCB), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - C Rothman
- California Cryobank (CCB), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Male Reproduction and Vasectomy Reversal, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Spitz
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine (UCI), CA, USA
| | - P E Werthman
- Center for Male Reproduction and Vasectomy Reversal, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S I Zeitlin
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA, USA
| | - R E Anderson
- Southern California Center for Reproductive Medicine (SCCRM), Newport Beach, CA, USA
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Spitz A, Pont E, Dendleux G. P163 Évaluation de l’efficacité de la prise en charge de la dénutrition à l’aide d’une fiche de suivi personnalisée chez le patient cancéreux en unité de jour (UdJ). NUTR CLIN METAB 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0985-0562(13)70495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tyler C, Barfield W, Gavin L, Grigorescu V, Kraft J, Spitz A, Warner L, White C. Reproductive health services: underutilized tools for prevention of teen pregnancy. Contraception 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Spitz A, Young JM, Larsen L, Mattia-Goldberg C, Donnelly J, Chwalisz K. Efficacy and safety of leuprolide acetate 6-month depot for suppression of testosterone in patients with prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2011; 15:93-9. [PMID: 22025196 PMCID: PMC3278745 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2011.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: This open-label study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a new leuprolide acetate 45 mg 6-month depot formulation in 151 men with prostate cancer who received 2 intramuscular injections administered 24 weeks apart. Methods: The primary efficacy measurement was the proportion of patients achieving suppression of serum testosterone to ⩽50 ng dl−1 from week 4 through week 48. Adverse events (AEs) and hormonal and safety laboratory values were monitored. Results: The primary efficacy end point was achieved in 93.4% of subjects (95% confidence interval (89.2%, 97.6%)). There were nine escapes from testosterone suppression during the study, none of which were accompanied by a rise in PSA. By week 4, mean testosterone concentration was suppressed below castrate levels to 15.9 ng dl−1; suppression was maintained for the entire 24-week duration of each depot injection. No mean increase in testosterone was observed after the second injection. Mean PSA levels were maintained below 3 ng ml−1 from week 14 through the 48-week treatment period. The most frequent AE was flushing (58.3%). Injection site reactions were reported in 24.5% of patients. Conclusions: Leuprolide acetate 45 mg 6-month depot demonstrated rapid and sustained testosterone suppression through 12 months and was well tolerated. This 6-month leuprolide acetate depot will decrease the number of annual injections in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Spitz
- South Orange County Medical Research Center, Laguna Hills, CA, USA
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Young J, Spitz A, Larsen L, Mattia-Goldberg C, Donnelly J, Chwalisz K. Efficacy and safety of 6-month depot leuprolide acetate for the treatment of prostate cancer: Results of a 48-week study. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Hübner-Löffler U, Spitz A, Lück-Schneider D, Schuier F. Funktionsdiagnostik mit CT: Xenon-CT, Realisierung und Anwendung in Klinik und Forschung. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2009. [DOI: 10.1515/bmte.1988.33.s2.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Schiewe MC, Spitz A, Anderson RE. 271 THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON HUMAN TESTICULAR TISSUE TO OPTIMIZE THE IN VITRO MATURATION OF PRE-FREEZE MOTILITY. Reprod Fertil Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv21n1ab271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection has made the use of testicular sperm a viable option for infertile men with obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia. Over the past decade, testicular biopsies have been handled and processed using a variety of different methods. Whole biopsy pieces can be effectively cryopreserved in a 10% glycerol diluent (Schiewe et al. 1997 67, S115 abst); however, the ability to find viable, motile sperm post-thaw is improved when prefreeze motility exists. The purpose of this study was to comparatively document in vitro sperm motility enhancement over time at different temperatures, and to prove that an intermediate temperature (28 to 30°C) would optimize sperm longevity for up to 1 week. In this study, 10 men with obstructive azoospermia underwent a surgical, open testicular biopsy procedure. Each biopsy was placed in HEPES buffered-human tubal fluid (mHTF) medium supplemented with 5% human serum albumin (HSA; Irvine Sci., Santa Ana, CA, USA) and transported to the laboratory at room temperature. Each testis biopsy (TBx) was dissected into 8 equal pieces (approximately 2 × 2 × 1 mm). Five intact pieces of TBx were cryopreserved in separate cryovials for future use. The remaining TBx tissue was subdivided into 1 of 3 temperature treatment groups (24, 30, or 37°C) for extended IVM. The 30°C incubation condition was achieved by placing the dish(es) in a Styrofoam box placed on a 37°C warming plate. Each TBx was placed into a separate 100 × 35 mm Falcon dish in 150-μL droplets of mHTF under oil and shredded by needle dissection to disperse the contents of the seminiferous tubules. Reminant tissue was placed into another droplet for additional dissection, as needed. Sperm were analyzed for motility (graded as Type I = twitching, II = undulating, III = slow progression, and IV = rapid progression) at 0, 24, 96, and 144 h without replacing the IVM medium. The percentage increase in motility, compared with 0 h, was statistically contrasted across temperature treatments by chi-squared analysis. Testicular sperm motility ranged from 5 to 25% at 0 h and increased in all groups at 24 h. There was no difference in total motility at 24 h, but progressive motility was higher (P < 0.05) at 37°C compared with 24°C. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in total percentage of motility/percentage of progressive motility at 96 h with treatment differences (*) being 30°C (66%*/44%*) > 24°C (42%*/14%) > 37°C (18%*/10%). This statistical trend continued at 144 h with 30°C (42%*/23%*) > 24°C (24%*/8%) > 37°C (9%*/5%). During this study, a viable pregnancy was achieved using a 30°C sample 8 days post biopsy, exceeding 2 previous healthy triplet pregnancies, which were successful using 4-day-old TBx specimens in 1996 and 2004. This study confirms that an intermediate IVM temperature of 30°C is optimal to enhance TBx cryopreservation, which in our laboratory is generally performed at 24 to 72 h of IVM. Our routine pregnancy success in applying ICSI with IVM, thawed TBx sperm discounts the concern some individuals express regarding DNA fragmentation of sperm over time.
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Kulesza P, Brahmer JR, Jimeno A, Baker SD, Spitz A, Li J, Rudek MA, Messersmith WA, Hidalgo M. Evaluation of gefitinib biological effects in patients with solid tumors amenable to sequential biopsies—Final results. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3090 Background: Biological effects of gefitinib are not well understood. The goals of this study are to assess the effects of gefitinib on EGFR signaling pathways in tumor and normal tissue, as well as the relationship between pharmacologic and pharmacodynamic (PD) endpoints. Methods: Patients (pts) with a diagnosis of a solid tumor and amenable to serial biopsies received gefitinib in two sequential cohorts of 12 pts each at doses of 250 or 500 mg orally once a day. Biopsies of tumor and skin as well as plasma and oral buccal swabs were collected at baseline and 28 days after treatment for correlative studies. Plasma samples for pharmacokinetic studies were obtained on d1 (from 0–8h), and pre-treatment trough samples were obtained on d2, d3, d8, d15, d22, and d28 of cycle 1. Treatment was continued unless severe drug related toxicity developed or until disease progression. Results: 27 pts (15 M/12F; median age of 61, range 29–77) were treated (13 on 250 mg and 14 on 500 mg). Three pts withdrew prior to d28 biopsy. One pt with metastatic squamous cell skin cancer had a partial response (PR). Of the 4 pts with stable disease (SD) (2-carcinoid, 1-lung, 1-renal), the median time on study was 6 mo (range 3–7 mo). Grade 1–3 toxicities included rash, diarrhea, nausea, anorexia, and fatigue. Plasma exposure to gefitinib was highly variable. At 250 mg, gefitinib average pre-treatment trough concentrations (Css,min) during 28 days of treatment varied 19-fold (mean, 406 ng/ml; range, 104 to 1846 ng/ml); at 500 mg, Css,min varied 11-fold (mean, 502 ng/ml; range, 145 to 1590 ng/ml). Quantitative immunohistochemical staining revealed a correlation between a lower baseline level of tumor Ki-67 and benefit from treatment (PR + SD) (p=0.048). While the change in tumor pMAPK staining (change from baseline) was not different between the two dose levels, Ki-67 change trended greater in the pts on the 500 mg dose (p=0.06). Change from baseline in pMAPK correlated with the development of diarrhea (p=0.03). EGFR (CA) repeat polymorphism length was not related to treatment benefit, toxicity, or changes in pMAPK or Ki-67. Conclusions: The preliminary PD findings are provocative. Further testing of tumor and normal tissues is ongoing. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. Jimeno
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - A. Spitz
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - J. Li
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Weber TJ, Green JB, Chow H, Spitz A, Wagner GS. How bone density testing influenced osteoporosis treatment in a community hospital. N C Med J 2000; 61:321-4. [PMID: 11103606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T J Weber
- Department of Medicine at Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Abstract
Evaluation of infertile couples has revealed that male factor infertility contributes to the problem in up to 50% of cases. Evaluation of the male infertility patient may include endocrine studies, sophisticated semen testing, and select radiographic studies. Reversible and life-threatening causes of male infertility should be identified before proceeding directly to assisted reproductive technology. For cases with irreversible causes, a proper evaluation can identify patients who may be treated with the breakthrough method of intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Many men who were previously thought to be infertile may now initiate their own biologic pregnancies. This article emphasizes the essentials of the contemporary approach to evaluating the male factor in an infertile couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Spitz
- Division of Male Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) has been shown to be an effective treatment for erectile dysfunction. Initial studies reported a high tolerability and low incidence of certain characteristic adverse reactions. We sought to evaluate the incidence of side effects of sildenafil citrate, independent of industry support and constraints, utilizing a heterogeneous cohort of patients from a university-based practice. METHODS A prospective, open-label, flexible-dose study of 256 patients treated with sildenafil citrate for erectile dysfunction was performed at a single institution. The patients were questioned explicitly about the occurrence of headache, flushing, dyspepsia, nasal congestion, visual changes, and other side effects. RESULTS The adverse reactions most commonly observed were flushing (30.8%), headache (25. 4%), nasal congestion (18.7%), and heartburn (10.5%). All events were short lived and mild in nature. In the present study, 31.6% of patients experienced one or more adverse events. However, no one withdrew from the study because of the severity of these events. There was a significant association between higher doses and the occurrence of side effects. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of adverse events attributable to sildenafil citrate may be higher than initially reported, but an explanation may be the methodology of data collection and the industry-independent nature of this study. The side-effect profile is dose related and mild. Sildenafil citrate remains a safe and well-tolerated treatment for erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Moreira
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Spitz A, Stein JP, Lieskovsky G, Skinner DG. Orthotopic urinary diversion with preservation of erectile and ejaculatory function in men requiring radical cystectomy for nonurothelial malignancy: a new technique. J Urol 1999; 161:1761-4. [PMID: 10332430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nerve sparing techniques to preserve sexual function in men undergoing cystoprostatectomy have been well documented. The patient who desires to remain fertile with ejaculatory function poses an additional challenge. We describe a new technique for radical cystectomy and orthotopic diversion with preservation of the vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, posterior prostate and neurovascular bundles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four men with a median age of 26 years presented with bladder pathology necessitating cystectomy, including signet ring carcinoma of the bladder dome, leiomyosarcoma of the anterior bladder wall, leiomyosarcoma of the lateral bladder wall, and extensive polypoid cystitis glandularis of the trigone and posterior wall refractory to conservative and transurethral management. All patients wished to maintain fertility and ejaculatory function. We detail the surgical technique of extirpation of the bladder and anterior proximal prostate en bloc with preservation of the vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, posterior prostate and neurovascular bundles as well as construction of an orthotopic reservoir. RESULTS Followup ranges from 4 months to 5 years. All patients remain completely continent and void to completion without difficulty. Erectile function is normal in all cases. Of 3 patients who ejaculate antegrade 1 has fathered a child. The remaining patient ejaculates retrograde. There has been no tumor recurrence. CONCLUSIONS The technique of cystectomy with preservation of the vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, posterior prostate and neurovascular bundles is an excellent option in men with nonurothelial malignancy or another pathological condition that necessitates cystectomy, and in whom preservation of fertility and potency is desirable. All of our patients are fully potent and achieve ejaculation. Even the patient with retrograde ejaculation remains fertile. In terms of practicality semen retrieval from urine is much simpler than epididymal sperm aspiration and in vitro fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Spitz
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, USA
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SESAM, Bali G, Eicker N, Giusti L, Glässner U, Guesken S, Hoeber H, Lacock P, Lippert T, Martinelli G, Rapuano F, Ritzenhöfer G, Schilling K, Siegert G, Spitz A, Ueberholz P, Viehoff J. Glueballs and string breaking from full QCD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5632(97)00724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE The operative management and followup of vena caval resection for bulky metastatic germ cell tumors have been previously described in 3 series. In 1989 Ahlering and Skinner described their experience with 12 patients. We now update this experience with the most recent followup on 19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS From April 1978 to May 1995, 19 men underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for stage B3 (N3) or C (N3, M+) germ cell tumor after induction chemotherapy. In all cases the inferior vena cava was resected because of extensive thrombosis or direct involvement of the vessel wall by a tumor. The inferior vena cava was resected from just below the renal veins to beyond the level of disease involvement. Complete resection of retroperitoneal disease was accomplished in all patients. Morbidity and mortality were examined. RESULTS The mean hospital stay was 10 days (range 7 to 13) for uncomplicated recoveries (9 patients) versus 19 days (range 6 to 32) for complicated recoveries (10 patients). Followup ranged from 1 month to 16 years. Complications included prolonged ileus, small bowel obstruction, fascial dehiscence and pneumonia with pleural effusion. Chronic edema persisted in 3 of 11 patients with followup of greater than 6 months. Of the 6 patients who died of disease recurrence 4 did not have normalization of tumor markers before surgery, and all 4 had persistence of cancer in the resected specimen. Seven patients are without disease at followup of 24 months to 16 years. All survivors had normalized tumor markers before surgery. Only 1 patient (5%) had retroperitoneal recurrence. CONCLUSIONS En bloc vena caval resection for tumor involvement or extensive thrombosis can be associated with short and long-term morbidity, is feasible, and may contribute to a prolonged tumor-free interval and a chance for cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Spitz
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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Spitz A, Huffman JL, Mendez R. Autotransplantation as an effective therapy for the loin pain-hematuria syndrome: case reports and a review of the literature. J Urol 1997; 157:1554-9. [PMID: 9112475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The loin pain-hematuria syndrome is a well recognized but poorly understood clinical condition in which patients have progressive loin pain accompanied by hematuria but they maintain stable renal function. We present 2 cases effectively treated with renal autotransplantation, as well as a review of the literature, and a coherent algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS The medical literature concerning the loin pain-hematuria syndrome was reviewed. In 1994 we performed renal autotransplantation on 2 patients with the loin pain-hematuria syndrome at our institution. RESULTS Extensive urological evaluation revealed no obvious underlying abnormalities in patients with the loin pain-hematuria syndrome. Theories for the pathogenesis of this condition range from thrombotic phenomena to autoimmune processes. Treatment efforts have been directed primarily towards pain management. Narcotic dependence becomes progressive as the pain becomes debilitating. In extreme cases nephrectomy is performed despite normal renal function. Several invasive methods of nerve block and enervation provide only temporary relief. Renal autotransplantation provided lasting cessation of loin pain in both of our patients with followup of 1.5 and 2.5 years, and this intervention has been shown to provide the most durable pain relief in other series. CONCLUSIONS Renal autotransplantation provides the most durable, nonnarcotic, nephron sparing relief for patients with the loin pain-hematuria syndrome. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the pathophysiology of this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Spitz
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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Heshka S, Spitz A, Nuñez C, Fittante AM, Heymsfield SB, Pi-Sunyer FX. Obesity and risk of gallstone development on a 1200 kcal/d (5025 Kj/d) regular food diet. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1996; 20:450-4. [PMID: 8696424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies report a greatly increased risk of gallstone formation in obese persons during periods of caloric restriction on very low calorie formula diets. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk of gallstone development in moderately obese patients losing weight on a prescribed 1200 kcal/d (5025 Kj/d) regular food diet. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS A consecutive sample of 70 men and women (body mass index > 25 kg/m2) (mean +/- SD, 28.9 +/- 2.8 kg/m2) responding to an announcement of an outpatient weight loss program in a major metropolitan research and teaching hospital were enrolled in a meal replacement program which prescribed 1200 kcal/d (5025 Kj/d) consisting of regular foods with approximately 20 g/d fat (15% of kcal) for 16 weeks. RESULTS Participants who completed the study (n = 34) lost a mean of 5.1 +/- 3.6 kg (p < 0.001) (range, +2.7 kg to -12.5 kg; 6.7 +/- 5.0% of body weight, range +/-3.1% to -17.0%; 0.36 +/- 0.25 kg/week) with no clinically significant adverse effects. There were no discernible new gallstones as measured by ultrasonography during the study period. Liver enzyme blood concentrations did not change significantly after 16 weeks except for alkaline phosphatase, which decreased by 4.5 mu/l from a mean initial level of 72.7 mu/l (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Weight loss over 16 weeks on a 1200 kcal/d (5025 Kj/d) regular food/approx 20 g/d fat (15% of kcal) diet was not accompanied by a high rate of gallstone formation in moderately obese persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Heshka
- Obesity Research Center, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10025, USA
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Stein JP, Spitz A, Elmajian DA, Esrig D, Freeman JA, Grossfeld GD, Ginsberg DA, Skinner DG. Bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis: a case report and review of the literature. Urology 1996; 47:129-34. [PMID: 8560648 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(99)80399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare, rapidly progressive, life-threatening infection of the renal parenchyma. It most commonly is unilateral, is found almost exclusively in diabetics, is associated with gas-forming coliform bacteria, and is characterized by the presence of gas within the renal parenchyma. Early aggressive therapy (combined medical and surgical) is the hallmark of successful treatment. A high index of suspicion coupled with radiographic imaging is essential to make a timely diagnosis and guide therapeutic intervention. Bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis is an even more rare phenomena, with only 14 reported cases in the English literature and is associated with a high patient mortality. We herein present an additional case and review the literature as it pertains to bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis. Appropriate care requires aggressive combined medical and surgical therapy in an attempt to preserve renal function without increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Stein
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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Goldberg HI, McNeil M, Spitz A. Contraceptive use and fertility decline in Chogoria, Kenya. Stud Fam Plann 1989; 20:17-25. [PMID: 2711416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the results pertaining to fertility and family planning from a 1985 survey conducted in the catchment area of Chogoria Hospital in central Kenya. Current contraceptive prevalence was found to be quite high, 43 percent as opposed to 17 percent for Kenya as a whole. The total fertility rate of 5.2 births per woman was 2.5 births lower than the national rate. Very few women reported wanting to have large numbers of children or thinking that fate or God should determine family size. Although these data cannot conclusively demonstrate that the family planning program operating in the area has been responsible for reduced fertility there, they do provide some support for this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H I Goldberg
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333
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